scholarly journals Grain Quality and Allelic Variation of the Badh2 Gene in Thai Fragrant Rice Landraces

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phukjira Chan-in ◽  
Sansanee Jamjod ◽  
Narit Yimyam ◽  
Benjavan Rerkasem ◽  
Tonapha Pusadee
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Badh2 Gene

Fragrance, which plays an important role in determining the economic value of rice to growers and consumers, is known to be controlled by the Badh2 gene. This study evaluated the grain quality characteristics and allelic variation of the Badh2 gene in 22 fragrant rice landraces from Thailand. The rice seed samples from farmers’ storage facilities in northern, northeastern and southern Thailand, plus two advanced breeding lines and three check varieties, were evaluated for seed morphology and grain quality, and their Badh2 genes covering intron 4 to intron 8 were re-sequenced. Almost all of the landraces were classified as large grain types, with medium to high gelatinization temperatures. The variation in the Badh2 gene by haplotype analysis correlated with grain aroma by sensory evaluation. The badh2-E7 was found in haplotype 1 with a strong aroma in KH, NDLP, and PLD, as in KDML105 and the moderately aromatic BNM-CMU, BNM4, and SKH, along with PTT1. Three haplotypes had different positions of SNP on the Badh2 gene with varying results in the sensory test. The present results suggest that some rice varieties could be potentially introduced as genetic resources for fragrant rice breeding programs or could be developed to highly palatable cultivars with geographical indications to increase the income of highland farmers.

scholarly journals Foliar application of sodium selenate induces regulation in yield formation, grain quality characters and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in fragrant rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Luo ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Longxin He ◽  
Axiang Zheng ◽  
Shenggang Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heading Stage

Abstract Background Selenium (Se) is a beneficial element for higher plants and essential for mammals. To study the effect of the foliar application of sodium selenate on fragrant rice performance, a pot experiment was conducted in Guangdong, China. At the initial heading stage, one-time foliar application of sodium selenate with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol·L− 1 (named CK, Se1, Se2, Se3, Se4 and Se5, respectively) were foliar applied on two fragrant rice varieties, ‘Meixiangzhan-2’ and ‘Xiangyaxiangzhan’. Results Selenate application at the initial heading stage not only improved the grain yield of fragrant rice by increasing the seed-setting rate and grain weight, but also promoted the grain quality by increasing crude protein contents and lowering the chalky rice rate. Furthermore, Se applications enhanced the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1- pyrroline (2-AP), the main aromatic compound, by increasing the contents of precursors (△1- pyrroline, proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C)) and the activities of enzymes (proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS), and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT)) in fragrant rice. The results also showed that foliar application of sodium selenate enhanced the antioxidant system of both varieties by promoting the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reducing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the real-time PCR analyses depicted that foliar application of selenate up-regulated the GPX1, GPX4 and CATC transcripts. The higher antioxidative enzymatic activities might strength the stress resistant to ensure the stability of yield in fragrant rice form abiotic stress. Conclusions Foliar applications of sodium selenate at the initial heading stage increased the grain 2-AP content by enhancing the biosynthesis-related enzymes and precursors. The grain yield and quality of fragrant rice also increased due to selenate application. Furthermore, foliar application of selenate promoted the activities of enzymes such as POD, SOD and CAT and up-regulated the expression of gene GPX4, GPX1 and CATC.

scholarly journals Towards increased shading potential: a combined phenotypic and genetic analysis of rice shoot architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Huber ◽  
Magdalena M Julkowska ◽  
Basten L. Snoek ◽  
Hans van Veen ◽  
Justine Toulotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Diversity Panel ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Rice feeds more than half of the world's human population. In modern rice farming, a major constraint for productivity is weed proliferation and the ecological impact of herbicide application. Increased weed competitiveness of commercial rice varieties requires enhanced shade casting to limit growth of shade-sensitive weeds and the need for herbicide. We aimed to identify traits that enhance rice shading capacity based on the canopy architecture and the underlying genetic components. We performed a phenotypic screen of a rice diversity panel comprised of 344 varieties, examining 13 canopy architecture traits linked with shading capacity in 4-week-old plants. The analysis revealed a vast range of phenotypic variation across the diversity panel. We used trait correlation and clustering to identify core traits that define shading capacity to be shoot area, number of leaves, culm and solidity (the compactness of the shoot). To simplify the complex canopy architecture, these traits were combined into a Shading Rank metric that is indicative of a plant's ability to cast shade. Genome wide association study (GWAS) revealed genetic loci underlying canopy architecture traits, out of which five loci were substantially contributing to shading potential. Subsequent haplotype analysis further explored allelic variation and identified seven haplotypes associated with increased shading. Identification of traits contributing to shading capacity and underlying allelic variation presented in this study will serve future genomic assisted breeding programmes. The investigated diversity panel, including widely grown varieties, shows that there is big potential and genetic resources for improvement of elite breeding lines. Implementing increased shading in rice breeding will make its farming less dependent on herbicides and contribute towards more environmentally sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Irrigation Interval after Anthesis on Grain Quality, Alkali Digestion, and Gel Consistency of Rice

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Ramin Rayee ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Tran Dang Khanh ◽  
Hoang-Dung Tran ◽  
Kifayatullah Kakar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Gel Consistency ◽  
Alkali Digestion

The management of amylose and protein contents and cooking quality are the main challenges in rice macronutrients and quality improvement. This experiment was conducted to examine the rice grain quality, alkali digestion, and gel consistency responses to irrigation interval after anthesis. Three rice varieties (K1, K3, and K4) were subjected to different irrigation intervals (1, 2, and 3 d) after anthesis. The findings of this study showed that the protein content was markedly increased from 6.53–6.63% to 9.93–10.16%, whilst the amylose content was decreased significantly from 22.00–22.43% to 16.33–17.56% under stressed treatments at irrigation intervals, whilst the quantity of fatty acids was not affected. The 3-d irrigation interval recorded the highest protein content but the lowest amylose value. In addition, this treatment shows lower gelatinization temperature, but it is negatively associated with hard gel consistency under irrigation interval. This study highlights that the water management following a 3-d irrigation interval from anthesis is a useful and simple treatment to improve rice nutrients and grain cooking quality.

scholarly journals Applications and Potential of Genome-Editing Systems in Rice Improvement: Current and Future Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Javaria Tabassum ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Babar Hussain ◽  
Amos Musyoki Mawia ◽  
Aqib Zeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Improvement ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Food crop production and quality are two major attributes that ensure food security. Rice is one of the major sources of food that feeds half of the world’s population. Therefore, to feed about 10 billion people by 2050, there is a need to develop high-yielding grain quality of rice varieties, with greater pace. Although conventional and mutation breeding techniques have played a significant role in the development of desired varieties in the past, due to certain limitations, these techniques cannot fulfill the high demands for food in the present era. However, rice production and grain quality can be improved by employing new breeding techniques, such as genome editing tools (GETs), with high efficiency. These tools, including clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems, have revolutionized rice breeding. The protocol of CRISPR/Cas9 systems technology, and its variants, are the most reliable and efficient, and have been established in rice crops. New GETs, such as CRISPR/Cas12, and base editors, have also been applied to rice to improve it. Recombinases and prime editing tools have the potential to make edits more precisely and efficiently. Briefly, in this review, we discuss advancements made in CRISPR systems, base and prime editors, and their applications, to improve rice grain yield, abiotic stress tolerance, grain quality, disease and herbicide resistance, in addition to the regulatory aspects and risks associated with genetically modified rice plants. We also focus on the limitations and future prospects of GETs to improve rice grain quality.

VARIABILITY OF RICE VARIETIES OF RUSSIAN BREEDING WITH LOW AMYLOSE CONTENT ON TECHNOLOGICAL GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS IN CONNECTION WITH THE NITROGEN NUTRITION LEVEL IN VEGETATION CONDITIONS IN ABINSKY DISTRICT, KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Kumeyko ◽  
◽  
N.G. Tumanian
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Different Doses

The article studies the technological grain quality traits of rice varieties of Russian breeding Rapan, Flagman, Olimp, Azov, Patriot in the yield of 2017-2019 grown in the Abinsky district, Krasnodar region. Purpose of the research was to study the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the technological grain quality traits of rice varieties with a low amylose content. Rice varieties were evaluated by mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains, filminess, vitreousity, and fracture when grown with different doses of nitrogen fertilizers N60, N120. With an increase in the dose of nitrogen to N120, "the mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains", "vitreousity", "fracture" remained unchanged or the "filminess" changed. The pattern of changes in grain quality traits may indicate an intensive type of varieties Rapan and Olimp.

REACTION OF RICE VARIETIES PERMITED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH YIELD FORMATION WITH A HIGH GRAIN QUALITY ON LEVEL OF NITROGEN NUTRITION IN AGROLANDSCAPE ZONES OF KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Tumanian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

An increase in the doses of nitrogen fertilizers applied during the cultivation of new rice varieties Nautilus and Yakhont in the old-deltoid and valley agrolandscape zones led to significant changes in grain quality traits. The grain size of the varieties grown in the Krasnoarsmeysky district did not change due to the level of nitrogen fertilizers, for those grown in the Abinsky district, decreased by 0.3 g in variety Nautilus and increased in variety Yakhont with increased dose of applied nitrogen. The vitreousity of grain increased in Nautilus in the Krasnoarmeysky district by 2%, in Abinsky - by 7%; in the variety Yakhont - increased by 2% and practically did not change, respectively. A tendency toward a decrease in grain fracture in the Krasnoarmeysky district and an increase in head rice content in the variety Nautilus in the Krasnoarmeysky and Abinsky districts was noted.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MILLING YIELD OF RICE VARIETIES OF RUSSIAN BREEDING GROWN IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF NITROGEN NUTRITION IN THE ABINSKIY DISTRICT OF THE KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Y. Papulova ◽  
◽  
K.K Olkhovaya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Milling Yield ◽  
Different Doses

The work shows that application of increased doses of nitrogen does not significantly affect the total milling yield and affects the head rice content. The ambiguous nature of the variability of the grain quality of rice varieties under conditions of different doses of nitrogen fertilizers confirms the need for further studies of the varietal reaction to the level of nitrogen nutrition, based on it - the development of rice cultivation technology modes in order to obtain rice yield with high grain quality.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) For Cold Tolerance at The Bud Burst Stage in Rice Using SNP Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caijing Li ◽  
Jindong Liu ◽  
Jianxin Bian ◽  
Tao Jin ◽  
Baoli Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background: Rice is a crop that is very sensitive to low temperature, and its morphological development and production are greatly affected by low temperature. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of cold tolerance in rice is of great significance for mining favorable genes and cultivating excellent rice varieties. However, there were limited studies focusing on cold tolerance at the bud burst stage, therefore, considerable attention should be paid to the genetic basis of cold tolerance at the bud burst stage (CTBB).Results: In this study, a natural population consisting of 211 rice landraces collected from 15 provinces of China and other countries were firstly used to evaluate the cold tolerance at the bud burst stage. Population structure analysis showed that this population divided into three groups and was rich in genetic diversity. Our evaluation results confered that the japonica rice was more tolerance to cold at the bud burst stage than indica rice. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) were performed through the phenotypic data of 211 rice landraces and 36,727 SNPs dataset under a mixed linear model, and 12 QTLs (P < 0.0001) were identified according to the seedling survival rate (SSR) treated at 4 ℃, in which there are five QTLs (qSSR2-2, qSSR3-1, qSSR3-2, qSSR3-3 and qSSR9) which were co-located with previous studies, and seven QTLs (qSSR2-1, qSSR3-4, qSSR3-5, qSSR3-6, qSSR3-7, qSSR4 and qSSR7) which were reported for the first time. Among these QTLs, qSSR9, harboring the highest-peak SNP, explained biggest phenotypic variation. Through bioinformatics analysis, five genes (LOC_Os09g12440, LOC_Os09g12470, LOC_Os09g12520, LOC_Os09g12580 and LOC_Os09g12720) were nominated as candidates for qSSR9. Conclusion: This natural population consisting of 211 rice landraces with high density SNPs will serve as a better choice for identifying rice QTLs/genes in future, and the detected QTLs associated with cold tolerance in rice bud burst stage will be conducive to further mining favorable genes and breeding of rice varieties under cold stress.

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