Utilization of Shredded Steam-Exploded Pine Particles as a Dietary Ingredient to Modify Cecal Microbiota in Broilers

Sawdust and wood shavings are the major industrial waste from wood and its related industries. Steam-explosion treatment enhances the utilizable fiber fraction in pinewood particles. This study investigated the effects of adding up to 2% of steam-exploded pine particles (SPPs) in diets on the growth performance and cecal microbiome of broilers. On the 8th day of age, 216 Ross 308 broilers were allocated to three treatments of 72 broilers/group, with 12 replicates of 6 broilers each, to receive 0%, 1%, and 2% SPPs in their diets. The experimental period was from the 8th to 28th day of age. The parameters recorded included growth performance, relative organ weight (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver, and spleen), absolute organ length (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum), blood biochemicals (glucose, total protein, triglyceride, and cholesterol), and microbial analysis from cecum samples. Growth performance parameters, such as the average daily gain, average feed intake, feed conversion ratio, organ weight, length, and blood biochemical parameters, were not influenced by dietary supplementation of SPP. The abundance of fibrolytic bacterial genera, such as Mediterraneibacter and Anaerobutyricum, was increased in 2% SPP-supplemented chickens. An unknown bacterial genus was also enhanced in 2% SPP-supplemented diets related to the family of fiber-degrading bacteria and needs further investigation. In conclusion, 2% SPP can be supplemented in chicken diets as a source of fiber from wood industry-related waste without having any harmful effects on broiler chickens.

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Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112 on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Immune, and Serum Biochemical Response in Broiler Chickens

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10111427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1427

Author(s):

Marhaba Ahmat ◽

Junhao Cheng ◽

Zaheer Abbas ◽

Qiang Cheng ◽

Zhen Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Vegetative Cells ◽

Serum Biochemical

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112 on the growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 396 1 day old, mixed-sex commercial Ross 308 broilers with similar body weights were allotted into six treatment groups. The assigned groups were the CON group (basal diet with no supplement), AB (antibiotics) group (basal diet + 150 mg of aureomycin/kg), C+M group (basal diet + 5 × 108 CFU/kg B. amyloliquefaciens LFB112 powder with vegetative cells + metabolites), C group (basal diet + 5 × 108 CFU/kg B. amyloliquefaciens LFB112 vegetative cell powder with removed metabolites), M group (basal diet + 5 × 108 CFU/kg B. amyloliquefaciens LFB112 metabolite powder with removed vegetative cells), and CICC group (basal diet + 5 × 108 CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis CICC 20179). Results indicated that chickens in the C+M, C, and M groups had higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.02) compared to the CON group. The C+M group showed the lowest abdominal fat rate compared to those in the CON, AB, and CICC groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, serum IgA and IgG levels in the C+M, C, and M groups significantly increased while declining in the AB group (p < 0.05). B. amyloliquefaciens LFB112 supplementation significantly reduced the serum triglyceride, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine levels, while increasing the serum glucose and total protein (p < 0.05). In conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens LFB112 significantly improved the growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, and blood chemical indices of broiler chickens and may be used as an efficient broiler feed supplement.

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The Response of Broiler Chickens to Dietary Soybean Meal Reduction with Glycine and Cysteine Inclusion at Marginal Sulfur Amino Acids (SAA) Deficiency

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091686 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1686

Author(s):

Usman Elahi ◽

Jing Wang ◽

You-biao Ma ◽

Shu-geng Wu ◽

Guang-hai Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Sulfur Amino Acids ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Standard Protein

