Molecular Genetic Analysis of Drought Stress Response Traits in Brachypodium spp.

The root is the organ responsible for the uptake of water and therefore has a very important role in drought tolerance. The aims of the present work were to characterize nine traits of the root system architecture (RSA) and the shoot dry weight (W) of twelve genotypes of Brachypodium spp. under water stress and to establish the relationship between RSA phenotyping traits and SSRs. Two culture media, one standard (SM) and one (PEG) to induced water stress have been used. In SM medium, B. stacei had the highest values of W and all the RSA traits, except the mean diameter of the seminal roots, followed by B. hybridum and B. distachyon. In the PEG medium, root length increased in B. distachyon, decreased in B. hybridum and remained the same in B. stacei. A two-way hierarchical cluster analysis from 117 polymorphic SSRs and the traits of the RSA of the Brachypodium spp. genotypes, was performed. Brachypodium genotypes were separated into three groups corresponding to each species. In the second way of the hierarchical clustering association were observed between five RSA variables and SSR markers, which could be useful in the search for genes or QTLs related to RSA characters.

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Genome-wide association analysis unveils novel QTLs for seminal root system architecture traits in Ethiopian durum wheat

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-020-07320-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Admas Alemu ◽

Tileye Feyissa ◽

Marco Maccaferri ◽

Giuseppe Sciara ◽

Roberto Tuberosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Root System ◽

System Architecture ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root System Architecture ◽

High Density ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Seminal Roots

Abstract Background Genetic improvement of root system architecture is essential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of crops or to boost their productivity under stress or non-optimal soil conditions. One hundred ninety-two Ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 historical landraces and 25 modern cultivars were assembled for GWAS analysis to identify QTLs for root system architecture (RSA) traits and genotyped with a high-density 90 K wheat SNP array by Illumina. Results Using a non-roll, paper-based root phenotyping platform, a total of 2880 seedlings and 14,947 seminal roots were measured at the three-leaf stage to collect data for total root length (TRL), total root number (TRN), root growth angle (RGA), average root length (ARL), bulk root dry weight (RDW), individual root dry weight (IRW), bulk shoot dry weight (SDW), presence of six seminal roots per seedling (RT6) and root shoot ratio (RSR). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between accessions for all RSA traits. Four major (− log10P ≥ 4) and 34 nominal (− log10P ≥ 3) QTLs were identified and grouped in 16 RSA QTL clusters across chromosomes. A higher number of significant RSA QTL were identified on chromosome 4B particularly for root vigor traits (root length, number and/or weight). Conclusions After projecting the identified QTLs on to a high-density tetraploid consensus map along with previously reported RSA QTL in both durum and bread wheat, fourteen nominal QTLs were found to be novel and could potentially be used to tailor RSA in elite lines. The major RGA QTLs on chromosome 6AL detected in the current study and reported in previous studies is a good candidate for cloning the causative underlining sequence and identifying the beneficial haplotypes able to positively affect yield under water- or nutrient-limited conditions.

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MODIFICAÇÕES NO MEIO DE CULTURA, FOTOPERÍODO E TEMPO DE CULTIVO AFETAM O ALONGAMENTO E ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE BANANEIRA CV. PACOVAN

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i1.4731 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽

Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto De Carvalho ◽

Fabrina Bolzan Martins

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salt Mixture ◽

Musa Spp ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

No intuito de elevar as taxas de sobrevivência durante a etapa de aclimatização e posterior plantio a campo, avaliou-se o enraizamento in vitro de bananeira cv. Pacovan, em diferentes concentrações de sais MS e de sacarose. Utilizou-se DIC, esquema fatorial (6x2x3), com seis meios de cultura [sendo três concentrações de nutrientes do meio MS (100%; 50% de macronutrientes; e 50% dos sais macro e micronutrientes), e duas concentrações de sacarose (1,5/3,0%)], dois fotoperíodos (12/16 h) e três tempos de cultivo (21, 28 ou 35 dias) e seis repetições/tratamento. Analisaram-se: altura da planta, número de folhas/planta, massas frescas e secas das partes aérea e radicular. Para altura da planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e radicular, o meio MS 50% dos sais + sacarose (1,5%) com fotoperíodo de 16 h e tempo de cultivo de 35 dias foi satisfatório. Para massa seca da parte aérea foi MS 50% de sais + sacarose (3%), e para massa seca da parte radicular, MS 100% + sacarose (3%) (em 12hs/28 dias e 16hs/21 dias). Para o alongamento/enraizamento in vitro da bananeira cv. Pacovan sugere-se MS 50% de sais (macro e micronutrientes), redução ou manutenção de sacarose (1,5 ou 3%) em 16h/35 dias de cultivo.Palavra-chave: Musa spp., propagação in vitro, sistema radicular. CHANGES IN CULTURE MEDIUM, PHOTOPERIOD AND TIME OF CULTIVATION AFFECT THE IN VITRO ELONGATION AND ROOTING OF BANANA CV. PACOVAN ABSTRACT:In order to achieve high rates of survival during the acclimatization and later planting in the field, was evaluated the in vitro of banana cv. Pacovan plants under different concentrations of sucrose and MS basal salt mixture. The experiment was assembled in a DIC, in 6x2x3, six different culture media [three different MS salt mixture concentrations (100%; 50% of macronutrients; and 50% of macro/micronutrients) and two sucrose concentrations (1.5/3%)], two photoperiods (12/16 hours) and three cultivation times (21, 28 or 35 days). Each treatment was composed by 6 replicates. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, were analyzed. Satisfactory results for plant height and shoot and root fresh biomass were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%), 16 hours/35 days. The highest values of shoot dry weight were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%); the highest root dry weight was achieved with MS 100% + sucrose (3%) (12hs/28 and 16hs/21 days). The suggested medium for the in vitro elongation and rooting stage of banana cv. Pacovan is the MS with 50% of salts (macro and micronutrients), reduction or maintenance of sucrose (1.5 or 3%) in 16h/35 days of cultivation.Keywords: Musa spp., in vitro propagation, root system. DOI:

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Marfan Syndrome

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1633999 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 44 (04) ◽

pp. 487-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. Mátyás ◽

B. Steinmann ◽

D. Baumgartner ◽

C. Baumgartner

Keyword(s):

Medical Treatment ◽

Marfan Syndrome ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Early Stage ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽

Missense Mutations ◽

Surgical Interventions

Summary Objectives: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant inherited connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene with variable clinical manifestations in the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and ocular systems. Methods: Data of molecular genetic analysis and a catalogue of clinical manifestations including aortic elastic parameters were mined in order to (i) assess aortic abnormality before and during medical treatment, and to (ii) identify novel correlations between the genotype and phenotype of the disease using hierarchical cluster analysis and logistic regression analysis. A score measure describing the similarity between a patient’s clinical symptoms and a characteristic phenotype class was introduced. Results: A probabilistic model for monitoring the loss of aortic elasticity was built on merely aortic parameters of 34 patients with classic MFS and 43 control subjects showing a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 96%. The clinical phenotypes of 100 individuals with classical or suspected MFS were clustered yielding four different phenotypic expressions. The highest correlation was found between FBN1 missense mutations, which manifested as ectopia lentis, skeletal major and skin minor criteria, and two out of four clustered phenotypes. The probability of the presence of a missense mutation in both phenotype classes is approximately 70%. Conclusions: Monitoring of aortic elastic properties during medical treatment may serve as additional criterion to indicate elective surgical interventions. Genotype-phenotype correlation may contribute to anticipate the clinical consequences of specific FBN1 mutations more comprehensively and may be helpful to identify MFS patients at risk at an early stage of disease.

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Diagnosis of copper deficiency in wheat by plant analysis

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9840347 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 347 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

AD Robson ◽

JF Loneragan ◽

JW Gartrell ◽

K Snowball

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Copper Deficiency ◽

Critical Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Copper Status ◽

Young Leaves ◽

The Relationship ◽

Accurate Indicator

A glasshouse experiment was conducted to define critical concentrations of copper in young leaves of wheat and to investigate the effect of water stress after anthesis on the relationship between yield and copper concentrations in young leaves. The concentration of copper in the youngest fully emerged leaf was a sensitive and accurate indicator of the copper status of wheat. The critical concentration for copper in the youngest fully emerged leaf did not change with the age of the plant. Copper deficiency occurred whenever the concentration of copper in the youngest fully emerged leaf fell below 1.3 �g g-I (dry weight). Water stress after anthesis did not change the relationship between copper concentrations in young leaves and grain yield, although this stress markedly decreased grain yield. In the field there was considerable variability among plants given the same copper treatment in copper concentrations in young leaves. Nevertheless, whenever copper deficiency decreased growth, the average concentration of copper in the youngest fully emerged leaf was less than 1.3 �g g-1.

