scholarly journals Effects of Rhizobium Inoculation on N2 Fixation, Phytochemical Profiles and Rhizosphere Soil Microbes of Cancer Bush Lessertia frutescens (L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1675
Author(s):  
Manaka J. Makgato ◽  
Hintsa T. Araya ◽  
Christian P. du Plooy ◽  
Salmina N. Mokgehle ◽  
Fhatuwani N. Mudau
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation

Plant-beneficial microorganisms are determinants of plant health and productivity. However, the effects associated with secondary plant metabolism and interactions in the rhizosphere for Cancer bush Lessertia frutescens (L.) is unclear. The study was conducted to understand the mechanism of rhizobium inoculation for L. frutescens, variations in phytochemicals, soluble sugars, and soil–plant interactions in the rhizosphere. Four rhizobium inoculation levels (0, 100, 200, and 400 g) were evaluated under the field conditions to establish the antioxidant properties, soluble sugars, and rhizosphere soil microbial diversity at 150, 240, and 330 days after planting (d.a.p). Although inoculation did not significantly affect plant biomass and N2 fixation of L. frutescens, total phenolics and flavonoids were enhanced with the application of 200 g at 240 days after planting. The antioxidant values analyzed through FRAP (Ferric reducing power assay) were highest with 100 g inoculation at 240 days after planting. Water-soluble sugars such as fructose, sucrose, and glucose increased with the application of 400, 200, and 100 g rhizobium inoculation. The rhizosphere′s carbon source utilization profiles (CSUP) did not vary significantly, depicting the weaker ability in converting C, P, and N profiles. The lowest ß glucosidase activity was observed in the bulk soil with the lowest alkaline and acid phosphatase activities. Soil microbial populations present in the bulk sample demonstrated the smallest overall enzyme activities. The variation of different variables studied indicate the potential of rhizobium inoculation. However, further studies are required to ascertain the inoculation′s effectiveness for plant growth and rhizosphere microbial populations of L. frutescens.

Rhizosphere soil affects pear fruit quality under rain-shelter cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-691
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ming Chen ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Shao-Min Zeng ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Yong-Yan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Carbon

The use of rain shelters in pear cultivation has been shown to improve yields and the appearance and quality of fruit, as well as reduce diseases and pests; however, how rain shelters affect soil chemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and soil microbial diversity remains unknown. Here, we studied pear trees under rain-shelter cultivation and open-field cultivation in the same orchard and compared fruit quality, soil chemical characteristics, soil enzyme activity, and soil microbial diversity. Results showed that rain shelters can significantly (p < 0.05) increase the sugar content (sweetness) of pear fruits and decrease the content of acids. The levels of available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and water in soils under rain shelters were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in soils in open fields. Rain-shelter treatment increased soil polyphenol oxidase activity and decreased phosphomonoesterase, urease, and sucrase activity. Analysis of microbial carbon-source utilization rates and microbial diversity showed that open-field cultivation is beneficial for microbial carbon-source utilization and microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil. Our study found that rain-shelter cultivation is not beneficial to soil fertility, microbial carbon-source metabolism and utilization, matter cycling, or microbial diversity and that the use of rain shelters may require appropriate nutrient and organic matter supplementation to maintain long-term cultivation of crops; whereas, the effects of environmental factors on open-field cultivation are greater, and more refined water and fertilizer management is required to improve fruit quality.

scholarly journals Effects of Diuron Residues on the Growth Performance of Jute (Corchorus. olitorius) Plant and Its Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Solomon A. Adejoro ◽  
Ajoke C. Adegaye ◽  
Rex D. Aladesanwa
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Soil applied herbicides may persist to adversely affect rotational crops as well as perturb soil microbiological functions. This experiment therefore aimed at determining the effects of soil residual activity of diuron (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea) on Corchorus olitorius plants and on soil microbial population. Diuron herbicide was applied to potted soils at varying times of 12, 9, 6, 3 and zero weeks before planting Corchorus olitorius. Seed germination, seedling mortality, plant growth as well as soil microbial populations were determined. Results indicated that diuron, regardless of time of application significantly reduced growth parameters of C. olitorius plants few days after emergence, and this was followed by 100% die-back in the herbicide treated pots. Results further showed a reduction in soil microbial population with diuron application, and the reduction was inversely related to time of diuron application before sowing C. olitorius. Sensitive vegetables such as C. olitorius should not be sown to succeed a short season crop in which diuron had been applied to control weeds at the usual recommended rate of 3.0 kg a.i/ha. Allowance of a fallow period following the first crop might also help the soil microbial community to recover from diuron toxicity.

