scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND FIELD GERMINATION OF WINTER TRITICALE DEPENDING ON VARIETY AND NORMAL SEEDING SEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Леонид Шашкаров ◽  
Leonid Shashkarov ◽  
Светлана Толстова ◽  
Svetlana Tolstova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Plant Stand

The article deals with the issues of plant density and field germination of winter triticale on gray forest soils of the southeastern part of the Volga-Vyatka zone depending on the variety and seeding rates. The question of establishing the optimum density of sowing, the area of food for grain crops served as the object of study by many researchers. The urgency of the issue of creating optimal sowing density is explained by the fact that the factors that determine the magnitude of the yield are constantly changing. The plant stand density and field germination of winter triticale are significantly influenced by the weather conditions formed during the growing season of winter triticale plants. With an increase in seeding rates, the plant stand density and seeding rate increases, respectively, is important for the formation of a given density of productive stalks. In production, these elements of technology are often underestimated and often unjustifiably overestimate the seeding rate, which is absolutely unnecessary, since the really possible yield is achieved at an optimal seeding rate with minimal seed consumption. The winter triticale seeding rates, both in Russia and in the world as a whole varies from 2 to 8 million viable seeds per hectare. The urgency of the issue of creating optimal sowing density is explained by the fact that the factors that determine the magnitude of the yield are constantly changing. Until now, there is no consensus on the dependence of planting density on the degree of fertility. Some researchers believe that nutrient-rich soil requires less seed for maximum yield. Under these conditions, the plants develop better, they bush more, the maximum yield can be obtained with a lower seeding rate. The opposite opinion that it is necessary to sow thicker on rich soils has become widespread, especially in recent years. Advocates of the bottom conclusion explain their point of view by the fact that fertile soil has a greater supply of food and moisture, therefore, more plants can be grown on the same area, which means that the seeding rate should be increased [1,2.3,4.5,6,7]. Research results indicate that winter triticale with increasing seeding rates increases plant density and field germination of winter triticale plants.

Efficacy of high seeding rates to increase grain yield of winter wheat and winter triticale in southern Alberta

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross H McKenzie ◽  
Eric Bremer ◽  
Allan B Middleton ◽  
Pat G Pfiffner ◽  
Robert F Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
The Impact

Field trials were conducted for 3 yr (2002/2003 to 2004/2005) at three locations in southern Alberta to determine the impact of seeding rate and opener type on plant stand and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). Responses were determined for an optimum date of seeding in early to mid-September and for a late seeding in early to mid-October. Conditions were generally favourable for crop establishment, winter survival and growth, and average site yields ranged from 4.5 to 8.9 Mg ha-1. The disc opener increased spring plant density by 12.5% compared with the hoe opener, but did not affect grain yield. Spring plant density was 23% lower for winter triticale than winter wheat and 20% lower for October-seeded cereals than September-seeded cereals. Late seeding reduced grain yields of winter wheat and winter triticale by an average of 18 and 11%, respectively. Increases in target seeding rates from 150 to 350 plants m-2 (approximately 70 to 160 kg ha-1) did not affect grain yield and quality of September-seeded cereals, but increased grain yield of late-seeded crops by an average of 5 kg per kg increase in seeding rate. High seeding rates did not fully compensate for yield losses caused by late seeding. Key words: Triticum aestivum, × Triticosecale, plant stand density, yield

scholarly journals Spatial arrangement of maize plants aiming to maximize grain yield in the hybrid BRS-3046

2020 ◽  
pp. 1662-1669
Author(s):  
Marcus Willame Lopes Carvalho ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Junior ◽  
Carlos Antônio Ferreira de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing

The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the effect of different spatial arrangements on morpho-physiological characteristics and (ii) determine the optimal spatial arrangement to maximize grain yield of the maize hybrid BRS-3046 grown in the Mid-North region of Brazil. We tested two row spacings (0.5 and 1 m) and five plant densities (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 plants m-2), which corresponded to 10 different plant spatial arrangements. Different morphophysiological variables, gas exchange rates and grain yield were measured. The increased planting density led to a linear increase in LAI, regardless of row spacing, while the net CO2 assimilation rate increased until the density of 4 and 6 plants m-2, under a row spacing of 0.5 and 1.0 m, respectively. On the other hand, we found a linear reduction in the stomatal conductance with increasing planting density. The intercellular CO2 concentration and the transpiration rate were higher in the widest row spacing. The instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation, in turn, showed a slight increase up to the density of six plants m-2, then falling, regardless of row spacing. Increasing plant density resulted in a linear increase in plant height and ear insertion height, regardless of row spacing. However, it had an opposite effect on stem diameter. Grain yield, in turn, increased up to 7.3 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 0.5 m and 8 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 1.0 m. This spatial arrangement was considered as ideal for achieving maximum yield

