scholarly journals Presence of Bradyrhizobium sp. under Continental Conditions in Central Europe

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Anne Griebsch ◽  
Nicole Matschiavelli ◽  
Sylwia Lewandowska ◽  
Knut Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Sp ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lower Silesia

Soil samples from different locations with varied soybean cultivation histories were taken from arable fields in 2018 in East Germany and Poland (Lower Silesia) to evaluate the specific microsymbionts of the soybean, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, one to seven years after inoculation. Soybeans were grown in the selected farms between 2011 and 2017. The aim of the experiment was to investigate whether there is a difference in rhizobia contents in soils in which soybeans have been recultivated after one to seven years break, and whether this could lead to differences in soybean plant growth. The obtained soil samples were directly transferred into containers, then sterilized soybean seeds were sown into pots in the greenhouse. After 94 days of growth, the plants were harvested and various parameters such as the nodular mass, number of nodules, and dry matter in the individual plant parts were determined. In addition, the relative abundances of Bradyrhizobium sp. in soil samples were identified by sequencing. No major decline in Bradyrhizobium sp. concentration could be observed due to a longer interruption of soybean cultivation. Soil properties such as pH, P, and Mg contents did not show a significant influence on the nodule mass or number, but seem to have an influence on the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium sp. The investigations have shown that Bradyrhizobium japonicum persists in arable soils even under Central European site conditions and enters into an effective symbiosis with soybeans for up to seven years.

Sources of morphological variation and organization within and among populations of Balsamorhiza sagittata

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Robson ◽  
R. K. Scagel ◽  
J. Maze
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Balsamorhiza Sagittata ◽  
Two Populations

Comparisons of differences between morphological means of individual plant parts indicate that the greatest source of variation in two populations of Balsamorhiza sagittata is the individual plants within populations; within-population diversity is greater than among-population diversity. Variable covariance and correlations differ between individual plants and there are subgroups of interrelated variables that can be tied to developmental phenomena. The relationship between developmental phenomena and these groups of variables suggests a relationship between organizational, as reflected in variable interrelationships, and ontogenetic variation. These results are not adequately explained by neoDarwinian theory but are explained more comprehensively by a theory of evolution that views biological change over time as an intrinsically driven self-organization, accompanied by an increase in complexity (a manifestation of the "Second Law of Thermodynamics" as it applies to open systems).

The growth of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) under spaced plant and sward conditions

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Knight
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Mediterranean Plants ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
The Individual

The cumulative growth of nine clones of Dactylis glomerata was compared under two conditions of spacing. The first spacing was chosen to provide conditions similar to those of a breeding nursery, the second, conditions met with in swards. Data were obtained for two growing seasons, the individual plant and its parts being considered at each harvest. Of the nine clones seven were developed from plants obtained from the Mediterranean region and two from Great Britain. There was a poor correlation between plants under the two spacing conditions, particularly as later in the life of the swards clones reacted differently to competition. Competition did not lead to a uniformity of top weight for the clones in the swards. These results are discussed in relation to the conflicting results of similar studies and the reaction of genotypes to factors of the environment affecting growth. It is suggested that plants in the vegetative phase are affected by competition differently from plants in the reproductive phase. Some clones were found to regenerate after summer dormancy more rapidly than others, but initial advantages were not maintained. The relative development of parts of the plants differed between clones, some having high proportions of their total weight below ground. At the time of reproduction, despite very large differences in total weight between plants of a clone under the two spacing conditions, the percentages of plant parts were very similar. A high mortality was shown during the summer by the two clones from northern European plants, but only a negligible mortality by the Mediterranean plants.

scholarly journals A CONCISE BOTANICAL CONSIDERATION ON VARIOUS PLANT PARTS (PRAYOJYANGA) STATED IN AYURVEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2232-2240
Author(s):  
Mane Santosh S ◽  
Gajarmal Amit Ashok ◽  
Kamble Mayur Y
Keyword(s):  
Individual Plant ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Health Care Practices ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Traditional Health Care ◽  
Cold Infusion ◽  
The Individual

The plants are the backbone of many traditional health care practices, and they are always said as best friends of human beings. In Ayurveda, The Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana has been quoted as the fundamental therapeutic preparations mostly as herbal preparations. Among them, Swarasa (Fresh juice) & Kalka (paste) are made gener- ally by fresh plant parts like leaves and tuberous roots. While dried Panchanga (whole plant) are mostly used in the preparation of Kwatha (decoction), Hima (cold infusion) and Phanta (hot infusion). The term Panchanga in- dicates Tvaka (bark), Pushpa (flower), Patra (leaves), Phala (fruit), and Mula (root). Apart from this, Saara (pith), Ksheera (latex), Niryasa (exudate/ oleoresin/gum) and Kanda (bulb) has been also cited in the Ayurveda text. With the help of modern plant science, information can be obtained for an upgraded, précised and easily un- derstanding of the individual plant part. Thus, this article provides ample information on the terminologies of plant parts in the classical text and their description in line with botanical science. Keywords: Panchanga, Ayurveda, Plant, Parts, Kashaya

Toddalia asiatica L. - A Rich Source of Phytoconstituents with Potential Pharmacological Actions, an Appropriate Plant for Recent Global Arena

