Postemergence Grass Control with Herbicides Applied at ULV in Paraffinic Oil

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester G. McWhorter ◽  
William L. Barrentine ◽  
James E. Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Paraffinic Oil

Variables affecting ultra-low-volume (ULV) application of herbicides for postemergence grass control in soybeans were evaluated in field experiments from 1988 to 1990. Air-assist applications of clethodim at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha–1were compared with 94 and 187 L ha–1applications with a conventional hydraulic sprayer. Rate of herbicide, volume of diluent, type of diluent, air pressure, and four other herbicides were evaluated. Clethodim at 28, 56, and 112 g ha–1applied in paraffinic oil at 2.3 L ha–1controlled johnsongrass better 10 wk after treatment than equivalent rates applied at 2.3 or 187 L ha–1in water. At 2.3 L ha–1, barnyardgrass control was improved by applying clethodim in paraffinic oil rather than water. Johnsongrass control 10 wk after treatment was better with clethodim at 28 g ha–1applied in paraffinic oil than when applied in soybean oil, cottonseed oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, kerosene, or jet A fuel. Low air pressures of 14 or 28 kPa resulted in better control of johnsongrass and barnyardgrass than higher pressures of 56 and 112 kPa. Clethodim, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, quizalofop, or sethoxydim were more effective on johnsongrass and barnyardgrass when applied in paraffinic oil than in water at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha–1with an air-assist sprayer.

Effects of Ultra-low Volume Application on Herbicide Efficacy Using Oil Diluents as Carriers

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daren R. Bohannan ◽  
Thomas N. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Water Field ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Petroleum Oil

The efficacy of postemergence herbicide applications was evaluated in the greenhouse and the field in 1993 and 1994, using variables of carrier volume and diluent type. Ultra-low volume (ULV) applications of herbicides using an air-assisted sprayer calibrated at a volume of 9.4 L/ha were compared to 94 and 187 L/ha applications with a conventional hydraulic system. In greenhouse studies, reduced rates of sethoxydim, clethodim, fluazifop-P, and quizalofop were used to compare the effects of carrier types and volumes on their efficacy to yellow foxtail. All herbicides applied in oil diluents at 9.4 L/ha, with the exception of fluazifop-P and quizalofop applied in soybean oil, provided better yellow foxtail control than when applied in water at 94 and 187 L/ha. Sethoxydim and clethodim applied at 25 and 16% of the recommended rate, respectively, provided over 90% control in both petroleum oil and methylated seed oil. Reduced rates of glyphosate in petroleum oil or soybean oil were more effective at reducing bermudagrass growth than in water or methylated seed oil. Activity of glyphosate in methylated seed oil was no more effective than in water. Field experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of ULV applications of sethoxydim, clethodim, fluazifop-P, imazethapyr, and bentazon. Rates of the postemergence grass herbicides could be reduced by applying them at ULV in oil diluents while maintaining annual grass control equal to that achieved with higher herbicide rates in larger volumes of water. Control of annual grasses and annual broadleaf weeds with bentazon and imazethapyr applied at ULV were inconsistent and did not provide acceptable weed control. This may be partially due to the poor suspension of these herbicides in oil carriers.

Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control in Reduced-Tillage Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) with Low-Volume Technology

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Bryson ◽  
James E. Hanks ◽  
Gene D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Invert Emulsion ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Paraffinic Oil

Field experiments conducted over three years at Stoneville, MS evaluated invert emulsion and oil diluents on the efficiacy of glyphosate and MSMA on purple nutsedge. The herbicides were applied at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ai/ha in an invert emulsion (oil-in-water) and a paraffinic oil at 19 L/ha (low-volume) and in water with a non-ionic surfactant (0.25% v/v) at 187 L/ha (high-volume). Purple nutsedge control with both herbicides was greater with the low-volume, invert emulsion and oil diluent applications than with high-volume, water diluent applications. Glyphosate and MSMA at 1.1 kg/ha in the oil diluent controlled purple nutsedge at least 88% when compared with the invert emulsion (≥ 75 and ≥ 76%, respectively) and water (≥ 42 and ≥ 44%, respectively) diluents. Cotton injury and seed cotton yields were unaffected by any treatment with MSMA but glyphosate with each diluent caused unacceptable cotton injury and seed cotton yield reduction.

USE OF NORTHERN ECOTYPE SOYBEANS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
SERGEY N. DEVYANIN ◽  
◽  
VLADIMIR A. MARKOV ◽  
ALEKSANDR G. LEVSHIN ◽  
TAMARA P. KOBOZEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Oil Productivity ◽  
Toxic Components