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Irrigation Affects Landscape Establishment of Burford Holly, Pittosporum, and Sweet Viburnum

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.2.344 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 344-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S.M. Scheiber ◽

E.F. Gilman ◽

M. Paz ◽

K.A. Moore

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Aesthetic Quality ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Ilex Cornuta ◽

Landscape Establishment ◽

Sweet Viburnum ◽

Pittosporum Tobira

Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxt. ‘Burfordii Nana’ (dwarf burford holly), Pittosporum tobira [Dryand]. ‘Variegata’ (pittosporum), and Viburnum odorotissimum Ker Gawl. (sweet viburnum) were transplanted into field plots in an open-sided, clear polyethylene-covered shelter to evaluate growth, aesthetic quality, and establishment rates in response to 2-, 4-, or 7-d irrigation frequencies. Establishment was delayed 1 to 2 months for I. cornuta ‘Burrford Nana’ irrigated every 7 d compared with 2- and 4-d frequencies; however, growth and aesthetic quality were similar among treatments. Plants irrigated every 7 d also had higher cumulative water stress levels. Leaf area, shoot dry weight, and total biomass increased among P. tobira ‘Variegata’ and V. odorotissimum irrigated every 2 d. Pittosporum tobira ‘Variegata’ and V. odorotissimum irrigated every 2 d also had greater canopy size and root dry weight, respectively. Neither cumulative water stress nor establishment was affected by irrigation frequency for either species.

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Drought Tolerance Responses of Purple Lovegrass and ‘Adagio’ Maiden Grass

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.7.1695 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 1695-1699 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Erin Alvarez ◽

S.M. Scheiber ◽

Richard C. Beeson ◽

David R. Sandrock

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Miscanthus Sinensis ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Species Being ◽

Canopy Size

Nonnative Miscanthus sinensis Anderss ‘Adagio’ and native Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. were evaluated for drought tolerance in a rain-excluded landscape setting in sandy soil in response to irrigation application volumes of 0 L, 0.25 L, 0.5 L, or 0.75 L. As irrigation rates increased, plant mass, canopy size, and shoot-to-root ratios increased for both species, being greatest at the 0.75-L rate. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total biomass, and shoot-to-root ratios were greater for E. spectabilis than M. sinensis. Cumulative water stress integral was also greater for E. spectabilis. Greater growth in conjunction with higher cumulative water stress indicates the native E. spectabilis is anisohydric and more drought-tolerant than the isohydric nonnative M. sinensis.

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Adaptation of Trifolium repens × T. uniflorum hybrid clovers to drought stress

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2014.76.2942 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 183-188

Author(s):

Keith Widdup ◽

Shirley Nichols ◽

Warren Williams ◽

Isabelle Verry ◽

Ben Harvey

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

White Clover ◽

Trifolium Repens ◽

Performance Indicator ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Backcross Generation ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is valued for its contribution to pasture quality and utilisation by animals, compatibility with grass, and fixation of nitrogen. However, it is limited by poor adaptation to drought. Hybridisation with Trifolium uniflorum L. may have potential to improve the drought resistance of white clover. An experiment in a rain shelter facility with contrasting moisture treatments, and a field evaluation under dryland conditions, were used to compare the agronomic potential of these interspecific hybrids (ISH) with white clover in moisture limited conditions. In the rain shelter experiment, there were smaller effects of water stress on shoot dry weight (DW), leaf area, internode length and senescence of first backcross generation hybrids compared with white clover and second backcross generation hybrids. Differences in photosynthetic responses were possibly influenced by the effect of root DW allocation on water uptake. In the field evaluation, growth scores of a wider range of hybrid families during summer moisture stress concurred with the results under water stress in the rain shelter. Growth of some ISH families outperformed the best white clover cultivars, particularly in the third and most stressful summer and this result was a key performance indicator of the value of the hybrids for drought prone areas. These findings using early, unselected, hybrid populations indicate the potential for further selection of elite, adapted cultivars from ISH breeding strategies. Keywords: Interspecific clover hybrid, drought resistance, rain shelter, field evaluation

