scholarly journals Preliminary Outbreak Investigation and Spatial Epidemiology of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Nigeria

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muftau Oyewo ◽  
Ahmad I. Al-Mustapha ◽  
Bukola A. Richards ◽  
Lateefah Abdulkareem ◽  
Taiwo Olasoju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Epidemiology ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
And Control

The outbreak of highly contagious transboundary rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) in Nigeria has a severe socio-economic impact on the rabbit industry. We present the outbreak investigation and spatial epidemiology of the first confirmed RHD outbreak in Nigeria from a field survey of 28 stochastic outbreaks in Kwara State, north-central Nigeria. A total of 1,639 rabbits died from 2,053 susceptible rabbits. The serotype “RHDV-2” was detected in tissue samples from some of the outbreaks. The case fatality rate of the RHDV-2 outbreak was 79.8%. The source of the outbreak is still unknown. Most (71.4%) of the farmers had introduced new rabbits into their farms 1–2 weeks before the outbreak. Most of the farmers practiced biosecurity measures such as farm fencing (83.1%) and routine disinfection of the farm materials (53.6%). However, only 17.8% of the farmers enforced movement restrictions into their farms. Some of the farmers (42.8%) had restocked their farms after being affected by the RHD outbreak and 75% of all those farmers that have restocked had used the RHD vaccine. There was no statistically significant association between adherence to biosecurity measures and the RHD outbreak in affected farms (p = 0.408). However, the introduction of new rabbits into rabbit farms significantly pre-disposed farms to the RHD outbreak (p < 0.001). There is a need for active surveillance of RHD across the country to ensure efficient and effective tracking, monitoring, and control of the disease. Equally, understanding the genetic diversity of the Lagoviruses in Nigeria that cause RHD to aid vaccine development is of utmost importance to prevent future RHD outbreaks.

scholarly journals A Review on Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease with a Special Reference to Egyptian Situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 2243
Author(s):  
WAFAA A ABD EL-GHANY
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Intravascular Coagulopathy ◽  
And Control

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is considered as one of the most important viral diseases that affects and threatens rabbit’s flocks. This disease has affected rabbits since mid-1980. Two epidemics of RHD had been discovered; the first was in mid-1980 and known as classical RHD virus (RHDV), while the second was in 2011 and described as variant virus (RHDVb/RHDV2). Domestic and wild rabbits are susceptible to RHD. All ages can be affected, but adults are more susceptible to young kitten. RHD is presented in three forms; per-acute, acute and subacute or chronic form. Mortality rate is usually high especially in per-acute and acute stages and it is associated with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and necrotic hepatitis. The main lesions have been observed in the liver, lungs and spleen. Diagnosis of RHD is based on the clinical picture and detection of RHDV or specific antibodies. The prevention and control strategies depend mainly on using of preventive inactivated vaccine together with adoptionof hygienic measures. However, there is no specific treatment of RHDV infection. So, this review article puts a spot light on RHD regarding the epidemiology, the clinical and laboratory diagnosis as well as the prevention and control strategies with a special reference to Egyptian situation.

scholarly journals Strict Assembly Restriction of Peptides from Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Presented by Rabbit Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecule RLA-A1

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxu Zhang ◽  
Kefang Liu ◽  
Can Yue ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Dan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Class I ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Mhc Class I Molecule

ABSTRACT Rabbits are pivotal domestic animals for both the economy and as an animal model for human diseases. A large number of rabbits have been infected by rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in natural and artificial pandemics in the past. Differences in presentation of antigenic peptides by polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T-cell receptors (TCR) on T lymphocytes are associated with viral clearance in mammals. Here, we screened and identified a series of peptides derived from RHDV binding to the rabbit MHC class I molecule, RLA-A1. The small, hydrophobic B and F pockets of RLA-A1 capture a peptide motif analogous to that recognized by human class I molecule HLA-A*0201, with more restricted aliphatic anchors at P2 and PΩ positions. Moreover, the rabbit molecule is characterized by an uncommon residue combination of Gly53, Val55, and Glu56, making the 310 helix and the loop between the 310 and α1 helices closer to the α2 helix. A wider A pocket in RLA-A1 can induce a special conformation of the P1 anchor and may play a pivotal role in peptide assembly and TCR recognition. Our study broadens the knowledge of T-cell immunity in domestic animals and also provides useful insights for vaccine development to prevent infectious diseases in rabbits. IMPORTANCE We screened rabbit MHC class I RLA-A1-restricted peptides from the capsid protein VP60 of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and determined the structures of RLA-A1 complexed with three peptides, VP60-1, VP60-2, and VP60-10. From the structures, we found that the peptide binding motifs of RLA-A1 are extremely constraining. Thus, there is a generally restricted peptide selection for RLA-A1 compared to that for human HLA-A*0201. In addition, uncommon residues Gly53, Val55, and Glu56 of RLA-A1 are located between the 310 helix and α1 helix, which makes the steric position of the 310 helix in RLA-A1 much closer to the α2 helix than that found in other mammalian MHC class I molecules. This special conformation between the 310 helix and α1 helix plays a pivotal role in rabbit MHC class I assembly. Our results provide new insights into MHC class I molecule assembly and peptide presentation of domestic mammals. Furthermore, these data also broaden our knowledge on T-cell immunity in rabbits and may also provide useful information for vaccine development to prevent infectious diseases in rabbits.