scholarly journals Effect of Ripening of Reduced-Fat White Cheese in Brine and Vacuum on Its Protein, Fatty Acid and Mineral Profiles, and Antioxidant Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroljub Barać ◽  
Zlatan Sarić ◽  
Tanja Vučić ◽  
Ivana Sredović Ignjatović ◽  
Danijel Milinčić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
White Cheese

Research background. Research background. The ripening of reduced-fat white cheese is affected by numerous factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of ripening environment (brine or vacuum plastic bags without brine) on the chemical composition, protein, fatty acid profiles and mineral content as well as antioxidant properties of industrially produced reduced-fat white cheese. Experimental approach. A low-fat white cheese was manufactured in an industrial scale from milk that remained after the production of kajmak and ripened for 60 days at 4 °C after packaging in a polystyrene container with brine containing 6 % salt or in vacuum-sealed polyethylene bags. The influence of ripening environment on proteolysis was monitored by the change of soluble nitrogen fractions as well as by SDS-PAGE of Tris-HCl extracts of cheese proteins under non-reducing conditions and water-soluble fractions under reducing conditions. An effect that ripening environment had on fatty acid and mineral content was also monitored. The change of antioxidant potential of investigated cheese during ripening was followed by the change of iron(II) chelating ability, reducing power and free-radical scavenging activity. Results and conclusions. The ripening environment differently affected proteolysis, fatty acid composition, mineral profiles and antioxidant properties of reduced-fat white cheese. White cheese ripened in brine had more intensive proteolytic changes than the cheese ripened in a vacuum, but also more intensive diffusion processes, especially between the 40th and 60th day of ripening. The brine ripened cheese had higher values of water-soluble nitrogen content, but lower contents of trichloroacetic acid-soluble and phosphotungstic acid-soluble nitrogen than a vacuum ripened cheese. Cheese ripened in brine had a lower content of almost all investigated macro- and microelements. After 60 days of ripening, in the cheese ripened in brine only myristic (C14:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were detected whereas in a vacuum ripened cheese C10:0-C16:0 fatty acids dominated. Vacuum ripened reduced-fat cheese had more favourable reducing power while white brined reduced-fat cheese had better radical scavenging activity and iron(II) chelating activity. Novelty and scientific contribution. Ripening in a vacuum becomes a useful method for obtaining high-valuable reduced-fat white cheese.

scholarly journals Characterization of Extra Early Spanish Clementine Varieties (Citrus clementina Hort ex Tan) as a Relevant Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Activity

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Laura Cebadera ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
Lillian Barros ◽  
Virginia Fernández-Ruiz ◽  
Rosa Mª Cámara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Citrus Clementina ◽  
Abundant Fatty Acid

The most relevant nutrients and bioactive compounds (soluble sugars, dietary fiber, ascorbic acid and organic acids, individual phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and tocopherols) as well as antioxidant activity have been characterized in three extra early varieties of clementine (Citrus clementina Hort ex Tan. Basol, Clemensoon and Clemenrubí) cultivated in Valencia (Spain). Clementines are a relevant source of bioactive compounds, such as vitamin C (values around 80 mg/100 g), allowing to satisfy the recommended daily intake with the consumption of a normal portion. Sucrose was the most abundant sugar, and potassium the main mineral while manganese was the least. Fat content was very low (<0.5 mg/100 g), with palmitic acid and α-tocopherol the most abundant fatty acid and vitamin E form, respectively. Flavonoids were the predominant phenolic compounds, with narirutin/naringin and (neo)hesperidin the best represented ones. The antioxidant capacity evaluated by reducing power, DPPH, and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assays was satisfactory with values similar to those reported in other citrus fruits. Thus, this fruit is a relevant source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties of interest for consumers and the food industry.

