scholarly journals Behavioral responses of freshwater bivalve mussel Unio pictorum to household derivatives of petroleum products

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
P.V. Gaisky ◽  
◽  
O.A. Stepanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
White Spirit ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Brake Fluid ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Unio Pictorum

Petroleum products are one of the most common pollutants in water environments. Despite the fact that they do not belong to the mass of particularly dangerous toxic substances, their presence in the surface film, in dissolved form and sedimentary material adversely affects the life of marine and freshwater native flora and fauna. The list of sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations “Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipes” specifies only general cartographic and design requirements. Thus, the purity and safety of fresh water used for irrigation and human activity without regular monitoring remains questionable. Bioelectronic monitoring of oil pollution in water sources using laboratory flow systems or submersible autonomous meters is becoming more and more relevant. Since field experiments with in these studies are in most cases impossible, it is logical to base on the results of laboratory experiments that are as close as possible to natural conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the possibility of automated detection of some common household derivatives of petroleum products in surface water sources is evaluated using a bioelectronic complex and bivalve freshwater mollusks (Unio pictorum) as part of environmental monitoring. The probability of actual detection of used petroleum products is estimated as “high” for diesel fuel, “medium” for kerosene and white spirit, and “low” for engine oil and brake fluid. The probability of detection as toxicants: “high” for diesel fuel, “medium” for white spirit, “low” for kerosene, engine oil and brake fluid.

scholarly journals The Effect of Petroleum-Derived Substances and Their Bioremediation on Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Invertebrates

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Janina Gospodarek ◽  
Milena Rusin ◽  
Gabriela Barczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity

Petroleum-derived substances (PDSs) as main pollutants of the natural environment can negatively affect the microbiological, biochemical, and biological properties of agricultural soils and, consequently, plant production. The present study aimed to determine the after-effect of PDSs such as petrol, used engine oil, and diesel fuel on the activity of selected soil enzymes (phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and urease) and on the occurrence of soil invertebrates. Moreover, changes in the analyzed parameters in response to bioremediation of the polluted soil by using ZB-01 preparation were investigated. The field experiments were performed four- and five-years post contamination. The results showed that even after five years, PDSs significantly modified the activity of soil enzymes; however, this effect was often varied, depending on the pollutant, enzyme, and time after soil contamination. Dehydrogenase seems to be a good indicator of soil contamination with PDSs, particularly diesel fuel. Engine oil and diesel fuel limited still the occurrence of soil invertebrates, particularly Collembola from the families Hypogastruidae, Isotomidae, and Entomobryidae, even after four and five years of contamination. This finding suggests the usefulness of these organisms in assessing soil pollution and in monitoring the progress of bioremediation. The effect of ZB-01 biopreparation on the activity of selected enzymes was varied. Its effect on the occurrence of soil invertebrates was usually beneficial, which was evident in diesel fuel-contaminated soil.

scholarly journals N-ALKOXYMETHYL DERIVATIVES OF 2-AMINOTHIAZOLE AND THEIR PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435
Author(s):  
V.M. Farzaliyev ◽  
◽  
M.T. Abbasova ◽  
B.G. Babaeva ◽  
M.A. Mirzoeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Equimolar Amount ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Protection Effect ◽  
Bactericidal Properties ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Derivatives Of

Conditions for alkoxymethylation of 2-aminothiazole with semiformals obtained by the interaction of aliphatic alcohols with formaldehyde were worked out. Alkoxymethylation was performed by means of preliminary preparation of the semiformal of appropriate hydroxylcontaining compounds followed by interaction of semiformal with equimolar amount of 2- aminothiazole. The structure of the obtained compounds was acknowledged by means of IR and NMR 1 H spectroscopy. It was established that the reaction of the alkoxymethylation proceeds in the amino form of the starting 2-aminothiazole to form an appropriate monosubstituted Nalkoxymethyl derivative. As a result of microbiological tests, it was established that these compounds have high bactericidal properties against microorganisms which affect petroleum products and, at a concentration of 0.5%, completely protect both M-8 lubricating oil and diesel fuel from damage by bacteria even in terms of their forced infection. It found that at a concentration of 100 mg/l the obtained compounds protect the CT-3 steel from acid corrosion, moreover N-(isopropoxymethyl)thiazol-2-amine has the greatest protection effect.