Yield-density relationships and optimum plant populations in two cultivars of solid-seeded dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Adrian M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Density Relationship

There is relatively little agronomic information on solid-seeded production of dry bean in western Canada. Recommended seeding density for dry bean can depend on the growth habit of the plant, the yield–density relationship, percent emergence, seed cost and environment. The objective of this study was to determine the yield–density relationships in two determinate bush type cultivars of dry bean and the optimum plant population under solid-seeded production in Saskatchewan. CDC Camino, a late-season pinto bean and CDC Expresso, a medium-season-length black bean were the cultivars evaluated. In most sites, the yield-density relationship of the cultivars was asymptotic and an optimum plant density for maximum yield could not be determined. Camino generally required a lower plant population to reach a given yield than Expresso. Increasing plant population did not affect 1000-seed weight. Higher seeding rate did result in a greater number of seeds produced m-2, with Expresso having a greater increase in seed produced m-2 compared with Camino. Expresso was required to be at higher plant densities than Camino to maximize economic returns. This reflects the differences between cultivars in yield-density relationship and seed cost, as Camino has a heavier 1000-seed weight than Expresso. Saskatchewan bean growers wishing to maximize profit should target plant populations for Expresso and Camino of approximately 50 and 25 plants m-2, respectively. Key words: Saskatchewan, yield components, non-linear regression, seeding rate, narrow rows, solid-seeded

scholarly journals Agronomic practices for red lentil in Alberta

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-840
Author(s):  
R. Bowness ◽  
M.A. Olson ◽  
D. Pauly ◽  
R.H. McKenzie ◽  
C. Hoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
N Management ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Lentil was seldom grown in Alberta prior to 2015 due to the lack of demonstrated ability to achieve adequate yields, even though it was potentially well adapted to most agricultural regions within the province. We conducted field trials at five locations for 4 yr to determine potential productivity and optimum seeding rate, N management, and imidazolinone herbicide formulation for two imidazolinone-resistant red lentil cultivars across a broad geographic region in Alberta. Over the 4 yr of this study (2012–2015), the average yield potential of lentil ranged from 3000 to 3700 kg ha−1 at five locations. Maximum yield was consistently obtained when plant density exceeded 90 plants m−2. Lentil yield was not influenced by rhizobia inoculation, N fertilizer rate, or their interaction. Application of imidazolinone-based herbicide did not impact yield or nodulation of the lentil cultivars used in this study. High productivity of two imidazolinone-resistant red lentil cultivars was attainable over a broad geographic region in Alberta.

scholarly journals Seed production formation of food sorghum hybrids depending on sowing terms and weather conditions of vegetation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
A.A. Sviridov ◽  
A.K. Fursova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Biological Yield

It was studied the influence of the hydrothermal regime and sowing time on field germination, shoots density, dry mass of plants during vegetation and biological yield of hybrids of food sorghum. On the basis of correlation and regression analysis, the closeness of relations between the GTC of the vegetation period and the studying structural and biometric parameters of food sorghum hybrids is determined. Keywords: field germination, plant density, food sorghum, productivity, shoots, weather conditions, biological yield, sowing time.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Nicandra physaloides (variety Nakhodka) under the conditions of the steppe zone of the Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov ◽  
Nataliya Viktorovna Nikolaychenko ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Strizkov ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Zaytcev ◽  
Vladimir Ivanovich Norovyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Maximum Field ◽  
Vegetation Phase