The paper presents the results of long-term research on the oil productivity and chemical composition of soybean oil of the Northern ecotype varieties in the Central Non-Black Earth Region. The authors consider its possible use for biodiesel production. Experiments on growing soybeans were carried out on the experimental fi eld of Russian State Agrarian University –Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (2008-2019) on recognized ultra-early ripening varieties of the Northern ecotype Mageva, Svetlaya, Okskaya (ripeness group 000). Tests were set and the research results were analyzed using standard approved methods. It has been shown that in conditions of high latitudes (57°N), limited thermal resources of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia (the sum of active temperatures of the growing season not exceeding 2000°С), the yield and productivity of soybeans depend on the variety and moisture supply. Over the years, the average yield of soybeans amounted to 1.94 … 2.62 t/ha, oil productivity – 388 … 544 kg/ha, oil content – 19…20%, the content of oleic and linoleic fatty acids in oil – 60%, and their output from seeds harvested – 300 kg/ha. It has been established that as soybean oil and diesel fuel have similar properties,they can be mixed by conventional methods in any proportions and form stable blends that can be stored for a long time. Experimental studies on the use of soybean oil for biodiesel production were carried out on a D-245 diesel engine (4 ChN11/12.5). The concentrations of toxic components (CO, CHx, and NOx) in the diesel exhaust gases were determined using the SAE-7532 gas analyzer. The smoke content of the exhaust gases was measured with an MK-3 Hartridge opacimeter. It has been experimentally established that the transfer of a diesel engine from diesel fuel to a blend of 80% diesel fuel and 20% lubrication oil leads to a change in the integral emissions per test cycle: nitrogen oxides in 0.81 times, carbon monoxide in 0.89 times and unburned hydrocarbons in 0.91 times, i.e. when biodiesel as used as a motor fuel in a serial diesel engine, emissions of all gaseous toxic components are reduced. The study has confi rmed the expediency of using soybeans of the Northern ecotype for biofuel production.

Application of time-domain NMR as a methodology to quantify adulteration of diesel fuel with soybean oil and frying oil

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyelle A. Cunha ◽  
Álvaro C. Neto ◽  
Luiz A. Colnago ◽  
Eustáquio V.R. Castro ◽  
Lúcio L. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Frying Oil

Performance and emissions characteristics of biodiesel from soybean oil

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Canakci
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Alternative Diesel Fuel ◽  
Performance And Emissions

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils, waste frying oils, and animal fats. It is an oxygenated, non-toxic, sulphur-free, biodegradable, and renewable fuel. Many engine manufacturers have included this fuel in their warranties since it can be used in diesel engines without significant modification. However, the fuel properties such as cetane number, heat of combustion, specific gravity, and kinematic viscosity affect the combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics. In this study, the engine performance and emissions characteristics of two different petroleum diesel fuels (No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels) and biodiesel from soybean oil and its 20 per cent blends with No. 2 diesel fuel were compared. The results showed that the engine performance of the neat biodiesel and its blend was similar to that of No. 2 diesel fuel with nearly the same brake fuel conversion efficiency, and slightly higher fuel consumption. CO2 emission for the biodiesel was slightly higher than for the No. 2 diesel fuel. Compared with diesel fuels, biodiesel produced lower exhaust emissions, except NO x.

Effect of Drift Retardant Adjuvants on Spray Droplet Size of Water and Paraffinic Oil Applied at Ultralow Volume

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Paraffinic Oil

Adjuvants were evaluated to determine the effect on increasing spray droplet size and reducing the amount of spray dispensed in small driftable size particles when applying water and paraffinic oil at ultralow volume. Spray solutions were applied with an air-assist system at liquid flow rates of 28 and 56 ml/min and atomized with 14, 28, 42, 56, and 84 kPa of air pressure. Water and paraffinic oil were applied alone and with two drift retardant adjuvants mixed individually in each. The two water soluble adjuvants were mixed at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0%; oil soluble adjuvants were applied at 0.125, 0.25, and 0.50%. Adjuvants used in water and oil were effective at increasing droplet size and reducing the amount of liquid dispensed in small driftable size particles. Effectiveness of the adjuvants decreased as air pressures increased, with water soluble adjuvants being more susceptible to air pressure. Volume median diameters > 200 μm with water could be achieved without adjuvants; whereas with oil, an adjuvant was required.

Heavy-duty engine exhaust emission tests using methyl ester soybean oil/diesel fuel blends

1996 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Schumacher ◽  
S.C. Borgelt ◽  
D. Fosseen ◽  
W. Goetz ◽  
W.G. Hires
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Fuel Blends

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bio-additive for Low Sulphur Diesel: Transesterification of Soybean Oil and Ethylene Glycol using K2CO3 Catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Rhiby Ainur Basit Hariyanto ◽  
R. Arizal Firmansyah ◽  
R. Y. Perry Burhan ◽  
Yulfi Zetra
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Additive Compound

The desulphurization process of diesel fuel is carried out to reduce the amount of SO2 emissions that can cause acid rain. However, the desulphurization process in diesel fuel not only removes the sulfur compounds but polyaromatic and polar compounds are also eliminated during this process. The loss of these two compounds can reduce the lubricity properties of diesel fuel. Therefore, it is necessary to add an additive compound that can increase the lubricity properties. In this research, 2-hydroxyethyl ester (HEE) was synthesized as an additive to increase the lubricity of diesel fuel. This compound was synthesized through the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and ethylene glycol with K2CO3 as the base catalyst. The composition of the synthesized additives was analyzed using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results of GC-MS spectrum analysis, it is known that the 2-hydroxyethyl ester compound has been formed with a yield of 66.5% (relative to the area of the chromatogram peak). The HEE compound obtained is a mixture of 2 hydroxyethyl palmitate, 2 hydroxyethyl linoleate, 2 hydroxyethyl stearate, 2 hydroxyethyl arachidonate, 2 hydroxyethyl nervate, and 2 hydroxyethyl behenate.

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