Inhibited compound for internal preservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Renata S. Krymskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion Tests ◽  
New Type ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Derivatives Of

Corrosion of metal products during storage, transportation, or other inter-operational periods keeps researchers concerned, and as a result, encourages study of anti-corrosion protection agents in current unstable economic situation, for example, possibility of their recycling. It is not surprising that nowadays scientists are searching for anti-corrosion protection agents. Accordingly, important requirements for corrosion protection agents are affordability and adaptability. The term “adaptability” means that anti-corrosion protection agents can be used in hard-to-reach structures. Under such conditions, the best anti-corrosion protection agents are preservation compounds, as they are relatively inexpensive, often organic-based, with an effective corrosion inhibitor in. The author tested anti-corrosion effectiveness of FMT corrosion inhibitor solution in diesel fuel. FMT is a nitrogen-containing inhibitor consisting of tallow oil fatty acids and added copper derivatives of chlorophyll (where central magnesium atom of chlorophyll is replaced by copper). Copper derivatives of chlorophyll were obtained from kelp algae extract. We synthesized a new solution of FMT inhibitor in diesel fuel; this solution has a natural coniferous complex instead of copper derivatives of chlorophyll from algae. FMT efficiency was proved experimentally in accelerated corrosion tests. The paper explains necessity of synthesizing a new type of FMT inhibitor after experimental stability assessment of various solutions. The article also gives an example of how this compound can be used for storing petroleum products in the space between the first and second bottom of underground tanks (oil storage tanks with double walls and double bottom).

Derivatives of pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones as components of additives to increase the lubricating properties of motor fuels

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
N.I. Kobyzhcha ◽  
◽  
V.S. Pyliavskyi ◽  
V.V. Sukhoveev ◽  
V.I. Kashkovskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Critical Load ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Ring Closing Metathesis ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lubricating Properties

One of the important tasks of modern petrochemistry is the development of new additives that can improve the performance of motor fuels. With the expansion of the number of automotive and agricultural machinery and increasing its technical level, the demand for a wider range of petroleum products is increasing and, as well, the requirements for their quality are increasing. As the environmental and operational requirements for motor fuels are constantly increasing, it is necessary to find new, more efficient additives. The paper describes the synthesis of spirocyclic pyrimidine-2,4,6-trionеs by ring-closing metathesis reactions (RCM). This type of transformation is actively used in petrochemical and organic syntheses and allows to obtain compounds that are difficult to synthesize by conventional methods of organic chemistry. RCM conversion was performed using a Grubbs-Hoveyda catalyst in an amount of 5 mol. %. The compounds formed during the reaction were investigated as additives to motor fuels. Studies of the effect of synthesized spiropyrimidine-2,4,6-trione derivatives as additives on the tribological characteristics of ethanol and diesel fuel were evaluated on a four-ball tribometer in terms of critical load. At least three experiments were performed at each load. The error of the experiment was less than 5%. It was found that substances 2c and 2b increase the lubricating properties of ethanol - the critical load to the fuel burr when adding the synthesized compounds increased by 25%. Spiropyrimidine-2,4,6-trione 2b also had a positive effect on the lubricity of diesel fuel and had the effect of increasing the load to burr by 12% at a concentration of 0.032%. Thus, derivatives of spiropyrimidine-2,4,6-triones have proven to be promising compounds for the manufacture of motor fuels.

scholarly journals The Subsequent Effects of Soil Pollution by Petroleum Products and Its Bioremediation on the Antioxidant Response and Content of Elements in Vicia faba Plants

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7748
Author(s):  
Janina Gospodarek ◽  
Milena Rusin ◽  
Marta Kandziora-Ciupa ◽  
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Vicia Faba L