The results of long-term studies of botanical, biological and agrotechnical features of the new introduced fodder culture Nicandra physaloides are presented. The maximum field germination (76.5%) was after sowing with a row spacing of 30 cm and a seeding rate of 0.15 million pcs / ha. The assimilation apparatus of Nikandra is formed in close dependence on weather conditions, the vegetation phase, and growing techniques. The maximum rates of leaf surface formation were in the budding – flowering phase. With an increase in planting density, the leaf surface increases and reaches the highest rates (45.50 thousand m2 / ha) with a seeding rate of 0.25 million pcs / ha in sowing with a row spacing of 45 cm, which is 1.4 times lower than with a minimum seeding rate (0.15 million pcs / ha) and the same sowing method. The accumulation of green and dry biomass took place analogously to the formation of the leaf surface. On average, over the years of research, maximum results on the yield of green mass (40.3 t / ha), the number of feed units (7.52 t / ha), digestible protein (1.06 t / ha), the content of digestible protein in 1 fodder unit (140.8 g) was after a wide-row sowing method (45.0 cm) and a seeding rate of 0.2 million pcs / ha. It is shown that a decrease and an increase in the seeding rate leads to a decrease in the biomass yield of the Nikandra by 12–15%.

INTERNAL CONTROL IN DETERMINING OF SEED RAW COTTON YIELD

1970 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
D. K. Rashidova ◽  
М. M. Yakubov ◽  
Sh. T. Sharipov ◽  
N. M. Mamedov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
North Latitude ◽  
Research Institute

Laboratory and field experiments were carried out at the experimental site of the Research Institute of Breeding, Seed Production and Agricultural Technology of Cotton Growing, located in the Kibray District of the Tashkent Region at 42 degrees north latitude, at an altitude of 481 m above sea level. The soil is a typical, cultivated gray soil of old irrigation from the Boz-Su main channel. Agrotechnical measures were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Uzbek Cotton Research Institute for the conditions of typical gray soils with deep groundwater. For each fruit branch the weight of one capsule, the number and weight of 1000 seed pieces were determined under laboratory conditions, their germination. It is shown that the high quality of cotton seeds guarantees control over their varietal and sowing characteristics. The yield, and therefore the number and size of the bolls are influenced by many factors – climate, soil, growing zones, annual rates of NPK mineral fertilizers, irrigation regime, agrotechnical methods, and others. Most of all yield volume depends on the rate of application of mineral fertilizers. On sown areas the field germination of cotton seeds, as a rule, is no more than 75-80%. Bringing it to 90% and above will provide the most complete plant stand density, while the seeding rate will decrease and the weight of 1000 seed pieces will increase. It was revealed that this indicator in comparison with the number of seeds in one seed capsule by the tightness of the connection, is characterized by a curvilinear dependence with a correlation ratio η = 0.885. The closeness of the connection between the field seeds germination and the opening of the capsules was established: with it’s increasing the percentage of opening decreases.

scholarly journals FORMATION THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PEA VARIETIES WITH THE DEFORMATION OF LIGNIN IN LEGUME’S VALVE DEPENDING ON CROPS DENSITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Александра Фадеева ◽  
Aleksandra Fadeeva ◽  
Ксения Шурхаева ◽  
Kseniya Shurhaeva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Viable Seeds

The optimal sowing density for realizing the potential of varieties is regulated by the seeding rate, which is subject to a strong dependence on genotypic features, the influence of agroecological, meteorological factors. The aim of the research is to study the effect of various seeding rates on the realization of the productivity potential of new pea varieties Kaban and Fregat with parchment-free beans in contrasting conditions of moisture and heat supply in plant development phases. The conditions of 2014 were characterized by a deficit of moisture and an elevated temperature during the critical periods of plant growth. The size of the potential of varieties in 2015 was limited to a strict regime in the period of plant development and the formation of reproductive organs. The optimal sowing structure of Kaban variety was formed with a planting density of 1.0–1.2 million viable seeds. The best values of survival and conservation of plants in dry conditions were obtained when sowing with the minimum rate. With an improved moisture supply regime, they reached 95.0 and 98.3%. The planting structure of the leafless small seed Fregat variety under conditions of moisture deficiency was characterized by an increase in field germination, plant survival and survival, respectively, up to 100.0, 97.8 and 97.9% when sown with a density of 1.4 million germinating seeds. The optimal structure was formed at a seeding rate of 1.2 million viable seeds with field germination values of 97.5, a survival rate of 93.3 and a plant life of 95.7%. The increase in planting density led to an aggravation of the competitive relationship of plants, manifested in a decrease in the value of the seed mass with plants, regardless of the varietal characteristics. A high proportion of the effect on the variability of this indicator was proved, depending on the seeding rate, reaching 70.8-90.3% for varieties. The significant effect of the conditions of the year was estimated by a low proportion of influence (8.3–9.7%), the interaction of these factors did not have a significant effect. The maximum productivity of sowing per unit area, determined by the density of plants and their seed mass, when deducting seeds spent on sowing, Kaban variety was formed at a seeding rate of 1.2 million viable seeds, regardless of the conditions of the year. The optimum planting density of Fregat variety is 1.0 in arid and 1.2 million viable seeds with an increase in moisture supply.

