scholarly journals Plant Acceptance for Oviposition of Tetranychus urticae on Strawberry Leaves Is Influenced by Aromatic Plants in Laboratory and Greenhouse Intercropping Experiments

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Teruhiko Hata ◽  
Vinádio Lucas Béga ◽  
Maurício Ursi Ventura ◽  
Francine dos Santos Grosso ◽  
José Eduardo Poloni da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Female Mite ◽  
Arena Test ◽  
Plant Acceptance ◽  
Chinese Chives

The objective was to evaluate aromatic plants’ effects on the acceptance, preference, egg load, and life span of females of the twospotted spider mite (TSSM) in laboratory experiments and TSSM population under aromatic plants’ intercropping in greenhouse experiments. The pseudofruits production was also evaluated. For the laboratory, basil’s, Chinese chives’, chives’, and garlic’s influence on TSSM were tested on strawberry leaves. Four laboratory experiments were conducted: (1) Multiple choice test; (2) T-shaped arena test; (3) host–plant acceptance on aromatic plant or strawberry leaves; and (4) performance of TSSMs on strawberry leaves under aromatic plant influence. For the greenhouse experiments, assessments of the TSSM populations were realized by observing TSSM with a 10× magnifying glass on strawberry leaves in a monocrop or intercropped with Chinese chives, chives, garlic, or onion. Pseudofruit production was evaluated. Our results show that strawberry leaves were strongly preferred by TSSM. The T-shaped arena test revealed that all aromatic plants repel the TSSM. The test with the performance of TSSM females revealed that aromatic plants affected the mite’s biological parameters. Chinese chives reduced the number of eggs laid per day by 33.22%, whereas garlic reduced the number by 17.30% and chives reduced it by 12.46%. The total number of eggs was reduced by 34.79% with Chinese chives and 25.65% with garlic. Greenhouse experiments showed that chives reduced TSSM populations on two cycles and Chinese chives and garlic reduced TSSM populations on the first cycle only. With our findings, we suggest that Chinese chives, chives, and garlic are the primary candidates for intercropping use against TSSM. Chinese chives and garlic reduced the total number of eggs, but only garlic reduced female mite longevity. However, none of the intercropping plants improved strawberry pseudofruit production.

Nicosulfuron Resistance and Metabolism in Terbufos- and Naphthalic Anhydride-Treated Corn

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balazs Siminszky ◽  
Frederick T. Corbin ◽  
Yvonna Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Target Enzyme

Synergistic interaction between the insecticide terbufos and the herbicide nicosulfuron may result in severe injury to corn. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if using the imidazolinone-resistant corn ‘Pioneer-3343 IR’ (P-3343 IR) or coating corn seeds with naphthalic anhydride (NA) would reduce herbicidal injury imposed by the nicosulfuron-terbufos interaction. Greenhouse experiments showed nicosulfuron-terbufos interactions resulting in herbicidal injury in both P-3343 IR and ‘DeKalb 689’ (D-689) corn varieties, but the D-689 was more sensitive than the P-3343 IR corn. The greenhouse experiments also demonstrated protection against the nicosulfuron-terbufos interaction by NA seed treatments. Studies with radiolabeled nicosulfuron showed that terbufos inhibited the metabolism of nicosulfuron, but pretreatment of D-689 and P-3343 IR corn seed with NA decreased the inhibition in excised corn leaves. The differences in sensitivity to nicosulfuron in the two corn varieties resulted in part from the differential metabolism and primarily from the differential sensitivity of the target enzyme, acetolactate synthase, to the herbicide.

Development of nestling blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) is affected by experimental addition of aromatic plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Bárbara A Pires ◽  
Anabela DF Belo ◽  
Fernanda Diamantino ◽  
João E Rabaça ◽  
Santiago Merino
Keyword(s):  
Resource Competition ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Tarsus Length ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nestling Development ◽  
Nestling Survival ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Blue Tits

Some passerines incorporate aromatic plants in their nest cups, and several hypotheses have been formulated to explain this behaviour. One of those, the Drug Hypothesis, states that aromatic plants present in nests have positive effects on nestlings’ development through increased immune function. In this study, we aimed to examine if experimental addition of aromatic plants had positive effects on reproductive performance (the number of fledglings produced and nestling survival rate) and nestling development (weight and tarsus length). In addition, we study whether those potential effects were more noticeable in different brood sizes–small and large–through an observational approach. We expect that large broods, due to increased resource competition between nestlings, will benefit more from aromatic plant incorporation, as compared to small broods. Nestlings were significantly heavier in 2015 as compared to 2016 and 2017 and in small broods. No effect of treatment was observed in nestling weight. Although there was no overall effect of treatment on nestling tarsus length, nestlings from aromatic nests had significantly longer tarsi as compared to nestlings from control nests, in large broods.

