scholarly journals Durum Wheat Seminal Root Traits within Modern and Landrace Germplasm in Algeria

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Ridha Boudiar ◽  
Juan M. González ◽  
Abdelhamid Mekhlouf ◽  
Ana M. Casas ◽  
Ernesto Igartua
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Paper Method

Seminal roots are known to play an important role in crop performance, particularly under drought conditions. A set of 37 durum wheat cultivars and local landraces was screened for variation in architecture and size of seminal roots using a laboratory setting, with a filter paper method combined with image processing by SmartRoot software. Significant genetic variability was detected for all root and shoot traits assessed. Four rooting patterns were identified, with landraces showing overall steeper angle and higher root length, in comparison with cultivars, which presented a wider root angle and shorter root length. Some traits revealed trends dependent on the genotypes’ year of release, like increased seminal root angle and reduced root size (length, surface, and volume) over time. We confirm the presence of a remarkable diversity of root traits in durum wheat whose relationship with adult root features and agronomic performance should be explored.

scholarly journals Root Trait Diversity in Field Grown Durum Wheat and Comparison with Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2545
Author(s):  
Ridha Boudiar ◽  
Alejandra Cabeza ◽  
Miriam Fernández-Calleja ◽  
Antonio Pérez-Torres ◽  
Ana M. Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Soil Volume

Roots are important for crop adaptation, particularly in dryland environments. We evaluated root development of 37 durum wheat genotypes (modern cultivars and landraces) in the field at the adult plant stage, through a shovelomics approach. Large genotypic variability was found for root traits. Differences between the landraces and modern cultivars were the main driver of this variation, with landraces showing higher plant vigor for roots and shoots. Nonetheless, genotypic variation within groups was also observed, related to different models of root growth, largely independent of total root length. These two models represented root growth were oriented either to occupy more soil volume, or to occupy less soil volume with increased density. The field results were then compared with root data previously collected in seedlings using a filter paper-based method, to assess whether early root anticipated adult root features. Field plants showed a narrower root angle than seedlings. In particular, landraces presented a narrower root angle than cultivars, but only at seedling stage. Potentially useful correlations were found between the two growth stages for root length and number.

scholarly journals Intraspecific genetic variation within and between improved cultivars and landraces of durum wheat in germination and root architectural traits under saline conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidal Odat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Variation ◽  
Architectural Traits

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic variation within and between two subgroups of durum wheat in Jordan, i.e., cultivars and landraces, in germination and root architectural traits at three salinity concentrations (50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl). The results indicate that salinity significantly impacted most traits investigated. A multivariate discriminant analysis (DA) revealed large variations (~85%) between genotypes, with significant ranking in maximum root length, total root length, seminal root length, coleoptile length, germination percentage, and total and seminal root number over the three salinities. Within the cultivar subgroup, salinity significantly influenced the germination percentage and most root traits of durum genotypes, with variable magnitudes depending on NaCl concentration and within-variety intraspecific genetic variation (ANOVAs; P < 0.05). However, within the landrace subgroup, only a salinity of 150 mM NaCl significantly affected the studied traits, and the effect of salinity on germination percentage was highly genotype dependent. Additionally, the durum genotypes in the landrace subgroup were more affected by salinity and showed more genetic variation than those in the cultivar subgroup. 

scholarly journals Genome-wide association analysis unveils novel QTLs for seminal root system architecture traits in Ethiopian durum wheat

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Admas Alemu ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Giuseppe Sciara ◽  
Roberto Tuberosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Seminal Roots