scholarly journals Microbial Structure and Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil under Different Forest Types in the Subtropical Zone of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuting Zhou ◽  
Jianjuan Li ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Xinlai Guo ◽  
Wei Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the soil microbial variability within different forest ecosystems (evergreen broad-leaf forest (EBF), coniferous forest (CF), subalpine dwarf forest (SDF) and alpine meadow (AM) at different altitudes in mid-subtropics of China. The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method was used to analyze the microbial communities in rhizosphere soil under different forest types. The relationships were also analyzed between the microbial diversity and soil nutrients. A total of 27 PLFA biomarkers were detected and the PLFA concentrations decreased in the sequence of bacteria > fungus > actinomycete > protozoa in all forest types. The microbial communities in the soil under all forest types were distinct. The predominant microflora in all soils were 18:1ω9c, 16:1ω7c, cy19:0, a17:0 and 18:0. The indexes of Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and Brillouin of soil microbial community diversity in these four forest types all showed a trend of EBF > CF > SDF > AM. According to principal component analyses (PCA), the variable variances of principal components 1 and 2, which were related to the PLFA biomarkers of soil microorganisms, were 67.67% and 17.91%, respectively. Furthermore, the total PLFAs of different soil microbial groups showed a correlation with soil nutrients and enzyme activities in all forest types. The soil microbial diversity gradually decreased in the order of EBF > CF > SDF > AM in the Daiyun Mountains. Different vegetation types affect soil microbial community composition and diversity by changing the soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity.

Influence of the zinc hyperaccumulatorThlaspi caerulescensJ. & C. Presl. and the nonmetal accumulatorTrifolium pratenseL. on soil microbial populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Delorme ◽  
J V Gagliardi ◽  
J S Angle ◽  
R L Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Thlaspi Caerulescens ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Metal hyperaccumulator plants like Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl. are used for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Since little is known about the rhizosphere of hyperaccumulators, the influence of T. caerulescens was compared with the effects of Trifolium pratense L. on soil microbes. High- and low-metal soils were collected near a zinc smelter in Palmerton, Penn. Soil pH was adjusted to 5.8 and 6.8 by the addition of Ca(OH)2. Liming increased bacterial populations and decreased metal toxicity to levels allowing growth of both plants. The effects of the plants on total (culturable) bacteria, total fungi, as well as cadmium- and zinc-resistant populations were assessed in nonrhizosphere and rhizosphere soil. Both plants increased microbial populations in rhizosphere soil compared with nonrhizosphere soil. Microbial populations were higher in soils planted with T. pratense, but higher ratios of metal-resistant bacteria were found in the presence of T. caerulescens. We hypothesize that T. caerulescens acidifies its rhizosphere. Soil acidification in the rhizosphere of T. caerulescens would affect metal uptake by increasing available metals around the roots and consequently, increase the selection for metal-resistant bacteria. Soil acidification may be part of the hyperaccumulation process enhancing metal uptake from soil.Key words: phytoremediation, Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl., Trifolium pratense L., rhizosphere, soil microbial populations.

scholarly journals The effect of in vitro digestion on antioxidant properties of water-soluble and insoluble protein fractions of traditional Serbian white- brined cheeses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Tanja Vučić ◽  
Danijel Milinčić ◽  
Miroljub Barać ◽  
Aleksandar Kostić ◽  
Olivera Ećim-Đurić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Total Antioxidant