Human situations: a course introducing physiology to medical students.

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Hansen ◽  
K B Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Criterion Referenced

A block course of 12 days is described. It is considered to be appropriate for both physiologically naive and sophisticated students entering either a traditional or a problem-based curriculum. It is adaptable for medical schools in both developed and developing countries. Six problem-based small-group sessions, based on everyday human situations, are the core of the course. They are supplemented by a lecture series, laboratory experiments using student volunteers as subjects, laboratory demonstrations, and patient presentations. Student assessment is carried out by criterion-referenced examinations using take-home assignments, oral examinations, and a multiple-choice test containing context-dependent questions. The course is well received by students and faculty. Pre- and posttesting show that all students acquire a basic understanding of physiological control systems and of homeostatic mechanisms as they operate in intact human beings.

Biochemical Effects of Imazapic on Bermudagrass Growth Regulation, Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) Control, and MSMA Antagonism

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Donn G. Shilling ◽  
Mark A. Czarnota ◽  
Christopher R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Biochemical Effects

Broomsedge populations have increased substantially over the last decade on roadsides in Georgia. The invasiveness of this species might have resulted from imazapic use for bermudagrass growth regulation and the limited use of MSMA on roadsides. The objectives of this research were to evaluate (1) differential growth inhibition of bermudagrass and broomsedge to imazapic, (2) susceptibility of isolated acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzymes of bermudagrass and broomsedge to imazapic, (3) broomsedge control with tank mixtures of imazapic with MSMA, and (4) the influence of imazapic on absorption and translocation of14C-MSMA. In greenhouse experiments, imazapic reduced bermudagrass shoot biomass ~ 2 times more from the nontreated than broomsedge. Isolated ALS enzymes of bermudagrass were ~ 100 times more susceptible to inhibition by imazapic than broomsedge. In field experiments, imazapic provided no control of broomsedge, but MSMA alone controlled broomsedge 81% at 12 mo after initial treatments (MAIT). Broomsedge control was reduced to 45% when MSMA was tank mixed with imazapic at 12 MAIT. In laboratory experiments, imazapic tank mixtures did not reduce broomsedge absorption or translocation of14C-MSMA. Overall, bermudagrass is more susceptible to imazapic due to greater target-site inhibition than broomsedge. Results emphasize the importance of MSMA use for broomsedge control, but agronomists should avoid tank mixtures with imazapic to reduce potential antagonism.

scholarly journals Chemical Profiles and Anti-termite Activity of Hydrodistillation Residues From Three Aromatic Plants Acclimated in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Assétou Sankara ◽  
Jean Claude W. Ouédraogo ◽  
Luc Pignolet ◽  
Marie-France Thévenon ◽  
Yvonne L. Bonzi-Coulibaly
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dried Extract

Distillation process of aromatic plants produces a considerable amount of solid residues, which are rich in secondary metabolites known as bioactive compounds. In this context, residues from hydrodistillation of selected aromatic plants such as Mentha piperita L., Cymbopogon citratus Stapf and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh, have been studied for their total polyphenol content using Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) method, total flavonoid content using aluminium chlorid (AlCl3) and antioxidant properties were determined as DPPH radical-scavenging ability (IC50). The anti-termite activity was evaluated by a direct non-choice test. The higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.20 mg/ml) and polyphenols content (224.32 mg GAE/g of dried extract) were showed with E. camaldulensis aqueous extract. However, M. piperita and C. citratus ethanolic extracts showed higher flavonoid content (190.99 and 185.19 mg QE/g of dried extract). The most active extract against termite Reticulitermes flavipes was E. camaldulensis ethanolic extract presenting toxicity at 5% and 10% w/w as concentrations. All these data showed that strategic extraction of residues from hydrodistillation can provide interesting bioactive compounds as novel anti-termite agents in plants protection and allow to give an added-value to aromatic plants.

scholarly journals Reproductive Traits of Ontsira mellipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a North American Parasitoid, as a Novel Biological Control Agent for Exotic Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2112-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingeng Wang ◽  
Ellen M Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Host Size ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Asian Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Egg Maturation

Abstract Ontsira mellipes Ashmead is a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of woodboring cerambycids that is native to North America but can readily attack the exotic Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). To evaluate the potential of the parasitoid as a novel association control agent for the pest beetle, this study investigated some key reproductive traits of the parasitoid, including egg maturation dynamics, and host size preference and suitability in association with the beetle. Results showed that female wasps emerged with a substantial portion (38%) of their lifetime complement of mature eggs and matured eggs rapidly, reaching a peak 4–6 d post-eclosion. The number of mature eggs was positively related to the female wasp’s body size. Oviposition prompted production of more mature eggs by young female wasps. The parasitoid did not show a significant preference for large over small hosts in a choice test. Host size did not affect the parasitoid’s offspring survival, developmental time, or sex ratio. However, clutch size increased with increasing host size. Female wasps that developed from large hosts had larger body size and consequently a higher mature egg load than those reared from small hosts. Neither longevity nor the total number of parasitized hosts over a female’s lifetime was affected by the female’s size, but the total number of offspring produced per female increased with the female’s size. These results have important implications for improving rearing and field-release strategies as well as understanding the ecological mechanisms underlying host size selection in gregarious parasitoids.