Basal branching in field pea cultivars and yield-density relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Spies ◽  
T. Warkentin ◽  
S. Shirtliffe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Lower Plant ◽  
Target Plant

The current recommended plant density in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in western Canada is 88 plants m–2. This rate may exceed the optimum for yield in cultivars with more basal branching than typical. The objective of this research was to determine how the seed yield of pea cultivars differing in basal branching ability responds to changes in plant density. Ten pea cultivars were sown at target plant populations of 10, 30, 90, 120, and 150 plant m–2 for 3 yr at Rosthern and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. At very low plant densities there was greater than a twofold difference in branching potential between cultivars (range 0.85 to 1.99 branches plant–1). Increasing field pea plant density reduced branching by 0.097 branches for each additional plant. The response of yield to plant density differed, as the forage cultivars 40-10 and CDC Sonata reached their potential yield at lower densities, while Courier required higher densities to reach the same proportion of yield. Field pea cultivars with greater basal branching achieved their maximum yield at lower plant densities compared with cultivars with low basal branching. The optimum economic plant density for the pea cultivars ranged from 59 to 84 plants m–2, which is below the current recommended plant density. However, with the exception of the forage cultivars and the low-branching cultivar Courier, the optimum seeding rate was within 8% of 88 seeds m–2. It is recommended that pea growers avoid low-branching pea cultivars and seed at a rate of 88 viable seeds m–2.Key words: Basal branching, seeding rate, plant density, light interception, leafed pea, semi-leafless pea, forage pea

scholarly journals Bayesian approach for maize yield response to plant density from both agronomic and economic viewpoints in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina Lacasa ◽  
Adam Gaspar ◽  
Mark Hinds ◽  
Sampath Jayasinghege Don ◽  
Dan Berning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
Attainable Yield

Abstract Targeting the right agronomic optimum plant density (AOPD) for maize (Zea mays L.) is a critical management decision, but even more when the seed cost and grain selling price are accounted for, i.e. economic OPD (EOPD). From the perspective of improving those estimates, past studies have focused on utilizing a Frequentist (classical) approach for obtaining single-point estimates for the yield-density models. Alternative analysis models such as Bayesian computational methods can provide more reliable estimation for AOPD, EOPD and yield at those optimal densities and better quantify the scope of uncertainty and variability that may be in the data. Thus, the aims of this research were to (i) quantify AOPD, EOPD and yield at those plant densities, (ii) obtain and compare clusters of yield-density for different attainable yields and latitudes, and (iii) characterize their influence on EOPD variability under different economic scenarios, i.e. seed cost to corn price ratios. Maize hybrid by seeding rate trials were conducted in 24 US states from 2010 to 2019, in at least one county per state. This study identified common yield-density response curves as well as plant density and yield optimums for 460 site-years. Locations below 40.5 N latitude showed a positive relationship between AOPD and maximum yield, in parallel to the high potential level of productivity. At these latitudes, EOPD depended mostly on the maximum attainable yield. For the northern latitudes, EOPD was not only dependent on the attainable yield but on the cost:price ratio, with high ratios favoring reductions in EOPD at similar yields. A significant contribution from the Bayesian method was realizing that the variability of the estimators for AOPD is sometimes greater than the adjustment accounting for seed cost. Our results point at the differential response across latitudes and commercial relative maturity, as well as the significant uncertainty in the prediction of AOPD, relative to the economic value of the crop and the seed cost adjustments.

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