The influence of simulated in vitro digestion on antioxidant potential of protein fractions of traditional Serbian white-brined cheeses was investigated. Water-soluble (WSF) and water-insoluble fractions (WINF) of three cow’s and three ovine white-brined cheeses were fractionated. Total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and iron (II) chelating properties of these fractions before and after in vitro digestion were assayed. The investigated protein fractions had different antioxidant properties. WSFs had a better total antioxidant capacity and reducing power and less pronounced iron (II) chelating properties than WINFs. A strong negative correlation (-0.818, P&lt;0.05) between the total antioxidant capacities of undigested WSF and WINF of traditional cheeses were observed. In vitro digestion greatly improved the total antioxidant capacities of WINFs (by 16.61-34.18 times), their reducing power (up to 95.77 %) and except in the case of Svrljig ovine cheese, the iron (II) chelating ability as well. A less pronounced increase (up to 71.29 %) of the total antioxidant capacity of WSFs was induced by in vitro digestion. In vitro digestion reduced reducing power of WSF of investigated ovine cheeses as well as reducing power of WSF of Homolje cow’s cheese. Since there was no significant correlation between the investigated antioxidant properties of digested WSFs and their free amino acids and mineral contents the observed differences should be attributed to different composition and properties of low molecular weight peptides. Thus, further investigations related to their isolation and characterization needs to be conducted. However, these results indicate that Serbian white-brined cheeses have great potential as source of antioxidant peptides.

scholarly journals The Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Antioxidant, ACE-Inhibitory and Antimicrobial Potentials of Traditional Serbian White-Brined Cheeses

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroljub Barac ◽  
Tanja Vucic ◽  
Sladjana Zilic ◽  
Mirjana Pesic ◽  
Marina Sokovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Ace Inhibitory

This study deals with the effect of in vitro digestion on the functional potential of traditional Serbian white-brined cheeses. The total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and iron (II) chelating properties as well as angiotensin-converting enyzme-inhibitory (ACE-inhibitory) and antimicrobial activities of traditional Serbian white-brined cheeses before and after in vitro digestion were assayed. The traditional cheeses had different antioxidant properties as well as different ACE-inhibitory activities. In vitro digestion improved the total antioxidant capacity (8.42–58.56 times) and the reducing power (by 17.90–99.30%) of investigated cheeses, whereas their chelating ability was slightly improved or unaffected after digestion. In vitro digestion reduced the ACE-inhibitory potential of water-soluble protein fractions, and digested water-insoluble fractions were the major source of ACE-inhibitory peptides. The digestates did not exhibit any antibacterial potential, whereas they showed moderate antifungal potential toward selected micromycetes. The best antifungal potential had Svrljig ovine cheese and Homolje cow cheese. The results of this study clearly point to a significant functionality of traditional white-brined cheeses.

scholarly journals Intercropping Alters the Soil Microbial Diversity and Community to Facilitate Nitrogen Assimilation: A Potential Mechanism for Increasing Proso Millet Grain Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Dang ◽  
Xiangwei Gong ◽  
Guan Zhao ◽  
Honglu Wang ◽  
Aliaksandr Ivanistau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
N Assimilation

Intercropping of cereals and legumes has been used in modern agricultural systems, and the soil microorganisms associated with legumes play a vital role in organic matter decomposition and nitrogen (N) fixation. This study investigated the effect of intercropping on the rhizosphere soil microbial composition and structure and how this interaction affects N absorption and utilization by plants to improve crop productivity. Experiments were conducted to analyze the rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and the relationship between microbial composition and N assimilation by proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) from 2017 to 2019. Four different intercropping row arrangements were evaluated, and individual plantings of proso millet and mung bean were used as controls. Microbial diversity and community composition were determined through Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes. The results indicated that intercropping increased N levels in the soil–plant system and this alteration was strongly dependent on changes in the microbial (bacterial and fungal) diversities and communities. The increase in bacterial alpha diversity and changes in unique operational taxonomic unit (OTU) numbers increased the soil N availability and plant N accumulation. Certain bacterial taxa (such as Proteobacteria) and fungal taxa (such as Ascomycota) were significantly altered under intercropping and showed positive responses to increased N assimilation. The average grain yield of intercropped proso millet increased by 13.9–50.1% compared to that of monoculture proso millet. Our data clearly showed that intercropping proso millet with mung bean altered the rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and community composition; thus, this intercropping system represents a potential mechanism for promoting N assimilation and increasing grain yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document