Penentuan Indeks Seleksi Toleransi Kekeringan Galur Dihaploid  Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan pada Fase Perkecambahan

ABSTRACT Rainfed rice tolerant to drought and high yielding would be an alternative to rainfed lowland areas prone to drought stress. Selection in the early phase of plant growth will accelerate the effort to obtain rainfed varieties. The objective of this experiment was to identify characters that significantly affect the selection of drought tolerance using PEG 6000 concentration of 25% in the germination phase. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD, Bogor, using a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was 32 rice genotypes while the second factor was 2 levels of PEG 6000, i.e., concentrations of 0 and 25%. The results showed that the correlation analysis and principal component analysis obtain the important characters namely the germination percentage, seminal root length, and the dry weight of seminal roots. Based on discriminant analysis, the index matching value of 96.77% was suitable to distinguish tolerant and sensitive genotypes using PEG 6000 concentration of 25% in the germination phase. Keywords: germination percentage, seminal root length, root dry weight

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Improving of true shallot seeds germination by the application of plant growth regulators and osmoconditioning treatment

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012065 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 951 (1) ◽

pp. 012065

Author(s):

K A Tanjung ◽

L A M Siregar ◽

R I M Damanik

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Root Length ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

The Difference

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of the application of plant growth regulators and osmoconditioning treatment to improve the germination of true shallot seeds. This research was conducted in Asam Kumbang, Medan Selayang, Medan, Indonesia. The research method was a Randomize Block Design with 2 factors, the first factor is Plant Growth Regulators (Z) with 6 levels, namely Z0 (Without PGRs Application), Z1 (Gibberellin 500 ppm), Z2 (Putrescine 15 ppm), Z3 (Putrescine 20 ppm), Z4 (Putrescine 15 ppm + Gibberellin 500 ppm), Z5 (Putrescine 20 ppm + Gibberellin 500 ppm). The second factor was the osmoconditioning treatment with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 (O) with 4 levels, namely O0 (Without Osmoconditioning Treatment), O1 (PEG 6000 3%), O2 (PEG 6000 4%), O3 (PEG 6000 5%). Parameters observed were germination rate, germination rate index, percentage of germination, germination ability, simultaneous growth of seeds, seedling length, root length, seedling dry weight, and catalase activity test. The results of this study were: application of plant growth regulators could improve true shallot seed germination, indicated by the observed values of all parameters which were significantly different from those of the control (without PGRs application). The plant growth regulator that produced the best increase in germination was Gibberellins 500 ppm, although the difference in effect with other PGRs was not significantly different. Meanwhile, the osmoconditioning treatment with PEG 6000 was also able to improve the germination of true shallot seeds as indicated by an increase in most of the observed parameters, but in the root length parameter it was seen that the tendency of PEG 6000 3% always gave the highest value but gave the lowest value for this parameter. The best concentration of PEG 6000 in the osmoconditioning treatment to improve true shallot seed germination was 3%.

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Growth Assessment of Tropical Sugarbeet as Influenced by Spacing

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v23i2.52452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

MAT Sohel ◽

MAE Hossain ◽

HP Roy ◽

SM Reza ◽

FH Shanta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Research Field ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Maximum Root

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agronomy and Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna during 2012-2013 to determine the most suitable spacing for sugarbeet cultivation in Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted with nine spacing viz. 50 cm × 20 cm, 60 cm × 20 cm, 70 cm × 20 cm, 50 cm × 25 cm, 60 cm × 25 cm, 70 cm × 25 cm, 50 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm and 70 cm × 30 cm in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of spacing on sugarbeet plantation were observed on growth and growth contributing components (germination percentage, number of leaves plant-1, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, crop growth rate) of sugarbeet. The highest germination percentage (95.67%), number of leaves plant-1 (34.33) at 30 DAS, shoot length (54.07 cm) at 120 DAS, root fresh weight (969.47 g plant-1) at 150 DAS, shoot fresh weight (752.47 g plant-1) at 120 DAS and other growth contributing parameters were obtained with the spacing 70 cm × 30 cm. However, the maximum root length (38.97 cm) was obtained with 50 cm × 20 cm spacing. It was concluded that the wider spacing promoted the growth of individual beet, though the optimum spacing for maximum root growth of sugarbeet was 50 cm × 20 cm. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 51-58

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Genome-wide association analysis unveils novel QTLs for seminal root system architecture traits in Ethiopian durum wheat

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-020-07320-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Admas Alemu ◽

Tileye Feyissa ◽

Marco Maccaferri ◽

Giuseppe Sciara ◽

Roberto Tuberosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Root System ◽

System Architecture ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root System Architecture ◽

High Density ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Seminal Roots

Abstract Background Genetic improvement of root system architecture is essential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of crops or to boost their productivity under stress or non-optimal soil conditions. One hundred ninety-two Ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 historical landraces and 25 modern cultivars were assembled for GWAS analysis to identify QTLs for root system architecture (RSA) traits and genotyped with a high-density 90 K wheat SNP array by Illumina. Results Using a non-roll, paper-based root phenotyping platform, a total of 2880 seedlings and 14,947 seminal roots were measured at the three-leaf stage to collect data for total root length (TRL), total root number (TRN), root growth angle (RGA), average root length (ARL), bulk root dry weight (RDW), individual root dry weight (IRW), bulk shoot dry weight (SDW), presence of six seminal roots per seedling (RT6) and root shoot ratio (RSR). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between accessions for all RSA traits. Four major (− log10P ≥ 4) and 34 nominal (− log10P ≥ 3) QTLs were identified and grouped in 16 RSA QTL clusters across chromosomes. A higher number of significant RSA QTL were identified on chromosome 4B particularly for root vigor traits (root length, number and/or weight). Conclusions After projecting the identified QTLs on to a high-density tetraploid consensus map along with previously reported RSA QTL in both durum and bread wheat, fourteen nominal QTLs were found to be novel and could potentially be used to tailor RSA in elite lines. The major RGA QTLs on chromosome 6AL detected in the current study and reported in previous studies is a good candidate for cloning the causative underlining sequence and identifying the beneficial haplotypes able to positively affect yield under water- or nutrient-limited conditions.

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ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF TRIANTHIMA PORTULACASTRUM L. ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL RESPONSES OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.)

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj222 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 183-186

Author(s):

Prabhakaran J ◽

Kavitha D

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Developmental Responses

An experiment was conducted in order to determine the allelopathic effects of the aqueous extract of Trianthima portulacastrum L.on the seed germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content ofsesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Greenhouse experiment was carried out as RCBD (Randomized complete block design)with four replications. Treatments included 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% (W/W) residues of whole plant of T.portulacastrum with normal field soil. Results showed that the low concentrations of T.portulacastrum had no significant effect on the germination percentage, seedling length, dry weight, total chlorophyll contents at lower concentration(1%) of weed residues. However, treatments with higher concentrations had negative effects on germination, growth and seedling dry weight of sesame.

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Mitigation of salt stress in rice plant at germination stage by using methyl jasmonate

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i1.27572 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sakil Mahmud ◽

Shayla Sharmin ◽

Bishan Lal Das Chowdhury ◽

Mohammad Anowar Hossain ◽

Muhammad Javidul Haque Bhuiyan

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Biochemical Component ◽

Germination Stage

To explore the possibility of using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for alleviation of salt stress, the present study was conducted where six rice varieties (BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan46, Gota, Kajalsail, Pokkali and Pengek) were grown in non saline (0 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1) + 10 ?M MeJA and saline (12 dSm-1) + 20 ?M MeJA conditions at germination stage (till the 9 days). MeJA was applied by imbibing seeds in it for 24 hours. To evaluate the effect of MeJA on saline stressed plant at germination stage, change in growth parameters namely germination percentage, shoot and root length, fresh and dry wt. of shoot, fresh and dry wt. of root and biochemical component- activity of alpha-amylase were monitored. Salinity had a minimum effect on final germination percentage (FGP) of rice varieties, but delayed in attaining it. MeJA had least positive effect. Salinity significantly reduced the shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of all the varieties. MeJA had more decreasing effect in susceptible varieties while increasing effect in moderately tolerant and tolerant. Activity of alpha-amylase in germinated seed varied from 0.051 mg to 0.111 mg mal./mg tissue. At 12dSm-1 salinity, susceptible and moderately tolerant varieties showed significant reduction but tolerant showed significant increase. MeJA intensified the negative effect further in susceptible varieties. In tolerant and moderately tolerant varieties, increment in activity took place and 10 ?M had a better effect over 20 ?M MeJA.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 74-81

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Development of priming technology for enhanced planting value of seeds in kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v13i2.2507 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 735-743

Author(s):

Umesh Hiremath ◽

Basave Gowda ◽

Lokesh G.Y . ◽

B. S. Ganiger

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Vigour Index

The continuous rise in global population demands more food production under limited land resources accompanied by climate change. More oversupply of quality seeds to meet ever-growing food demand is a highly challenging task. Seeds with low vigour level limit the growth and yield of crops at varied field conditions. Hence, an experiment was conducted to develop a technique for the fast and homogeneous growth of kabuli chickpea seeds. The priming treatments evaluated in the present study enhanced the various seed quality parameters of kabuli chickpea significantly when compared to control. Hydro-priming for 4 hours (at 20°C) and air drying for 72 hours showed better results compared to rest of the treatments both in fresh seeds which recorded higher first count (66.38%), germination (92.50%) root length (11.85 cm), shoot length (6.16), mean seedling length (18.01), dry seedling weight (747 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1665), higher speed of emergence (0.3992) and old seeds with higher first count (61.88%), germination (74.13%) root length (8.15 cm), shoot length (5.85 cm), mean seedling length (14.00 cm), seedling dry weight (611 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1056), higher speed of emergence (0.3814). The aged seeds have recorded 29 % increase in germination percentage in contrast to 8 percent increases in fresh seeds. Kabuli chickpea seeds could be subjected to hydropriming, an affordable, alternative, and eco-friendly technique for improving seed and seedling vigour of kabuli chickpea.

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Effects of Growing Wheat in Hypoxic Nutrient Solutions and of Subsequent Transfer to Aerated Solutions. I. Growth and Carbohydrate Status of Shoots and Roots

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9880585 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 585 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

EG Barrett-Lennard ◽

PD Leighton ◽

F Buwalda ◽

J Gibbs ◽

W Armstrong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Seminal Root ◽

Platinum Electrodes ◽

Root Tips ◽

Seminal Roots ◽

Crown Roots ◽

Carbohydrate Status ◽

Nutrient Solutions ◽

Oxygen Concentrations

This paper evaluates the effects of hypoxia (imposed by flushing N2 gas through the nutrient solution) on the growth and carbohydrate status of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and the reversibility of these effects once aeration is resumed. Plants were transferred to hypoxic nutrient solutions (containing 0.003 mol O2 m-3) at the early tillering stage, when they had 3-4 leaves, well developed seminal roots, and a few crown roots. Hypoxia for 10-14 days had little adverse effect on shoot growth, whereas the seminal roots stopped growing, i.e. elongating and increasing in dry weight; in contrast, the crown roots elongated to a maximum of 9 cm and continued to increase in dry weight. Hypoxia increased the porosity of crown roots 2-3-fold compared with those grown under aerated conditions; in contrast, the porosity of seminal roots was unaffected. Oxygen concentrations in the gas filled pores of hypoxic crown roots (65 mm or longer) were estimated from measurements of radial oxygen loss using cylindrical platinum electrodes. Oxygen concentrations in the root tips were substantially lower than the critical oxygen pressures required for maximum respiration. Further, both oxygen concentrations in root tips and rates of root elongation were higher in shorter than in longer roots. Plants grown in hypoxic nutrient solutions had substantially higher sugar concentrations in shoots and roots than plants grown in aerated solutions. Sugars were not deficient in hypoxic roots since concentrations over a diurnal cycle remained higher than in aerated roots in both the bulk of the seminal and crown roots, and in the tips of the crown roots. Furthermore, tips of seminal roots had similar sugar concentrations when exposed to either aerated or hypoxic solutions. Hypoxia presumably killed seminal root apices, since the seminal axes did not resume elongation once aeration was restored. In contrast, crown roots resumed elongation when aeration was resumed. Although seminal root tips were moribund, the bulk of the seminal root was still alive. Following the transfer to aerated solutions, there was a rapid increase in the dry weight of both crown and seminal roots, in the latter case due to the proliferation of laterals.

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Growth Enhancement of Phragmites australis, Eichhornia crassipes and Saccharum officinarum for Rhizoremediation of Crude Oil

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v7i1.21317 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 60-84

Author(s):

Monday Ubogu ◽

Lucky O. Odokuma ◽

Ejiro Akponah

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Control Plant ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Growth Enhancement ◽

Plant Soil

P. australis, E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp) and S. officinarum (in rainforest) are capable of tolerating some levels of crude oil in soil. However, some important growth characteristics such speedy growths, extensive root system and increased biomass desirable for efficient rhizoremediation are depressed. To cushion this suppressive effects, plants were subjected to the following treatments: Plant + Soil (PS) (Control); Plant + Soil + Oil (PSO); Plant + Soil + Oil + Fertilizer (PSOF); Plant +Soil + Oil + Fertilizer + Microorganisms (PSOFM); and Plant + Soil + Fertilizer + Microorganisms + Solarization (PSOFMS). Treatments were monitored for 120 days to determine their effects on the following growth parameters: Germination, germination percentage, height, and root length, dry weight, and leaf area. Results indicated that treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum; while root length, leaf area in E. crassipes were statistically the same for PS, PSO, PSOFM and PSOFMS (P ˂ 0.05). Overall, growth enhancement efficiencies of the applied treatments were in the order: PSOFM ˃ PSOF ˃ PSOFMS. Thus, growth of these plants can be enhanced in crude oil contaminated soil by the above treatments for efficient rhizoremediation.

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Priming and drying on the physiological quality of eggplant seeds

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362012000300021 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 484-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Delineide P Gomes ◽

Alexandre F da Silva ◽

Denise Cunha FS Dias ◽

Eveline M Alvarenga ◽

Laércio J da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Primary Root ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Three Sheets ◽

Osmotic Potentials ◽

Primary Root Length

We evaluated the effect of the priming with polyethyleneglicol (PEG) 6000 followed or not of drying on two lots of eggplant seeds with medium and low vigor respectively. The seeds were submitted to the treatments of priming with PEG 6000 in the osmotic potentials of -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa during 48 or 96 hours of priming with and without subsequent drying. For the soaking of seeds in osmotic solutions, these were placed over three sheets of paper boxes such germitest gerbox conditioning moistened with each solution in a 3:1 ratio. The control group was represented by unprimed seeds. The priming for both lots provided higher values in relation to the vigor through the first counting of germination, seedlings and primary root length, germination and emergence rates, emergence and dry weight of seedlings when compared to the non-primed seeds. These results were not verified for germination; significant differences practically were not observed in relation to the controls. Improvements in relation to the vigour were not higher on lot 2 than those obtained on lot 1. The priming with PEG 6000 with subsequent drying increased the vigor of eggplant seeds of the cultivar Morro Grande in relation to those non-primed, however, without differences in the germination.

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Respon Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Varietas Dyxp Dumpy pada Kondisi Stres Air di Pembibitan Awal

Agrotekma Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.31289/agr.v3i1.1934 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Wagino Wagino ◽

Sri Murti Tarigan ◽

Eka Bobby Febrianto

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Root Length ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Base Diameter ◽

Root Volume ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Wet Weight

Global climate exchange especially rainfallspurs the growth of oil palm adapt to environmental conditions, so the development of oil palm plantations requires seeds that are able to adapt well in drought conditions.This study aims to determine whether water stress affects the growth of oil palm seedlings and sees the response of the level of resistance of oil palm seeds to drought stress.This research was carried out in the greenhouse garden experiment Medan STIPAP was conducted from January to June 2018. This study used Non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), which consisted of 3 levels, 3 samples and 3 replications. Parameters to be observed were plant height, stem base diameter, leaf number, root wet weight, root dry weight, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, root volume, root length, stomatal density and number of stomata.The results showed that the difference in giving A1 water (100%) was significantly different from A2 (60%) and A3 (20%) on the parameters of oil palm seedling growth especially for the parameters of plant height, root wet weight, root dry weight, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, root volume, and root length while the base diameter of the stem, number of leaves, stomatal density and number of stomata give no significant effect. Drought stress effected to reduce the growth of stem diameter.

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