Abstract Background Genetic improvement of root system architecture is essential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of crops or to boost their productivity under stress or non-optimal soil conditions. One hundred ninety-two Ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 historical landraces and 25 modern cultivars were assembled for GWAS analysis to identify QTLs for root system architecture (RSA) traits and genotyped with a high-density 90 K wheat SNP array by Illumina. Results Using a non-roll, paper-based root phenotyping platform, a total of 2880 seedlings and 14,947 seminal roots were measured at the three-leaf stage to collect data for total root length (TRL), total root number (TRN), root growth angle (RGA), average root length (ARL), bulk root dry weight (RDW), individual root dry weight (IRW), bulk shoot dry weight (SDW), presence of six seminal roots per seedling (RT6) and root shoot ratio (RSR). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between accessions for all RSA traits. Four major (− log10P ≥ 4) and 34 nominal (− log10P ≥ 3) QTLs were identified and grouped in 16 RSA QTL clusters across chromosomes. A higher number of significant RSA QTL were identified on chromosome 4B particularly for root vigor traits (root length, number and/or weight). Conclusions After projecting the identified QTLs on to a high-density tetraploid consensus map along with previously reported RSA QTL in both durum and bread wheat, fourteen nominal QTLs were found to be novel and could potentially be used to tailor RSA in elite lines. The major RGA QTLs on chromosome 6AL detected in the current study and reported in previous studies is a good candidate for cloning the causative underlining sequence and identifying the beneficial haplotypes able to positively affect yield under water- or nutrient-limited conditions.

scholarly journals Penentuan Indeks Seleksi Toleransi Kekeringan Galur Dihaploid Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan pada Fase Perkecambahan

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahur Rizqi Akbar ◽  
Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽  
Iswari Saraswati Dewi ◽  
Dan Willy Bayuardi Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Rainfed Rice ◽  
Index Matching ◽  
Seminal Roots

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Rainfed rice tolerant to drought and high yielding would be an alternative to rainfed lowland areas prone to drought stress. Selection in the early phase of plant growth will accelerate the effort to obtain rainfed varieties. The objective of this experiment was to identify characters that significantly affect the selection of drought tolerance using PEG 6000 concentration of 25% in the germination phase. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD, Bogor, using a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was 32 rice genotypes while the second factor was 2 levels of PEG 6000, i.e., concentrations of 0 and 25%. The results showed that the correlation analysis and principal component analysis obtain the important characters namely the germination percentage, seminal root length, and the dry weight of seminal roots. Based on discriminant analysis, the index matching value of 96.77% was suitable to distinguish tolerant and sensitive genotypes using PEG 6000 concentration of 25% in the germination phase.<br /><br />Keywords: germination percentage, seminal root length, root dry weight<br /><br />

scholarly journals A toolkit to rapidly modify root systems through single plant selection

Plant Methods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Rambla ◽  
Sarah Van Der Meer ◽  
Kai P. Voss-Fels ◽  
Manar Makhoul ◽  
Christian Obermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Single Plant Selection ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Elite Germplasm ◽  
Seminal Root Angle

Abstract Background The incorporation of root traits into elite germplasm is typically a slow process. Thus, innovative approaches are required to accelerate research and pre-breeding programs targeting root traits to improve yield stability in different environments and soil types. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) can help to speed up the process by selecting key genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with root traits. However, this approach is limited due to the complex genetic control of root traits and the limited number of well-characterised large effect QTL. Coupling MAS with phenotyping could increase the reliability of selection. Here we present a useful framework to rapidly modify root traits in elite germplasm. In this wheat exemplar, a single plant selection (SPS) approach combined three main elements: phenotypic selection (in this case for seminal root angle); MAS using KASP markers (targeting a root biomass QTL); and speed breeding to accelerate each cycle. Results To develop a SPS approach that integrates non-destructive screening for seminal root angle and root biomass, two initial experiments were conducted. Firstly, we demonstrated that transplanting wheat seedlings from clear pots (for seminal root angle assessment) into sand pots (for root biomass assessment) did not impact the ability to differentiate genotypes with high and low root biomass. Secondly, we demonstrated that visual scores for root biomass were correlated with root dry weight (r = 0.72), indicating that single plants could be evaluated for root biomass in a non-destructive manner. To highlight the potential of the approach, we applied SPS in a backcrossing program which integrated MAS and speed breeding for the purpose of rapidly modifying the root system of elite bread wheat line Borlaug100. Bi-directional selection for root angle in segregating generations successfully shifted the mean root angle by 30° in the subsequent generation (P ≤ 0.05). Within 18 months, BC2F4:F5 introgression lines were developed that displayed a full range of root configurations, while retaining similar above-ground traits to the recurrent parent. Notably, the seminal root angle displayed by introgression lines varied more than 30° compared to the recurrent parent, resulting in lines with both narrow and wide root angles, and high and low root biomass phenotypes. Conclusion The SPS approach enables researchers and plant breeders to rapidly manipulate root traits of future crop varieties, which could help improve productivity in the face of increasing environmental fluctuations. The newly developed elite wheat lines with modified root traits provide valuable materials to study the value of different root systems to support yield in different environments and soil types.

scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of the Seminal Root System Architecture in Mediterranean Durum Wheat Landraces by Genome-Wide Association Study

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Roselló ◽  
Conxita Royo ◽  
Miguel Sanchez-Garcia ◽  
Jose Miguel Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Durum Wheat Landraces

Roots are crucial for adaptation to drought stress. However, phenotyping root systems is a difficult and time-consuming task due to the special feature of the traits in the process of being analyzed. Correlations between root system architecture (RSA) at the early stages of development and in adult plants have been reported. In this study, the seminal RSA was analysed on a collection of 160 durum wheat landraces from 21 Mediterranean countries and 18 modern cultivars. The landraces showed large variability in RSA, and differences in root traits were found between previously identified genetic subpopulations. Landraces from the eastern Mediterranean region, which is the driest and warmest within the Mediterranean Basin, showed the largest seminal root size in terms of root length, surface, and volume and the widest root angle, whereas landraces from eastern Balkan countries showed the lowest values. Correlations were found between RSA and yield-related traits in a very dry environment. The identification of molecular markers linked to the traits of interest detected 233 marker-trait associations for 10 RSA traits and grouped them in 82 genome regions named marker-train association quantitative trait loci (MTA-QTLs). Our results support the use of ancient local germplasm to widen the genetic background for root traits in breeding programs.

scholarly journals A Toolkit to Rapidly Modify Root Systems Through Single Plant Selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Rambla ◽  
Sarah Van Der Meer ◽  
Kai P. Voss-Fels ◽  
Manar Makhoul ◽  
Christian Obermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Single Plant Selection ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Elite Germplasm ◽  
Seminal Root Angle

Abstract Background: The incorporation of root traits into elite germplasm is typically a slow process. Thus, innovative approaches are required to accelerate research and pre-breeding programs targeting root traits to improve yield stability in different environments and soil types. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) can help to speed up the process by selecting key genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with root traits. However, this approach is limited due to the complex genetic control of root traits and the limited number of well-characterised large effect QTL. Coupling MAS with phenotyping could increase the reliability of selection. Here we present a useful framework to rapidly modify root traits in elite germplasm. In this wheat exemplar, a single plant selection (SPS) approach combined three main elements: phenotypic selection (in this case for seminal root angle); MAS using KASP markers (targeting a root biomass QTL); and speed breeding to accelerate each cycle.Results: To develop a SPS approach that integrates non-destructive screening for seminal root angle and root biomass, two initial experiments were conducted. Firstly, we demonstrated that transplanting wheat seedlings from clear pots (for seminal root angle assessment) into sand pots (for root biomass assessment) did not impact the ability to differentiate genotypes with high and low root biomass. Secondly, we demonstrated that visual scores for root biomass were correlated with root dry weight (r = 0.73), indicating that single plants could be evaluated for root biomass in a non-destructive manner. To highlight the potential of the approach, we applied SPS in a backcrossing program which integrated MAS and speed breeding for the purpose of rapidly modifying the root system of elite bread wheat line Borlaug100. Bi-directional selection for root angle in segregating generations successfully shifted the mean root angle by 30o in the subsequent generation (P ≤ 0.05). Within 18 months, BC2F4:F5 introgression lines were developed that displayed a full range of root configurations, while retaining similar above-ground traits to the recurrent parent. Notably, the seminal root angle displayed by introgression lines varied more than 30° compared to the recurrent parent, resulting in lines with both narrow and wide root angles, and high and low root biomass phenotypes.Conclusion: The SPS approach enables researchers and plant breeders to rapidly manipulate root traits of future crop varieties, which could help improve productivity in the face of increasing environmental fluctuations. The newly developed elite wheat lines with modified root traits provide valuable materials to study the value of different root systems to support yield in different environments and soil types.

scholarly journals The relationship between the genetic status of the Vrn-1 locus and the size of the root system in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
O. G. Smirnova ◽  
T. A. Pshenichnikova
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Root Size

One of the main ways to fine-tune the adaptive potential of wheat cultivars is to regulate the timing of flowering using the genes of the Vrn-1 locus, which determines the type and rate of development. Recently, with the use of introgression and isogenic lines of bread wheat, it was shown that this locus is involved in the genetic control of root length and weight both under irrigation and drought conditions. It turned out that the VrnA1 gene is associated with a significant decrease in the size of the root system in a winter genotype. The Vrn-A1 gene had the strongest effect on the reduction of the root system in comparison with the homoeoallelic genes Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1. The aim of this work was to determine whether the allelic composition of the genes at the Vrn-1 locus affects the root size in seven spring cultivars and in two lines of bread wheat differing in flowering time under conditions of normal watering and drought. The research was carried out in a hydroponic greenhouse; drought was created at the tillering stage. In this work, we have shown that early flowering wheat cultivars with the dominant Vrn-A1а allele have more lightweight and shorter roots under normal watering conditions compared to the late flowering carriers of the dominant homoeoalleles Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1. In drought conditions, the root length decreased insignificantly, but the weight of the roots significantly decreased in all genotypes, with the exception of Diamant 2. It has been hypothesized that the level of the transcription factor VRN-1 at the onset of drought may affect the size of the root system. The large variability in root weight may indicate the participation, in addition to the Vrn-1 locus, of other gene networks in the formation of this trait. Breeders working to develop early maturing varieties should consider the possibility of reducing the root size, especially in arid conditions. A significant increase in the root size of line 821 with introgressions into chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 5A from T. timopheevii indicates the possibility of using congeners as a source of increasing the trait in wheat.

Root traits and δ13C and δ18O of durum wheat under different water regimes

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhalim Elazab ◽  
Gemma Molero ◽  
Maria Dolores Serret ◽  
José Luis Araus
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

Plant growth, root characteristics and the stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) composition were studied in durum wheat. Four recombinant inbred lines with good agronomic adaptation were grown under well watered (WW) and water stress (WS) conditions until mid-grain filling in lysimeters. Gas exchange was measured in the flag leaf just before harvest and then the aerial dry matter (Aerial DM), root weight density (RWD) and root length density (RLD) and the specific root length (SRL) were evaluated and the δ13C and δ18O of the roots, the flag leaf blade and the spike were analysed. Water stress decreased stomatal conductance, plant accumulated transpiration and Aerial DM, whereas δ13C and δ18O increased. Genotypic differences were found for all gas-exchange and root traits and isotope signatures. Aerial DM was positively correlated with RLD, regardless of the water regime, whereas it was negatively correlated with δ13C and δ18O, but only under WW conditions. Moreover, RWD and RLD were negatively related to both δ13C and δ18O under the WW regime, but no clear pattern existed under WS. Our study supports the use of δ13C and δ18O as proxies for selecting root traits associated with higher growth in the absence of water stress.

Does a fungal species drive ectomycorrhizal root traits in Alnus spp.?

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1787-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivika Ostonen ◽  
Leho Tedersoo ◽  
Triin Suvi ◽  
Krista Lõhmus
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Specific Root Area

Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi contribute significantly to the shaping of short-root morphology, playing an important role in balancing the costs and benefits of root growth and nutrient uptake and exchange in boreal forests. We aimed to assess the effect of various EcM fungal taxa on root traits at seven sites dominated by grey alder, Alnus incana (L.) Moench, and black alder, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Mean root size, specific root length, specific root area, root tissue density, and root-tip frequency of EcM short roots were measured in EcM anatomotypes in relation to the effects of host species, soil moisture level, and nutrient status. Redundancy analysis revealed that anatomotype, alder species, site, and soil parameters (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations, pH, organic-matter content) accounted for 42.3% (p < 0.001) of the total variation in EcM root morphology. Variation decreased in the following order: anatomotypes (27.9%) > soil parameters and sites (19.9%) > alder species (5.1%). EcM fungus species had the primary influence on EcM short-root size. EcM roots of the dominant anatomotype, Alnicola spp., had the highest specific root length and specific root area in both alder species. Short-root morphology depends most strongly on the fungal taxa involved, which indicates that the type of mycobiont has an important influence on the functional properties of fine roots.

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