The Utilization of Aromatic Plant Waste Resource

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3561-3565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yong Zhu ◽  
Zuo Bing Xiao ◽  
Ru Jun Zhou ◽  
Yun Wei Niu ◽  
Feng Ping Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Rational Utilization ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Plant Waste

Biomass is an important renewable and sustainable source. Aromatic plants are biomasses and are widely used in the fragrance industry. The recovery of aromatic plant wastes is important not only for the prevention of environmental issues, but also for the rational utilization of natural resources. In this paper, the utilization of aromatic plant waste resource is depicted. The prospects of utilization of rose waste are offered.

scholarly journals The role of thaumatin II in cucumber resistance against Tetranychus urticae Koch: laboratory and greenhouse evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kiełkiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Czarnecka ◽  
Sławomir Orzechowski ◽  
Maria Szwacka
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Greenhouse Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plant Acceptance ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

The role of thaumatin II in cucumber resistance againstTetranychus urticaeKoch: laboratory and greenhouse evaluationThe role of thaumatin II in the resistance of transgenic cucumber plants of the T6 generation against the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) (Tetranychus urticaeC. L. Koch 1836, Acari: Tetranychidae) was determined in greenhouse experiments evaluating: (1) mite behaviour towards cucumber lines (T224 09, T212 01, T210 06) differing in the level of thaumatin II expression, (2) mite reproductive capacity, (3) mite colonisation ability, and (4) mite leaf damage. Additionally, using Western blot, the presence of thaumatin II in leaves of transgenic cucumber plants of the T6 generation was analysed before and after TSSM feeding. Even plants with a relatively high leaf thaumatin II level (T224 09 and T212 01) were equally well accepted by TSSM in a ‘free-choice’ test, which excludes thaumatin II as an important factor in the process of host plant acceptance. However, a reduced fecundity of mite females and a lower, than in the control, number of mites found in the period of permanent feeding on thaumatin-rich plants, indicate a putative role of thaumatin II in the plant-mite interactions. The lack of a clear relationship between the level of thaumatin II and plant resistance to TSSM may be a sign that thaumatin II is not a direct factor involved in antibiosis. In response to TSSM, the thaumatin II content decreases, increases, or remains unchanged in mite-infested leaves, which excludes thaumatin II as being directly involved in induced defence.

scholarly journals ACHIVEMENTS OF BREEDING PROGRAM FOR SPICY FLAVOURING AND AROMATIC PLANTS

2011 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
V.A. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Vegetable Breeding ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The last 10 years achievements of breeding program for spicy, flavouring and aromatic plant crops at All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (VNIISSOK) are shown. The concise descriptions of some horticulturally valuable traits among new developed varieties selected at VNIISSOK were given.

scholarly journals Ecological diversity of Hungarian medicinal and aromatic plant flora and its regional consequences

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bernáth ◽  
É. Németh
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Regional Specialisation

During the last century the medicinal and aromatic plant sector has became a successful part of the Hungarian Agriculture. Some of the national products have been accepted as a special Hungarian ones ("Hungaricum"), evaluated on the world market, respectfully. By the estimates the cultivation area of medicinal and aromatic plants increased up to 37,000-42,000 hectares and considerable amount — about 10, 000-15, 000 tonnes of dry biomass — are produced by utilisation of Hungarian indigenous flora, year by year. In the present work ecological requirements of 97 collected and 55 cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants are characterised. Based on the analysis of -Ts (temperature regime values) about 63 per cent of cultivated species came from Submediterranean and Mediterranean type of habitat, originally, while the majority of collected plants (61.8 per cent of them) prefer the deciduous forest conditions. The differences between collected and cultivated species are appreciable too, if the distributions of their characteristic water regime ('W' values) are compared. The majority of cultivated species require dry (moderate dry) and fresh (moderate fresh) habitats, while the amplitude of water requirement of collected species is much more wide-ranging. The regional specialisation of Hungary according to production of medicinal and aromatic plants is known from the beginnings of the 20th century. As a result of spontaneous process seven well-defined production areas were developed. The relationship between regions, their climatic conditions and spectrum of species produced there are analysed.  

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