Productivity and Profitability of Kharif Rice Are Influenced by Crop Establishment Methods and Nitrogen Management in the Lateritic Belt of the Subtropical Region

Grassland ecosystems can be regarded as biochemical reactors in which large amounts of organic nitrogen (N) are converted into inorganic N, and vice versa. If managed in a sustainable manner, grasslands should operate in a quasi steady state, characterized by an almost perfect balance between total N input and output. As a consequence, the exchange of gaseous N species (NH3, NO, NO2, N2O, and N2) between grasslands and the atmosphere is very small compared to the total N turnover. In this study, the effects of two management options (mowing and fertilization) on production and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from a grass/clover crop were examined on the basis of observations and model results referring to an experiment carried out on the Swiss Plateau in late summer of 2000. It was found that production and emission of N2O induced by mowing were of the same order of magnitude as those brought about by fertilization, suggesting a possible transfer of N from clover to the soil after defoliation. Emissions were strongly modulated by precipitation on time scales ranging from 1 day to 1 week. This indicates that effective control of N2O emissions through management on a day-to-day basis requires reliable medium-range weather forecasts. Model calculations were not able to reproduce essential characteristics of the emissions. The model slightly overestimated the background emissions, but severely underestimated the emission peaks following fertilizer application, and largely failed to reproduce emission induced by mowing. Shortfalls in the model used for this study were found in relation to the description of soil-water fluxes, soil organic matter, and the physiology of clover.

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Nitrogen management in rice

ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice ