scholarly journals Foliar application of sodium selenate induces regulation in yield formation, grain quality characters and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in fragrant rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Luo ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Longxin He ◽  
Axiang Zheng ◽  
Shenggang Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heading Stage

Abstract Background Selenium (Se) is a beneficial element for higher plants and essential for mammals. To study the effect of the foliar application of sodium selenate on fragrant rice performance, a pot experiment was conducted in Guangdong, China. At the initial heading stage, one-time foliar application of sodium selenate with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol·L− 1 (named CK, Se1, Se2, Se3, Se4 and Se5, respectively) were foliar applied on two fragrant rice varieties, ‘Meixiangzhan-2’ and ‘Xiangyaxiangzhan’. Results Selenate application at the initial heading stage not only improved the grain yield of fragrant rice by increasing the seed-setting rate and grain weight, but also promoted the grain quality by increasing crude protein contents and lowering the chalky rice rate. Furthermore, Se applications enhanced the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1- pyrroline (2-AP), the main aromatic compound, by increasing the contents of precursors (△1- pyrroline, proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C)) and the activities of enzymes (proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS), and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT)) in fragrant rice. The results also showed that foliar application of sodium selenate enhanced the antioxidant system of both varieties by promoting the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reducing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the real-time PCR analyses depicted that foliar application of selenate up-regulated the GPX1, GPX4 and CATC transcripts. The higher antioxidative enzymatic activities might strength the stress resistant to ensure the stability of yield in fragrant rice form abiotic stress. Conclusions Foliar applications of sodium selenate at the initial heading stage increased the grain 2-AP content by enhancing the biosynthesis-related enzymes and precursors. The grain yield and quality of fragrant rice also increased due to selenate application. Furthermore, foliar application of selenate promoted the activities of enzymes such as POD, SOD and CAT and up-regulated the expression of gene GPX4, GPX1 and CATC.

scholarly journals Exogenous application of zinc (Zn) at the heading stage regulates 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) biosynthesis in different fragrant rice genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Luo ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Longxin He ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Lian Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Heading Stage

AbstractZinc (Zn) is an important microelement for rice and plays a key role in many physiological processes. This study assessed the physio-biochemical responses involved in biosynthesis of 2-acety-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which is a key compound in the aroma of fragrant rice, in four different fragrant rice varieties, i.e., Meixiangzhan-2, Xiangyaxiangzhan, Ruanhuayou-134, and Yunjingyou. Four concentrations (0, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 g L−1) of zinc chloride were applied to fragrant rice foliage at the heading stage and named CK, Zn1, Zn2 and Zn3, respectively. Our results showed that compared with CK, the Zn1, Zn2 and Zn3 treatments all significantly increased the 2-AP concentration in mature grains of the four fragrant rice genotypes. Furthermore, exogenous application of Zn not only enhanced the activities of enzymes, including proline dehydrogenase (PDH), △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS), and diamine oxidase (DAO), which are involved in 2-AP biosynthesis, but also improved the contents of the related precursors, such as Δ1-pyrroline, proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C). In addition, compared to the CK treatment, the Zn2 treatment markedly increased the net photosynthetic rate of fragrant rice during the grain filling stage and increased the seed-setting rate, 1000-grain weight and grain yield in all fragrant rice genotypes. Foliar application of Zn also markedly increased the grain Zn content. In general, 1.00 g L−1 seemed to be the most suitable application concentration because the highest 2-AP content and grain weight were recorded with this treatment.

scholarly journals Response of wheat cultivars to foliar potassium fertilization under irrigated saline environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
A. Sarangi ◽  
D. K. Singh ◽  
A.R. Rao ◽  
S. Sudhishri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Heading Stage

A field experiment with split-split plot design (SSPD) was conducted to study the response of two winter wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) cultivars (viz. salt tolerant cultivar KRL-1-4 and salt non-tolerant cultivar HD-2894) under saline irrigation regimes with and without foliar potassium fertilization on growth and grain yield of wheat during rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13. Potassium in the ratio of K+: Na+ (1: 10) was applied as foliar application during the heading stage of the crop. Results showed that the grain yield of KRL-1-4 and HD-2894 cultivars with foliar potassium fertilization at the heading stage increased by 6.5 to 22% and 3 to 15% during rabi 2011-2012, respectively under different saline irrigation regimes as compared to the control. Moreover, the results of rabi 2012-13 showed an increase in grain yield ranging from 4.5 to 20% for KRL-1-4 as compared to the control. Statistical analysis of grain yield parameter showed that the foliar potassium application in both varieties resulted in significant yield difference at 0.05 probability level as compared to the non-foliar application. Overall, it was observed that the foliar potassium fertilization increased the grain yield of both wheat cultivars, while the salt tolerant cultivar performed better than the salt non-tolerant cultivar under irrigated saline regimes.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heritability of selected rice varieties for grain yield, its components and grain quality characters

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshdfar ◽  
Babak Rabiei
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was conducted to determine the combining ability and heritability of rice grain yield, its components and some grain quality traits such as amylose content (AC), gelatinization temperature (GT), gel consistency (GC) and head rice recovery (HRR). The study was commenced by crossing the selected rice varieties based on a full diallel mating design. The F1 was harvested at the end of the season. In the following season, the crossed, reciprocal and parental lines were planted in randomly complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all traits. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method showed highly significant differences for GCA for number of panicles per plant (PN), amylose content, gelatinization temperature and head rice recovery. Highly significant differences were also observed for both SCA and REC for all evaluated characters. The results showed that the grain yield (GY), number of filled grains (FGN), 100-grain weight (HGW) and GC were controlled by non-additive gene action, while the inheritance of PN, AC, GT and HRR were largely controlled by additive gene effects, although non- additive genetic components and reciprocal effect were also involved, which suggest that a selection process could be done in the early generations. The two improved lines (RI18442-1 and RI18430-46) were found to be good general combiners for GY and FGN, while the best combiners for PN was Tarom Mohali and IR50 and for HGW was RI18430-46. The best combinations for GY were RI18430-46 ? IR50, Tarom Mohali ? RI18447-2 and Daylamani ? RI18430-46. The good hybrids were Tarom Mohali ? IR50, Line23 ? RI18447-2 and Line23 ? Backcross line for AC. Narrow sense heritability showed that the GY and GC had the lowest values while the other traits had either moderate or high heritability, which indicates selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favorable genes. In present study, narrow sense heritability was high for AC and moderate for GT, PN and HRR.

scholarly journals Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kifayatullah Kakar ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Saidajan Abdiani ◽  
Imran Khan Wafa ◽  
Zubair Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Panicle Number

Rice is an important staple food for Afghans. Its production has been increased, and attention is needed to improve grain quality. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth, yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and morphological structures of four exotic rice varieties widely grown in Afghanistan (Attai-1, Jalalabad-14, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass). Antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), of rice grain were determined. A scanning electron microscopic observation was conducted on the cross-cut section of dehulled rice grains. The results showed a wide variation among four rice varieties for growth, grain yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and morphology. Tiller and panicle number per hill, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and antioxidant activities were found to be highest in Jalalabad-14. Attai-1 showed lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents with a high number of perfect grains, consequently enhanced taste point (score of quality). Grain yield, protein, and amylose contents showed a negative correlation with antioxidant activities. Accumulated structures in Attai-1, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass were normal; however, Jalalabad-14 increased protein bodies and its traces in the amyloplasts. Information on yield potential, grain quality, and nutritional value of these exotic rice varieties may useful for sustainable food provision and nutritional improvement of rice in Afghanistan.

Effects of Time and Method of Applying Nitrogen to Dwarf Wheats

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Jain ◽  
D. P. Maurya ◽  
H. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

SUMMARYLinear regression of grain and straw yield of dwarf wheats on level of fertilizer nitrogen was significant, but the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen was determined by the time and method of its application. A single application as a basal dressing was the least productive for grain yield, while split fertilization at sowing and at first irrigation increased the efficiency of applied nitrogen. Further splitting in three doses did not benefit wheat. Foliar application of nitrogen to replace top dressing at the heading stage was of no advantage while replacement of a top dressing at first irrigation by urea spray at heading was definitely deleterious.

scholarly journals Biofortification of Diverse Basmati Rice Cultivars with Iodine, Selenium, and Zinc by Individual and Cocktail Spray of Micronutrients