Petroleum-derived substances (PDSs), which are one of the most significant sources of energy, have become key factors that affect soils and, consequently, plants. The aim of this study was to determine the subsequent effects of soil contamination by PDSs such as petrol (P), diesel fuel (DF) and used engine oil (EO), in addition to its bioremediation using a ZB-01 biopreparation, on the activities of antioxidising enzymes as well as on the content of antioxidants in the leaves of Vicia faba L. The effects on the growth of the plants and their chemical composition were also determined. The results showed that as many as five years after contamination, engine oil and diesel fuel adversely affected the growth of plants. PDSs caused a significant increase in the activity of peroxidase and an increase in the content of proline. The contamination of the soil with oils (EO and DF) resulted in a decrease in the content of nutrients (Ca, Mg and P) in the plants. DF also decreased the content of K and N while EO decreased the content of Fe. PDSs also increased the content of lead and cadmium, and some resulted in a decrease in the content of zinc, manganese and copper. The ZB-01 biopreparation generally had a beneficial effect on the growth of plants, and contributed to a lowering of the activities of the analysed antioxidative enzymes as well as the content of antioxidants in plants in the soil that had been contaminated with diesel fuel. Furthermore, it most often caused an increase in the nutrient levels in the leaves of plants. The effect of the ZB-01 biopreparation on the content of heavy metals varied and was dependent on the specific contaminant and metal that were analysed.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Encapsulation of Novel Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in Biopolymer Matrices

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1847
Author(s):  
Kristina Vlahoviček-Kahlina ◽  
Slaven Jurić ◽  
Marijan Marijan ◽  
Botagoz Mutaliyeva ◽  
Svetlana V. Khalus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Plant Growth Regulation ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Growth Regulating Activity

Novel plant growth regulators (PGRs) based on the derivatives of dehydroamino acids 2,3-dehydroaspartic acid dimethyl ester (PGR1), Z-isomer of the potassium salt of 2-amino-3-methoxycarbonylacrylic acid (PGR2) and 1-methyl-3-methylamino-maleimide (PGR3) have been synthesized and their growth-regulating properties investigated. Laboratory testing revealed their plant growth-regulating activity. PGR1 showing the most stimulating activity on all laboratory tested cultures were used in field experiments. Results showed that PGR1 is a highly effective environmentally friendly plant growth regulator with effects on different crops. Biopolymeric microcapsule formulations (chitosan/alginate microcapsule loaded with PGR) suitable for application in agriculture were prepared and characterized. Physicochemical properties and release profiles of PGRs from microcapsule formulations depend on the molecular interactions between microcapsule constituents including mainly electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The differences in the microcapsule formulations structure did not affect the mechanism of PGRs release which was identified as diffusion through microcapsules. The obtained results opened a perspective for the future use of microcapsule formulations as new promising agroformulations with a sustained and target release for plant growth regulation.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Tyre Pyrolysis Oil (TPO) Blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
P M Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Alternate Fuels

Increasing industrialization and motorization led to a significant rise in demand of petroleum products. As these are the non-renewable resources, it will be troublesome to predict the availability of these resources in the future, resulting in uncertainty in its supply and price and is impacting growing economies like India importing 80% of the total demand of the petroleum products. Many attempts have been made by different researchers to find out alternate fuels for Internal Combustion engines. Many alternate fuels like Biodiesel, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and Alcohol are being used nowadays by different vehicles. In this context pyrolysis of scrap tyres can be used effectively to produce oil, thereby solving the problem of waste tyre disposal. In the present study, Experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled by TPO10, TPO15, and TPO20 at a crank angle 280 before TDC (Top Dead Centre) and injection pressure of 180 bar keeping the blend quality by controlling the density and viscosity of tyre pyrolysis oil within permissible limit of euro IV diesel requirement. The performance and emission results were analyzed and compared with that of diesel fuel operation. The results of investigations indicate that the brake thermal efficiency of the TPO - DF blend decreases by 4 to 8%. CO emissions are slightly higher but within permissible limit of euro IV emission standards. HC emissions are higher by about 40 to 60% at partial load whereas smoke opacity is lower by about 14% to 22% as compared to diesel fuel.

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