The responses of broiler chickens to dietary protein reduction were investigated in the presence of glycine and cysteine inclusion at the marginal deficiency of sulfur-containing amino acids. A total of 432 broiler chickens were allotted to six dietary treatments; SP1 is standard protein diet with 100% total sulfur amino acids (TSAA), SP2 is standard protein diet with 85% TSAA, RP is reduced protein diet without glycine and cysteine supplementation, RPC is reduced protein diet with cysteine supplementation at 0.1%, and RPG is reduced protein diet with 1% glycine supplementation, while RPGC is reduced protein diet with 0.1% cysteine and 1% glycine supplementation. In this study, 4.5% protein is reduced in diets—thus, 17.5% CP (crude protein) for starter phase and 15.5% CP for the grower phase. Reduced protein diets contained 85% TSAA. Broiler chickens fed standard protein diet SP2 had superior bodyweight (BW) (p ≤ 0.05) in the starter and grower phase, average daily gain (ADG) (p ≤ 0.05) in the starter and entire feeding period, average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p ≤ 0.05) in the starter phase, and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p ≤ 0.05) in the starter, grower and entire feeding period; however, RPGC showed higher ADG (p ≤ 0.05) in the grower phase, and ADFI (p ≤ 0.05) in the grower and entire feeding period. RPC and RPG diet improved BW (p ≤ 0.05), ADG (p ≤ 0.05), ADFI (p ≤ 0.05), and better FCR (p ≤ 0.05) in starter, grower, entire feeding period compared to RP. The RPGC group had higher BW (p ≤ 0.05), ADG (p ≤ 0.05), ADFI (p ≤ 0.05) and better FCR (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the RPC group. Blood biochemical parameters showed that Broiler chickens fed on the SP2 diet had higher levels of total protein (TP) (p ≤ 0.05), albumin (ALB) (p ≤ 0.05), creatinine (CRE) (p ≤ 0.05), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p ≤ 0.05) and, lower level of uric acid (UA) (p ≤ 0.05), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p ≤ 0.05), glucose (GLU) (p ≤ 0.05), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p ≤ 0.05) in the starter phase; however, higher level of TP (p ≤ 0.05), GLU (p ≤ 0.05), CRE (p ≤ 0.05), and AST (p ≤ 0.05), and lower level of ALB (p ≤ 0.05), UA (p ≤ 0.05), and ALT (p ≤ 0.05) in the grower phase; RPGC had higher level of TP (p ≤ 0.05), UA (p ≤ 0.05), GLU (p ≤ 0.05), ALT (p ≤ 0.05) and AST (p ≤ 0.05), and lower level of ALB (p ≤ 0.05), BUN (p ≤ 0.05), and CRE (p ≤ 0.05) in the starter phase; however, in grower phase, RPGC had higher level of TP (p ≤ 0.05), and ALB (p ≤ 0.05), and lower level of UA (p ≤ 0.05), CRE (p ≤ 0.05), ALT (p ≤ 0.05), and AST (p ≤ 0.05). Free amino acids profile showed that broiler fed on standard protein diet SP2 had reduced the methionine (p ≤ 0.05) concentration; RPC increased the concentrations of taurine (p ≤ 0.05), phosphoethanolamine (p ≤ 0.05), threonine (p ≤ 0.05), valine (p ≤ 0.05), isoleucine (p ≤ 0.05), phenylalanine (p ≤ 0.05), ornithine (p ≤ 0.05), and lysine (p ≤ 0.05) and reduced the citrulline (p ≤ 0.05) concentration; RPG increased the concentration of glutamate (p ≤ 0.05), glycine (p ≤ 0.05), cysteine (p ≤ 0.05), and arginine (p ≤ 0.05), and decreased the concentration of tyrosine (p ≤ 0.05); and RPGC increased the concentration of serine (p ≤ 0.05) and reduced the concentration of hydroxyproline (p ≤ 0.05). Serum metabolites analysis showed that reduced protein downregulated the 54 metabolites; however, glycine fortification up-regulated the Benzamide, Pro-Ser, N-Carbamylglutamate, D-gluconate, and Gamma-Glutamylcysteine. Carcass quality showed that SP2 decreased the abdominal fat percentage (p ≤ 0.05). Nitrogen digestibility was higher by the diet RP (p ≤ 0.05). This study demonstrated that protein content could be reduced up to 4.5% with 1% glycine and 0.1% cysteine fortification in diet, which has the potential to inhibit the adverse effect of reduced protein and attain the standard growth performance.

