Exogenous Application of Sucrose Promotes Postharvest Ripening of Kiwifruit

Sucrose is an important component of fruit flavor, but whether sucrose signaling affects the postharvest ripening process of kiwifruit is unclear. The aim of this article was to study the effect of sucrose application on postharvest kiwifruit ripening to clarify the effect of sucrose in this process. Our present study found that exogenous sucrose can promote ethylene synthesis, which increases the ethylene content during fruit ripening, thereby accelerating the ripening and softening of kiwifruit after harvest. A significantly higher expression of AcACS1 and AcACO2 was found in sucrose-treated fruits compared to that in mannitol-treated fruits. Blocking the ethylene signal significantly inhibited the sucrose-modulated expression of most selected ripening-related genes. Sucrose transport is essential for sucrose accumulation in fruits; therefore, we isolated the gene family related to sucrose transport in kiwifruit and analyzed the gene expression of its members. The results show that AcSUT1 and AcTST1 expression increased with fruit ripening and AcSUT4 expression decreased with ripening, indicating that they may have different roles in the regulation of fruit ripening. Additionally, many cis-elements associated with phytohormones and sugar responses were found in the promoter of the three genes, which suggests that they were transcriptionally regulated by sugar signal and phytohormones. This study demonstrates the effect of sucrose on postharvest ripening of kiwifruit, providing a good foundation for further research.

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Identification of a Gene Encoding Glutamate Decarboxylase Involved in the Postharvest Fruit Ripening Process in Banana

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.49.8.1056 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 1056-1060 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wei Hu ◽

Ju-Hua Liu ◽

Xiao-Ying Yang ◽

Jian-Bin Zhang ◽

Cai-Hong Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Ripening ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Ripening Process ◽

Climacteric Fruit ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Postharvest Ripening ◽

Exogenous Ethylene

The banana, a typical climacteric fruit, undergoes a postharvest ripening process followed by a burst in ethylene production that signals the beginning of the climacteric period. Postharvest ripening plays an important role in improving the quality of the fruit as well as limiting its shelf life. To investigate the role of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in climacteric ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening in postharvest banana, a GAD gene was isolated from banana, designated MuGAD. Coincidently with climacteric ethylene production, MuGAD expression as well as the expression of the genes encoding the Musa 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (MaACS1) and Musa 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (MaACO1) greatly increased during natural ripening and in ethylene-treated banana. Moreover, ethylene biosynthesis, ripening progress, and MuGAD, MaACS1, and MaACO1 expression were enhanced by exogenous ethylene application and inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Taken together, our results suggested that MuGAD is involved in the fruit ripening process in postharvest banana.

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Reduction of Tomato Post-Harvest Losses by Using 1-Methylcyclopropene

Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Alimentos ◽

10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.6 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Marcos Vieira da Silva ◽

Cassia Inês Lourenzi Franco Rosa ◽

Adimilson Bosco Chitarra

Keyword(s):

Fruit Ripening ◽

Tomato Plant ◽

The Other ◽

Ethylene Synthesis ◽

Tomato Fruits ◽

Ripening Process ◽

Post Harvest ◽

The World ◽

Plant Culture ◽

Useful Life

Tomato is one of the most produced and consumed olericole plants in the world, being a highly perishable fruit, which presents high levels of losses in the post-harvest period. As a form of reducing these losses, it is necessary to know the product physiology. The fruit-ripening phase involves changes in the sensorial characteristics that are unchained by ethylene, a hormone naturally synthesized within the cells and liberated in the form of gas. Ethylene can also be applied on an exogenous way, thus accelerating and making even the ripening of fruits as the tomato. On the other hand, the ripening process can be delayed with the use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, thus prolonging the useful life in the post-harvest period. In the present investigation, with the purpose of a literature revision, in a general way, it was to demonstrate the forms of controlling the ripening of tomato fruits, in the post-harvest period, in order to prevent and reduce losses. The collected data showed that, with better care during the fruit handling and, mainly, with the use of different technologies, as the application of 1-MCP, post-harvest losses in tomato plant culture can be reduced significantly. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.116">http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.6</a>

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306 DECREASED ETHYLENE SYNTHESIS AND ALTERED FRUIT RIPENING IN TRANSGENIC TOMATOES EXPRESSING S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE HYDROIASE