Computers for data, control and simulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
David C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computers ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Data Control ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control

Personal computers (PCs) are a powerful resource in the EM Laboratory, both as a means of automating the monitoring and control of microscopes, and as a tool for quantifying the interpretation of data. Not only is a PC more versatile than a piece of dedicated data logging equipment, but it is also substantially cheaper. In this tutorial the practical principles of using a PC for these types of activities will be discussed.The PC can form the basis of a system to measure, display, record and store the many parameters which characterize the operational conditions of the EM. In this mode it is operating as a data logger. The necessary first step is to find a suitable source from which to measure each of the items of interest. It is usually possible to do this without having to make permanent corrections or modifications to the EM.

Tanshinone IIA attenuates elastase-induced AAA in rats via inhibition of MyD88-dependent TLR-4 signaling

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Shang ◽  
Feng Ran ◽  
Qian Qiao ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Chang-Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation Factor ◽  
And Control

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether myeloid differentiation factor88-dependent Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) signaling contributed to the inhibition of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA). Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12 / group) were randomly distributed into three groups: Tan IIA, control, and sham. The rats from Tan IIA and control groups under-went intra-aortic elastase perfusion to induce AAAs, and those in the sham group were perfused with saline. Only the Tan IIA group received Tan IIA (2 mg / rat / d). Aortic tissue samples were harvested at 24 d after perfusion and evaluated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Results: The over-expression of Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4), Myeloid Differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), Phosphorylated Nuclear Factor κB (pNF-κB) and Phosphorylated IκBα (pIκBα) induced by elastase perfusion were significantly decreased by Tan IIA treatment. Conclusions: Tan IIA attenuates elastase-induced AAA in rats possibly via the inhibition of MyD88-dependent TLR-4 signaling, which may be one potential explanation of why Tan IIA inhibits AAA development through multiple effects.

The magnitude and cost of groundwater monitoring and control in agriculture.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Giannoccaro ◽  
Armando Ursitti ◽  
Maurizio Prosperi
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
And Control

THE 2019 NOVEL PANDEMIC OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19): A STUDY OF EXISTING EVIDENCE IN THE INDIAN POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Shrikant Verma ◽  
Mohammad Abbas ◽  
Sushma Verma ◽  
Syed Tasleem Raza ◽  
Farzana Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
General Wellbeing ◽  
Different Parts

A novel spillover coronavirus (nCoV), with its epicenter in Wuhan, China's People's Republic, has emerged as an international public health emergency. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till November eighth, 2020, there have been 8.5 million affirmed instances of novel Covid disease2019 (COVID-19) in India, with 1,26,611 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 1.48 percent. Coronavirus clinical signs are fundamentally the same as those of other respiratory infections. In different parts of the world, the quantity of research center affirmed cases and related passings are rising consistently. The COVID- 19 is an arising pandemic-responsible viral infection. Coronavirus has influenced huge parts of the total populace, which has prompted a global general wellbeing crisis, setting all health associations on high attentive. This review sums up the overall landmass, virology, pathogenesis, the study of disease transmission, clinical introduction, determination, treatment, and control of COVID-19 with the reference to India.

MONITORING AND CONTROL OF THE “ANIMAL” SUBSYSTEM IN THE COMPLEX BIOTECHNICAL SYSTEM “MAN-MACHINE-ANIMAL” OF A DAIRY FARM

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR V. KIRSANOV ◽  
◽  
DMITRIY YU. PAVKIN ◽  
FEDOR E. FEDOR E. VLADIMIROV ◽  
EVGENIY А. NIKITIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Mutual Adaptation ◽  
Biotechnical System ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
And Control

A modern dairy farm is a complex biotechnical “man-machine-animal” system, where purposeful human activity concentrates mainly on the control of the “machine” and “animal” subsystems, thus making the whole system ergatic. Increasing the interaction effi ciency of machine subsystems with biological objects (animals) requires an in-depth study of the properties and characteristics of the latter, their behavior, adaptive and refl ex mechanisms that ensure the mutual adaptation of machine and biological subsystems. The paper considers general functionality of the “animal” subsystem, which includes lists of monitored parameters (functions) in pre-weaning, pre-lactation and lactation periods. In a similar way, functionals of the subsystems of the general musculoskeletal development of the animal’s body, respiratory and digestive organs, comfort of the habitat, development and control of the reproductive organs of lactating cows were obtained accompanied with a list of controlled functions and parameters. To carry out a set of research activities in this fi eld, FSAC VIM is planning to carry out a complex project that will increase the levels of automation, digitalization and intellectualization of animal husbandry, provide for comfortable environment, optimal rediced-impact service modes for animals and their extended productive longevity, increased quality of milk and autonomous functioning of individual local biotechnical subsystems.

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