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Effect of Azomite With Low Energy Diet on Growth, Carcass Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes in Broiler Chickens

10.47363/jalp/2020(1)105 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Pirzado Shoaib Ahmed ◽

◽

Wu Zhengke ◽

Liu Jiao ◽

Aijuan Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Low Energy ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Carcass Performance ◽

Present Trial ◽

Low Energy Diet

The present trial was investigated the dietary effect of Azomite with low energy on growth, carcass and biochemical indexes in broiler chickens. A total of 180 AA broiler chicks were randomly allotted in to three treatment groups with six replicates and 10 birds/replicate: Control fed a basal diet, (2) Low ME fed (basal diet -100kcal kg1 (3) AZO-0.25 fed (Low ME +AZO-0.25). The results showed that, birds fed diet with AZO-0.25 had higher average daily gain (ADG) than that in Low ME group (P>0.05), while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower (P>0.05) compared to Low ME. Percentage of eviscerated carcass, breast muscle and leg muscle were higher significantly (P<0.05) in the AZO-0.25 than Low ME. Serum TP, IgG and CT levels significantly (P<0.05) higher in AZO-0.25 than Low ME. Overall, 0.25% Azomite showed positive effect on growth and carcass performance and it could compensate the negative effect of low-energy diet for broiler chickens by improving the digestion and utilization of nutrients.

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Growth Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens Treated with Natural Kaolin

World s Veterinary Journal ◽

10.54203/scil.2021.wvj4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Somayia ElHag ◽

Ali Abdel Motelib ◽

Mosaad A. Soltan ◽

Mohamed Abdel Gawad

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Bone Development ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Bactericidal Activities

The The use of Kaolin as an inert ingredient in feed has been very common in the poultry industry. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different inclusion rates of Egyptian kaolinite in broiler chickens’ diet on growth performance, immune response, some blood serum changes, and bone development. A total of 240 unsexed one-day-old Avian 48 breed chickens were used in this experiment. The chickens were individually weighed and randomly allotted into 3 equal groups (80 chickens per each group) and each group was subdivided into 4 replicates (20 chickens per replicate), which received one of the three experimental diets (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0% kaolin for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) during the experimental period (6 weeks). The obtained data revealed that kaolin addition at the dose of 0.5 or 1.0% in broiler chickens' diet insignificantly increased final body weight by 4.5% and 4.4%, respectively. On the other hand, it respectively decreased total feed intake by 1.0% and 1.8% and significantly improved the average feed conversion ratio and efficiency of energy utilization throughout the whole experimental period compared to the control. Moreover, kaolin addition had no adverse effect on the serum lipid profile and improved antioxidative activity through reduced nitric oxide and lipid peroxidase (malondialdehyde) concentrations or increased the activities of Glutathione peroxide, Catalase, and Superoxide dismutases in serum or liver tissues. Lysosomal and bactericidal activities were increased with kaolin addition at both levels in the broiler chickens’ diets. The present results suggested that the broiler chickens’ fed with kaolin-enriched diets improved growth, antioxidant activity, bone mineralization, and immune response.

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The growth performance and immunity of broiler chickens affected by dietary chitosan oligosaccharides

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17914/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hang Zhao ◽

Saikun Pan

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽

Feeding Trials ◽

Factor Α ◽

Necrosis Factor

Abstract Background: The present study aimed to explore the effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides (COs) on the growth performance and immunity of broiler chickens.Methods: Four test diets were supplemented with different doses of COs (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) and formulated. Triplicate groups of broiler chickens were fed with one of the diets ad libitum for 6 weeks. Results: After the end of the feeding trials, oral CO administration improved average daily gain; the activities of digestive amylase, lipase and protease; the activities of serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase; serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IgG, IgM and IgA levels; and reduced feed conversion ratio and malondialdehyde level compared with those of the control group. However, a high dose of CO (150 g/kg) did not further increase its efficiency compared with the moderate dose of CO (100 g/kg). Conclusions: Oral CO administration improved the growth performance and immunity of juvenile broiler chickens and could be used as a feed supplement.