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Grafting onto an Appropriate Rootstock Reduces the Impact on Yield and Quality of Controlled Deficit Irrigated Pepper Crops

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1529

Author(s):

Ramón Gisbert-Mullor ◽

Nuria Pascual-Seva ◽

María Amparo Martínez-Gimeno ◽

Lidia López-Serrano ◽

Eduardo Badal Marín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Irrigation Water Use ◽

Water Potential Measurements ◽

The Impact

In this study, hybrid pepper rootstock NIBER® is tested for its ability to overcome water stress situations under soil conditions. The impact of deficit irrigation (DI) on yield and fruit quality, irrigation water use efficiency is evaluated, and consequently, the agronomic impact of employing water-stress tolerant rootstock is compared to ungrafted pepper plants. For this purpose, plants of the California-type sweet pepper ‘Maestral F1’ grafted onto NIBER® underwent a sustained DI regime during seasons 2018 and 2019 and were compared to their respective controls. Plants were drip-fertirrigated, and volumetric soil water content was continuously monitored by capacitance sensors. Gas exchange and leaf water potential measurements were taken early in the morning and midday 58, 79, and 114 days after transplanting. Plant and fruit dry biomass, marketable quality, blossom-end rot incidence and harvest index were also determined. For consecutive years, our results confirmed that grafting a pepper cultivar onto an appropriate rootstock (NIBER® in this case) as part of a DI strategy can overcome the negative effects of sustained water stress conditions. The plant biomass production and fruit yields of grafted plants were less affected by DI due to less sensitivity to water stress. This can be attributed to a less marked reduction in shoot dry weight in the grafted plants, which allowed greater whole photosynthesis by maintaining sink activity compared to ungrafted plants.

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Effect of water stress on nitrogen fixation and nodule structure of common bean

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2003000300002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 339-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos ◽

Richard Parsons ◽

Janet Irene Sprent ◽

Euan Kelvin James

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Common Bean ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Host Cells ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Intercellular Spaces ◽

Peribacteroid Membrane ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of water stress on N2 fixation and nodule structure of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars Carioca and EMGOPA-201. Plants were harvested after five and eight days of water stress. Carioca had lower nodule dry weight on both water stress periods; shoot dry weight was lower at five days water stress and did not differ from control after eight days stress. Both cultivars had lower nitrogenase activity than control after five and eight days water stress. For both cultivars, after eight days stress bacteroid membranes were damaged. Carioca presented more pronounced damage to infected tissue, with host cell vacuolation and loss of the peribacteroid membrane at five days after stress; at eight days after stress, there was degradation of cytoplasm host cells and senescence of bacteroids, with their release into intercellular spaces. Intensity of immunogold-labeling of intercellular cortical glycoprotein with the monoclonal antibodies MAC 236/265 was different for both cultivars.

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Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria on the Growth of Wheat Seedlings Subjected to Phosphate Starvation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10070978 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 978

Author(s):

Mariagrazia P. Cataldi ◽

Sigrid Heuer ◽

Tim H. Mauchline ◽

Mark D. Wilkinson ◽

Emily Masters-Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root System Architecture ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

P Content ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Molecular Indicators

Certain phosphorous solubilizing (PSB) and phosphorous mineralizing (PMB) bacteria may improve plant growth by improving nutrient availability. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with two Bacillus spp. strains, 12A and 25A, on wheat seedlings growth. To this aim, a durum and a bread wheat genotype were grown under controlled conditions in a low P compost medium to evaluate: (i) the effect of the bacterial isolates on plant growth and root system architecture; (ii) the expression of two key genes indicative of the P-starvation response and phosphate (Pi) uptake, TaIPS1 and TaPHT1.6-B1. The results showed that 12A Bacillus sp. significantly increased root length, surface area and biomass. Furthermore, an enhanced shoot dry weight and P content were observed. This might be explained by the capacity of strain 12A to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in addition to P mineralizing and P solubilizing capability. No effect on plant growth was observed for 25A strain. The semi-quantitative gene expression analysis showed an overall lower expression of TaIPS1 in the inoculated plants and highest expression of TaPHT1.6-B1 in 12A inoculated plants. This suggests that Pi-responsive genes might be useful molecular indicators for the effectiveness of PSB and PMB.

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