scholarly journals Chromosome Manipulation for Plant Breeding Purposes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Pilar Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chromosome Manipulation ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Breeding Techniques ◽  
Donor Species ◽  
Traditional Breeding

The transfer of genetic variability from related species into crops has been a main objective for decades in breeding programs. Breeders have used interspecific genetic crosses and alien introgression lines to achieve this goal, but the success is always dependent on the interspecific chromosome associations between the alien chromosomes and those from the crop during early meiosis. In this Special Issue, the strength of chromosome manipulation in a breeding framework is revealed through research and review papers that combine molecular markers, cytogenetics tools and other traditional breeding techniques. The papers and reviews included in this Special Issue “Chromosome manipulation for plant breeding purposes” describe the development and/or characterization of new plant material carrying desirable traits and the study of chromosome associations and recombination during meiosis. New tools to facilitate the transfer of desired traits from a donor species into a crop can be developed by expanding the knowledge of chromosome associations during meiosis.

scholarly journals Telomeres and Subtelomeres Dynamics in the Context of Early Chromosome Interactions During Meiosis and Their Implications in Plant Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Aguilar ◽  
Pilar Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Specific Chromosome ◽  
Chromatin Dynamics ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Manipulation ◽  
Chromosome Recombination ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Chromosome Regions ◽  
Donor Species

Genomic architecture facilitates chromosome recognition, pairing, and recombination. Telomeres and subtelomeres play an important role at the beginning of meiosis in specific chromosome recognition and pairing, which are critical processes that allow chromosome recombination between homologs (equivalent chromosomes in the same genome) in later stages. In plant polyploids, these terminal regions are even more important in terms of homologous chromosome recognition, due to the presence of homoeologs (equivalent chromosomes from related genomes). Although telomeres interaction seems to assist homologous pairing and consequently, the progression of meiosis, other chromosome regions, such as subtelomeres, need to be considered, because the DNA sequence of telomeres is not chromosome-specific. In addition, recombination operates at subtelomeres and, as it happens in rye and wheat, homologous recognition and pairing is more often correlated with recombining regions than with crossover-poor regions. In a plant breeding context, the knowledge of how homologous chromosomes initiate pairing at the beginning of meiosis can contribute to chromosome manipulation in hybrids or interspecific genetic crosses. Thus, recombination in interspecific chromosome associations could be promoted with the aim of transferring desirable agronomic traits from related genetic donor species into crops. In this review, we summarize the importance of telomeres and subtelomeres on chromatin dynamics during early meiosis stages and their implications in recombination in a plant breeding framework.

scholarly journals Development and characterization of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) markers in durian kura-kura (Durio testudinarius Becc.) using NGS data

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012082
Author(s):  
Mahat Magandhi ◽  
Sobir ◽  
Yudiwanti W.E. Kusumo ◽  
Sudarmono ◽  
Deden Derajat Matra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ssrs Markers ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Ngs Data ◽  
Simple Sequence

Abstract Durian Kura-kura (Durio testudinarius Becc.) belongs to the Malvaceae family and is an endemic species of Borneo. Recently, genomic-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have been carried out for germplasm conservation and plant breeding programs. The NGS technologies allow plant genomes to be sequenced quickly and inexpensively and enable the efficient development of SSR markers through the in-silico approaches. This study aimed to develop and characterize simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from the assembled genome. The 1203929 scaffolds of the assembled genome were produced from the Ray assembler. The SSRs were identified and extracted using the MISA program produced 4315 sequences containing SSRs. The six motif repeats of SSRs were identified; consist of 431 sequences of dinucleotide (the most motif is AT), 3257 sequences of trinucleotide (the most motif is TTA), 516 sequences of tetranucleotide (the most motif is AAAT), 89 sequences of pentanucleotide (the most motif is ATTTT), 18 sequences of hexanucleotide and four sequences of heptanucleotide. The new SSRs markers will be used in further studies of genetic population of D. testudinarius and plant breeding programs.

scholarly journals Keragaman Fenotipik dan Kekerabatan Plasma Nutfah Talas (Colocasia esculenta) Pulau Bangka berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Yani Kusumawati ◽  
Eries Dyah Mustikarini ◽  
Dan Gigih Ibnu Prayoga Prayoga
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Diversity ◽  
Parameters Analysis ◽  
Morphological Relationship

Germplasm diversity of local taro in Bangka as genetic resources for plant breeding purposes is still unknown. This research aimed to provide information on Bangka Taro’s variability and relationship for plant breeding programs. This research was conducted in December 2017 until February 2018. Characterization of the germplasm was performed on qualitative and quantitative parameters. Analysis of morphological relationships used the UPGMA method. Exploration obtained 27 germplasm of Bangka local taro. The results of the morphological relationship analysis showed nine clusters at a 0.57 coefficient (57%). Cluster one consisted of Tungkuk, Sayur, Hitam/Nyatoh, Rakit Hijau, Lilin, and Cantik Manis accessions. Cluster two consisted of Rakit Hitam accession. Cluster three consisted of Ganjung, Trans 2, Sungai Tebuk and Trans 1 accessions. Cluster four consisted of Sayang Anak, Pak Ugo and Trans 3 accessions. Cluster five consisted of Angit and Kelat Mentak Kelapa accessions. Cluster six consisted of Pelawan Toboali, Wangi/Colet and Simbang accessions. Cluster seven consisted of Alar accession. Cluster eight consisted of Pelawan Rukem, Kelat Mentak Rukem, Selaseh, Pinangbo and Telok Simbang accessions.Cluster nine consisted of Butir/Pikul and Butir Mentaram accessions. Bangka local taro had wide phenotypic variability in the observed morphological characters. Keywords: accesion, fenotipic, cluster, relationship, variability