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Praveena Alagaraj ◽  
Suriyavathana Muthukrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Complete Information ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Rheumatic Arthritis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Intercostal Neuralgia ◽  
Toddalia Asiatica ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Global Arena

: Toddalia asiatica L. is used for a long period against various chronic diseases. The main objective of the present review is to search the literature for the folklore uses, phytochemicals isolated and their pharmacological properties of Toddalia asiatica L. The individual plant parts possess many phytoconstituents with therapeutic actions. The root bark of the plant is antimalarial, antipyretic and carminative. Plant leaves and stems have bitter taste and analgesic in nature. Leaf essential oil is used in relieving rheumatic arthritis, sprains, contusions, intercostal neuralgia, cough, malaria, dysentery and gastralgia. This compiled data may be helpful for the researchers to focus on the areas of research yet to be discovered. Complete information about the plant has been collected from various books, journals etc.

scholarly journals The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 Transcription Factor Is Involved in the Multiple Stress Tolerance to Heat and Drought in Rice Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7181
Author(s):  
Seong-Im Park ◽  
Hyeok Jin Kwon ◽  
Mi Hyeon Cho ◽  
Ji Sun Song ◽  
Beom-Gi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Multiple Stress Tolerance

The AP2/EREBP family transcription factors play important roles in a wide range of stress tolerance and hormone signaling. In this study, a heat-inducible rice ERF gene was isolated and functionally characterized. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 was categorized to Group-IIIc of the rice AP2/EREBP family and strongly induced by heat and drought treatment. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 protein targeted to nuclei and suppressed the ABA-induced transcriptional activation of Rab16A promoter in rice protoplasts. Overexpression of OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 enhanced thermotolerance of seeds and vegetative growth stage plants. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 overexpressing (OE) plants exhibited higher proline level and increased expression of a proline biosynthesis P5CS1 gene. Phenotyping of water use dynamics of the individual plant indicates that the OsERF115/AP2EREBP110-OE plant exhibited better water saving traits under heat and drought combined stress. Our combined results suggest the potential use of OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 as a candidate gene for genetic engineering approaches to develop heat and drought stress-tolerant crops.

Within-field Pathogenic Diversity of Phytophthora sojae in Commercial Soybean Fields in Iowa

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Robertson ◽  
Silvia R. Cianzio ◽  
Sarah M. Cerra ◽  
Richard O. Pope
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Pathogenic Diversity

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, is an economically important soybean disease in the north central region of the United States, including Iowa. Previous surveys of the pathogenic diversity of P. sojae in Iowa did not investigate whether multiple pathotypes of the pathogen existed in individual fields. Considering the many pathotypes of P. sojae that have been reported in Iowa, we hypothesized multiple pathotypes could exist within single fields. In the research reported herein, several soil samples were collected systematically from each of two commercial fields with a history of PRR in Iowa, and each soil sample was baited separately for isolates of P. sojae. Numerous pathotypes of P. sojae were detected from both fields. As many as four pathotypes were detected in some soil samples (each consisting of six to eight soil cores), which suggests that a single soybean plant could be subjected to infection by more than one pathotype. This possibility presents important implications in breeding resistant cultivars and in the management of PRR. Accepted for publication 14 July 2009. Published 8 September 2009.

The Feeling for Plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-34
Keyword(s):  
Individual Plant ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Individual

The garden sentiment is now focused on the individual plant. This "feeling" (also referred to as a sentiment or an enthusiasm) is found in the diverse forms of plants, the uncultivated plant in its natural surroundings, the seasonal progression of plants, and finally the raising and growing of the cultivated plant by the individual.

scholarly journals Mask R-CNN Refitting Strategy for Plant Counting and Sizing in UAV Imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissande Machefer ◽  
François Lemarchand ◽  
Virginie Bonnefond ◽  
Alasdair Hitchins ◽  
Panagiotis Sidiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Segmentation Task ◽  
Vision Algorithm

This work introduces a method that combines remote sensing and deep learning into a framework that is tailored for accurate, reliable and efficient counting and sizing of plants in aerial images. The investigated task focuses on two low-density crops, potato and lettuce. This double objective of counting and sizing is achieved through the detection and segmentation of individual plants by fine-tuning an existing deep learning architecture called Mask R-CNN. This paper includes a thorough discussion on the optimal parametrisation to adapt the Mask R-CNN architecture to this novel task. As we examine the correlation of the Mask R-CNN performance to the annotation volume and granularity (coarse or refined) of remotely sensed images of plants, we conclude that transfer learning can be effectively used to reduce the required amount of labelled data. Indeed, a previously trained Mask R-CNN on a low-density crop can improve performances after training on new crops. Once trained for a given crop, the Mask R-CNN solution is shown to outperform a manually-tuned computer vision algorithm. Model performances are assessed using intuitive metrics such as Mean Average Precision (mAP) from Intersection over Union (IoU) of the masks for individual plant segmentation and Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy (MOTA) for detection. The presented model reaches an mAP of 0.418 for potato plants and 0.660 for lettuces for the individual plant segmentation task. In detection, we obtain a MOTA of 0.781 for potato plants and 0.918 for lettuces.

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