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Effects of Weaning Age at 21 and 28 Days on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Redox Status in Piglets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2169

Author(s):

Dongxu Ming ◽

Wenhui Wang ◽

Caiyun Huang ◽

Zijie Wang ◽

Chenyu Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Redox Status ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Study Objective ◽

Entire Experimental Period ◽

Diarrhea Incidence ◽

Better Than

The study objective was to assess effects of different weaning ages on growth performance, intestinal morphology and redox status in Duroc × Landrace × Large White piglets (n = 96) fed diets without antibiotic growth promoters. Piglets were selected from 24 litters based on similar body weight at 14 d of age. All piglets were allocated to two groups in a completely random design with six replicates and eight pigs per replicate (four barrows and four gilts), which were weaned at 21 (n = 48; BW = 6.87 ± 0.33 kg) and 28 (n = 48; BW = 8.49 ± 0.41 kg) days of age. After weaning, pigs were fed a corn–soybean meal-based diet. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion (F:G), diarrhea incidence, gastrointestinal pH, intestinal morphology and redox status were determined. Pigs weaned at 28 d displayed increased ADG from d 8 to 14 (p < 0.01) compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. Pigs weaned at 28 d had a higher ADFI from d 0 to 7 (p < 0.01), d 8 to 14 (p < 0.01), d 15 to 28 (p < 0.05) and during the entire experimental period (p < 0.01) compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. Pigs weaned at 21 d had an improved F:G from d 15 to 28 (p < 0.05) compared with pigs weaned at 28 d. Pigs weaned at 28 d had decreased diarrhea incidence from d 8 to 14 (p < 0.01) and the entire experimental period (p < 0.01) compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. On d 28, the pH of the stomach contents in pigs weaned at 21 d was significantly higher compared with pigs weaned at 28 d (p < 0.01). On d 14, the morphology of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in pigs weaned at 28 d was improved compared with pigs weaned at 21 d. During the experiment period, the antioxidant abilities of pigs weaned at 28 d of the heart, liver, kidney, intestinal and serum were better than pigs weaned at 21 d. In conclusion, intestinal morphology, pH of the stomach and antioxidant status of pigs weaned at 28 d were better than pigs weaned at 21 d. These factors supported better growth performance and decreased diarrhea incidence.

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The effect of herbal feed additive on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-62-33-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 33-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krzysztof Lipiński ◽

Zofia Antoszkiewicz ◽

Sylwia Kotlarczyk ◽

Magdalena Mazur-Kuśnirek ◽

Joanna Kaliniewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Efficiency Index ◽

Energy Concentration ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Feed Conversion

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of herbal feed additive on growth performance, carcass characteristics, the chemical composition of breast muscles and selected meat quality parameters in broiler chickens. The experiment was performed on 1080 Ross 308 chickens, which were randomly divided into six groups with six replicates per group. In experimental groups, dietary energy concentration was reduced by 0.10 or 0.25 MJ kg−1, and the diets were or were not supplemented with the Superliv herbal formula at 500 g t−1 of diet. A statistical analysis revealed that Superliv had a beneficial influence on the final body weights (BWs) of birds, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), European Efficiency Index (EEI) and the proportion of heart relative to total carcass weight. However, meat acidity measured 15 min post mortem was higher in experimental groups. A decrease in dietary energy concentration contributed to a highly significant increase in the water-holding capacity (WHC) of meat and natural drip loss, an increase in pH15, an increase in color lightness, a decrease in redness, an increase in the fat content of meat, and a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration.

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Partial and Total Replacement of Soybean Meal with Full-Fat Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) Larvae Meal in Broiler Chicken Diets: Impact on Growth Performance, Carcass Quality and Meat Quality

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11092715 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2715

Author(s):

Daria Murawska ◽

Tomasz Daszkiewicz ◽

Wiesław Sobotka ◽

Michał Gesek ◽

Dorota Witkowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Control Diet ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Taste Intensity ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Meal Protein