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Asif Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
Mumtaz Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Mustafa Atilla Yazici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Given that an effective combined foliar application of iodine (I), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) would be farmer friendly, compared to a separate spray of each micronutrient, for the simultaneous biofortification of grain crops, we compared effectiveness of foliar-applied potassium iodate (KIO3, 0.05%), sodium selenate (Na2SeO4, 0.0024%), and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4∙7H2O, 0.5%), separately and in their combination (as cocktail) for the micronutrient biofortification of four Basmati cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Foliar-applied, each micronutrient or their cocktail did not affect rice grain yield, but grain yield varied significantly among rice cultivars. Irrespective of foliar treatments, the brown rice of cv. Super Basmati and cv. Kisan Basmati had substantially higher concentration of micronutrients than cv. Basmati-515 and cv. Chenab Basmati. With foliar-applied KIO3, alone or in cocktail, the I concentration in brown rice increased from 12 to 186 µg kg−1. The average I concentration in brown rice with foliar-applied KIO3 or cocktail was 126 μg kg−1 in cv. Basmati-515, 160 μg kg−1 in cv. Chenab Basmati, 153 μg kg−1 in cv. Kisan Basmati, and 306 μg kg−1 in cv. Super Basmati. Selenium concentration in brown rice increased from 54 to 760 µg kg−1, with foliar-applied Na2SeO4 individually and in cocktail, respectively. The inherent Zn concentration in rice cultivars ranged between 14 and 19 mg kg−1 and increased by 5–6 mg Zn per kg grains by foliar application of ZnSO4∙7H2O and cocktail. The results also showed the existence of genotypic variation in response to foliar spray of micronutrients and demonstrated that a foliar-applied cocktail of I, Se, and Zn could be an effective strategy for the simultaneous biofortification of rice grains with these micronutrients to address the hidden hunger problem in human populations.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Sources of Zinc and Iron on Grain Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Quality Parameters of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
E. Ajay Kumar ◽  
K. Surekha ◽  
K. Bhanu Rekha ◽  
S. Harish Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2018 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU to evaluate the effect of various sources of zinc and iron on grain yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality parameters of finger millet. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 14 treatments and replicated thrice.The results revealed that application of different Zinc and iron sources at different rates significantly influenced the grain yield, nutrient (N, P and K) uptake and grain quality parameters (protein and calcium content) of finger millet. Highest grain yield (3653 kg ha-1), protein (11.25%) and calcium content (2.33%) in grain were obtained in the treatment receiving RDF + foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with treatment receiving RDF + foliar application of Fe-humate twice at 30 and 60 DAS (3612 kg ha-1, 10.90% and 2.0%) and the lowest grain yield (1995 kg ha-1), (6.25%) and calcium content (1.10%) were recorded with application of RDF alone. The nutrient uptake (N, P, K and Fe) at all the crop growth stages was significantly higher with the treatment receiving RDF (60:40:30 kg N,P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) + foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with treatment receiving RDF+ foliar application of Fe-humate twice at 30 and 60 DAS. Highest iron uptake was recorded in treatment receiving RDF+foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with T8, T14 treatments.The highest nutrient uptake of Zinc was obtained in treatment receiving RDF + Zn Humate foliar spray @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 days after sowing which was on par with treatment receiving RDF + Zn Humate soil  application. Contrary to the grain yield, nutrient uptake, protein and calcium content there were no significant differences between treatments with respect to Zn, Fe and carbohydrate content in grain.

scholarly journals Lodging Resistance as Related to Root Traits for Mechanized Wet Seeding of Two Super Rice Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Zhang ◽  
Zhaowen Mo ◽  
Juan Liao ◽  
Shenggang Pan ◽  
Xiongfei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Superficial Area ◽  
Heading Stage

The mechanical hill wet-seeded rice machine is benefits to establish uniform seedling, and ditches were established by using this machine. However, little knowledge is known on the effect of the establishment of ditches on growth, lodging and yield, and their relationship with root traits. In this study, two field experiments were conducted during 2012 and 2013 with using two super rice varieties (i.e. hybrid rice ‘Peizataifeng’ and inbred rice ‘Yuxiangyouzhan’) grown under three ditches establishment treatments (i.e. T1: both water ditches and seed ditches were established by the machine, T2: seed ditches were established by the machine, T3: neither water nor seed ditches were established by the machine). The lodging index and lodging resistance traits, the grain yield and above-ground dry weight and the root traits were measured. The results showed that the lodging index was significantly affected by the treatments with ditches. The strongest lodging resistance was detected in mechanical hill wet-seeded rice with ditches treatment in both 2012 and 2013. The lodging resistance was strongly related to the breaking resistance, the root volume and root superficial area at the heading stage and maturity stage and the total root length at the heading stage. No significant difference was investigated in grain yield or dry weight of mechanical hill wet-seeded rice. Yuxiangyouzhan showed higher grain yield, dry weight and better lodging resistance but unfavorable root growth attributes than Peizataifeng. Therefore, the mechanical hill wet-seeded rice with ditches treatment increased rice lodging resistance is related to root traits.

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