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.474b ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 474b-474

Author(s):

Richard Bestwick ◽

X. Good ◽

J. Kelloogg ◽

D. Langhoff ◽

W. Matsumura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Ripening ◽

Leaf Disc ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Cellular Protein ◽

Ethylene Synthesis ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Western Blots ◽

Postharvest Ripening ◽

Transgenic Tomatoes ◽

Disc Assay

The gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase (SAMase) was transferred to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, cv. large red cherry) as a means of reducing ethylene biosynthesis in the ripening fruit. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the penultimate precursor to ethylene in plants. is converted to methylthioadenosine and homoserine by SAMase thereby reducing the capacity of the transgenic plant to synthesize ethylene. We have used both constitutive and fruit-specific tomato promoters to regulate SAMase gene expression. Whereas the constitutive CaMV 35S:SAMase chimeric gene expressed active SAMase and conferred a 50-60% reduction in ethylene biosynthesis in a leaf disc assay, there was little effect on fruit ethylene synthesis or postharvest ripening physiology. The use of either the tomato E4 or E8 promoters restricted SAMase expression to ripening fruit which caused a substantial (80-90%) reduction in fruit ethylene synthesis and a profound effect on fruit ripening. SAMase expression levels reached 0.1% of total cellular protein as measured on western blots using anti-SAMase monoclonal antibodies. Field trial fruit picked al the mature green stage accumulated less lycopene and were twice as firm as controls over a six week period. Vine-ripened fruit had near-normal levels of lycopene, were firmer at harvest than controls, and did not lose firmness over a two week period. Taste, vitamin content and tomatine content were superior or equivalent to control tomatoes.

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QTL Across Fruit Development in Red Raspberry, A Study of A Primocane X Biennial Raspberry Population.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-137842/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Graham ◽

Kay Smith ◽

Katrin MacKenzie ◽

Linda Milne ◽

Nikki Jennings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

Genetic Control ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Developmental Process ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Ripening Process ◽

Second Year

Abstract Background The changing climate is altering timing of key fruit ripening processes and increasing the occurrence of fruit defects. This work aimed to expand our knowledge of the genetic control of the ripening process in raspberry by examining a biennial x primocane F1 population to determine if the progeny exhibited both primocane and biennial flowering modes, which if any was dominant, and to identify QTL and genome locations associated with fruit development to understand how developmental control in this population differs from a biennial x biennial F1 population previously studied. Results The progeny from this biennial x primocane population exhibited primocane fruiting completing their lifecycle in a single season and also fruiting on second-year wood not removed in season one. QTL associated with rate of fruit development were identified on both primocane and fruiting canes with both parents impacting. Conclusions Novel QTL associated with the developmental process of primocane fruiting were identified. These in the main, differed from developmental QTL for similar developmental stages on fruiting canes (second year canes) with only one significant overlap on linkage group 6. In general, the process of development on fruiting canes overall differed from that in a biennial x biennial population, with the differences being greatest on linkage groups 3 and 6 suggesting control of development differs in the different fruiting types. Further understanding will be achieved by examining genome regions linked to QTL to allow breeding to meet climate requirements for yield stability.

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Ethylene induces soil microbes to delay fruit ripening

10.7287/peerj.preprints.506v1 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Guenevere Perry ◽

Diane Williams

Keyword(s):

Fruit Ripening ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Soil Microbes ◽

Low Cost ◽

Ripening Process ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Climacteric Fruit ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Transportation Container ◽

Post Harvest Loss

The consumer demand for fresh fruits and vegetables increases every year, and farmers need a low cost novel method to reduce post-harvest loss and preserve the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. This study identifies a method to induce soil bacteria to biosynthesize a nitrile compound that potentially enters the plants tissue and negatively affects climacteric ripening and delays the ripening process at 20-30˚C. This study used soil rich with soil microbes, to delay the ripening of climacteric fruit. The soil was treated with nitrogen, a heavy metal, and ethylene gas. Ethylene induced the soil to delay the ripening of organic bananas and peaches. A prototype transportation container maintained fruit fresh for up to 72 h at 20-30˚C. The fruit retained color, firmness, texture, no bruising and minimal spotting. The soil also prevented fungal infection in all samples. GC-MS analysis suggests ethylene induced the soil microbes to release an acetonitrile compound into the gaseous environment. The nitrile is released in low concentrations, but mature plants (fruits) contain very low levels of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The nitrile may obstruct or modify the mature plants (fruit) late stages development process, thus delay the climacteric ripening process and retarding the physiological and phenotypic effects of fruit ripening. We believe this study may have strong applications for post-harvest biotechnology.