The aim of this study was to compare selected growth performance parameters and slaughter characteristics in broiler chickens fed diets with a different content of full-fat Hermetia illucens L. (HI) larvae meal. The experiment was performed on 384 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) reared to 42 d of age and assigned to four dietary treatments (HI0—control diet and diets where soybean meal protein (SBM) was replaced with HI protein in 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively). The final body weights of chickens were as follows: 3010.0 g (HI0), 2650.0 g (HI50), 2590.0 g (HI75) and 2375.0 g (H100, p < 0.05). The carcasses of chickens from the experimental groups contained less meat and more abdominal fat. The feed conversion ratio for the entire experimental period was similar in groups HI0, HI50 and HI75 and more desirable than in group HI100 (p < 0.05). The meat of broiler chickens from groups HI75 and HI100 was characterized by significantly (p < 0.05) lower juiciness and taste intensity than the meat of birds from groups HI0 and HI50. The replacement of SBM protein with full-fat HI larvae meal in broiler diets exceeding 50% significantly compromised the growth performance of birds and the carcass and meat quality.

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Effects of daidzein on growth performance, blood metabolites and meat quality of finishing Xianan beef cattle

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859619000340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 157 (2) ◽

pp. 169-175

Author(s):

H. Liang ◽

X. H. Zhao ◽

K. Pan ◽

L. J. Xu ◽

Z. H. Yi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Lower Shear

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing different amounts of daidzein in a diet on the growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and meat quality of finishing beef cattle. Thirty finishing Xianan steers were distributed in three groups equilibrated by weight and fed three different dietary treatments (concentrate ratio = 80%): (1) control; (2) 500 mg/kg daidzein and (3) 1000 mg/kg daidzein, respectively. Steers were slaughtered after an 80-day feeding trial. Results showed that daidzein supplementation had no effect on the final body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion rate of steers. Steers fed with 1000 mg/kg daidzein had greater dry matter intake than those fed with control diets. Compared with the control group, the 1000 mg/kg daidzein group had a higher fat thickness, lower shear force and lightness. The pH, drip loss, cooking loss, redness (a*), yellowness (b*), moisture, ash, crude protein and intramuscular fat of the Longissimus dorsi muscle were unaffected by daidzein supplementation. Compared with the control group, the 1000 mg/kg daidzein group significantly increased the serum concentrations of insulin, free fatty acid and Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. The 500 mg/kg daidzein group significantly increased the serum concentration of tetraiodothyronine compared with the control group. Supplemental daidzein did not affect the blood antioxidant ability and blood immune parameters in serum. In conclusion, daidzein supplementation above 500 mg/day modifies feed intake and metabolic and hormonal profile, with positive and negative effects on meat quality.

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Effects of Microencapsulated Blends of Organics Acids (OA) and Essential Oils (EO) as a Feed Additive for Broiler Chicken. A Focus on Growth Performance, Gut Morphology and Microbiology

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030442 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandro Stamilla ◽

Antonino Messina ◽

Sabrina Sallemi ◽

Lucia Condorelli ◽

Francesco Antoci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Gut Morphology ◽

Dietary Treatments

The goal of the trial was testing the effects of a blend of organic acids and essential oils dietary supplementation on growth performance and gut healthiness in broiler chickens. In total, 420 male Ross 308 chicks (1-day old) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: basal (BD) and organic acids and essential oils (OA&EO) diets (three replicates/treatment; 70 broilers/replicate). BD group received commercial diets whereas OA&EO group basal diets + 5 g/kg of microencapsulated organic acids and essential oils. OA&EO treatment improved the average daily gain (p < 0.01) and feed conversion ratio at 37–47 days compared to BD treatment. OA&EO treatment improved gut morphology mostly at ileum and duodenum levels in terms of villi height, crypt depth, number of villi, mucosa thickness and villi area at 24 and 34 sampling days. A certain selective action against Clostridium perfringens in ileum of OA&EO group was shown at 33 (p = 0.053) and 46 days (p = 0.09) together with lower median values for Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, Mesophilic bacteria and Clostridium perfringens at ceca level. Overall, organic acids and essential oils supplementation improved growth performance in the final growth stage and some morphological gut traits and reduced to a certain extent Clostridium perfringens count in ileum.

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