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9 Technology and Applications in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Emine Açar ◽  
Yıldız Aka Kaçar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Breeding Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

In order to increase access to nutritious foods around the world, innovative technologies need to be developed and integrated into agricultural production systems. The new plant breeding techniques developed offer many advantages for making modifications in the plant genome. CRSPR/Cas9, one of the genome editing technologies, is an efficient system with high potential that allows the formation of target-oriented mutations in many agricultural products and allows the mutation of new and desired characters to be obtained through breeding programs without the use of foreign genetic elements. In this review, we have summarize the discovery, evalution, functionality, genome editing studies of plants and the strong potentials of CRSPR/Cas9 technology for plant breeding.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of 93 genotypes of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) with random amplified microsatellites RAMs

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
Yacenia Morillo C. ◽  
Ana Cruz Morillo C. ◽  
Jaime Eduardo Muñoz F. ◽  
William Ballesteros P. ◽  
Alonso González
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Random amplified microsatellite (RAMs) markers six were used to characterize 93 genotypes of cocoa in Tumaco (Colombia). Hundred twenty seven bands were generated. The number of polymorphic loci varied between 11 and 25 for the AG and TG primers, respectively. This study differentiated the 93 genotypes into six groups with a 0.53 similarity, 0.28 mean heterozygosity (He) for the population, and 0.12±0.02 genetic differentiation coefficient or Fst. A significant level of genetic diversity was evident in the T. cacao genotypes. This resource would benefit selection programs of individual trees or plant breeding programs. The genotypes clustered in a large proportion in accordance with the collection zone. This characteristic was associated with collection zones and along the rivers in the municipality of Tumaco. The RAM technique proved to be a useful tool for the determination of genetic diversity in Theobroma species.

scholarly journals Making waves in Breedbase: An integrated spectral data storage and analysis pipeline for plant breeding programs

tppj ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Hershberger ◽  
Nicolas Morales ◽  
Christiano C. Simoes ◽  
Bryan Ellerbrock ◽  
Guillaume Bauchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Analysis Pipeline ◽  
Breeding Programs

scholarly journals Editorial for Special Issue “Historical Mineral Pigments”

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Carolina Cardell ◽  
Jose Santiago Pozo-Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Glass Enamel ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

The physical–chemical characterization of natural and synthetic historical inorganic and mineral pigments, which may be found embedded in paintings (real or mock-ups), glass, enamel, ceramics, beads, tesserae, etc., as well as their alteration under different decay scenarios, is a demanding line of investigation. This field of research is now both well established and dynamic, as revealed by the numerous publications in high-quality journals of varied scientific disciplines. [...]

scholarly journals Special Issue: Advances in Computational Electromagnetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Valerio De Santis
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Computational Electromagnetics ◽  
Superconducting Materials ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Recent Advances

Recent advances in computational electromagnetics (CEMs) have made the full characterization of complex magnetic materials possible, such as superconducting materials, composite or nanomaterials, rare-earth free permanent magnets, etc [...]

scholarly journals A New Breeding Strategy towards Introgression and Characterization of Stay-Green QTL for Drought Tolerance in Sorghum

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Nasrein Mohamed Kamal ◽  
Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi ◽  
Hanan Abdeltwab ◽  
Ishtiag Abdalla ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
The Cost

Several marker-assisted selection (MAS) or backcrossing (MAB) approaches exist for polygenic trait improvement. However, the implementation of MAB remains a challenge in many breeding programs, especially in the public sector. In MAB introgression programs, which usually do not include phenotypic selection, undesired donor traits may unexpectedly turn up regardless of how expensive and theoretically powerful a backcross scheme may be. Therefore, combining genotyping and phenotyping during selection will improve understanding of QTL interactions with the environment, especially for minor alleles that maximize the phenotypic expression of the traits. Here, we describe the introgression of stay-green QTL (Stg1–Stg4) from B35 into two sorghum backgrounds through an MAB that combines genotypic and phenotypic (C-MAB) selection during early backcross cycles. The background selection step is excluded. Since it is necessary to decrease further the cost associated with molecular marker assays, the costs of C-MAB were estimated. Lines with stay-green trait and good performance were identified at an early backcross generation, backcross two (BC2). Developed BC2F4 lines were evaluated under irrigated and drought as well as three rainfed environments varied in drought timing and severity. Under drought conditions, the mean grain yield of the most C-MAB-introgression lines was consistently higher than that of the recurrent parents. This study is one of the real applications of the successful use of C-MAB for the development of drought-tolerant sorghum lines for drought-prone areas.

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