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Ethylene-auxin crosstalk regulates postharvest fruit ripening process in apple

Fruit Research ◽

10.48130/frures-2021-0013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (0) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Nicola Busatto ◽

◽

Alice Tadiello ◽

Marco Moretto ◽

Brian Farneti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Ripening ◽

Ripening Process

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Transcriptome profiling by RNA-Seq reveals differentially expressed genes related to fruit development and ripening characteristics in strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4976 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4976 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Panpan Hu ◽

Gang Li ◽

Xia Zhao ◽

Fengli Zhao ◽

Liangjie Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Fragaria Ananassa ◽

Mads Box ◽

Cell Wall Modification ◽

Ripening Process ◽

Fruit Development And Ripening

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an ideal plant for fruit development and ripening research due to the rapid substantial changes in fruit color, aroma, taste, and softening. To gain deeper insights into the genes that play a central regulatory role in strawberry fruit development and ripening characteristics, transcriptome profiling was performed for the large green fruit, white fruit, turning fruit, and red fruit stages of strawberry. A total of 6,608 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 2,643 up-regulated and 3,965 down-regulated genes were identified in the fruit development and ripening process. The DEGs related to fruit flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose biosynthesis, the citrate cycle, and cell-wall modification enzymes played important roles in the fruit development and ripening process. Particularly, some candidate genes related to the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway and MADS-box were confirmed to be involved in fruit development and ripening according to their possible regulatory functions. A total of fiveubiquitin-conjugating enzymesand 10MADS-box transcription factorswere differentially expressed between the four fruit ripening stages. The expression levels of DEGs relating to color, aroma, taste, and softening of fruit were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our study provides important insights into the complicated regulatory mechanism underlying the fruit ripening characteristics inFragaria × ananassa.

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Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) in Durio zibethinus and identification of fruit ripening-associated DzCAMTAs

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-08022-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Iqbal ◽

Mohammed Shariq Iqbal ◽

Lalida Sangpong ◽

Gholamreza Khaksar ◽

Supaart Sirikantaramas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Ripening ◽

Developmental Process ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Transcription Activator ◽

Ripening Process ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Calmodulin Binding ◽

Durio Zibethinus ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Recognition Motifs

Abstract Background Fruit ripening is an intricate developmental process driven by a highly coordinated action of complex hormonal networks. Ethylene is considered as the main phytohormone that regulates the ripening of climacteric fruits. Concomitantly, several ethylene-responsive transcription factors (TFs) are pivotal components of the regulatory network underlying fruit ripening. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) is one such ethylene-induced TF implicated in various stress and plant developmental processes. Results Our comprehensive analysis of the CAMTA gene family in Durio zibethinus (durian, Dz) identified 10 CAMTAs with conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis of DzCAMTAs, positioned DzCAMTA3 with its tomato ortholog that has already been validated for its role in the fruit ripening process through ethylene-mediated signaling. Furthermore, the transcriptome-wide analysis revealed DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 as the highest expressing durian CAMTA genes. These two DzCAMTAs possessed a distinct ripening-associated expression pattern during post-harvest ripening in Monthong, a durian cultivar native to Thailand. The expression profiling of DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 under natural ripening conditions and ethylene-induced/delayed ripening conditions substantiated their roles as ethylene-induced transcriptional activators of ripening. Similarly, auxin-suppressed expression of DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 confirmed their responsiveness to exogenous auxin treatment in a time-dependent manner. Accordingly, we propose that DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 synergistically crosstalk with ethylene during durian fruit ripening. In contrast, DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 antagonistically with auxin could affect the post-harvest ripening process in durian. Furthermore, DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 interacting genes contain significant CAMTA recognition motifs and regulated several pivotal fruit-ripening-associated pathways. Conclusion Taken together, the present study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the structure and probable function of CAMTA genes in the post-harvest ripening of durian.

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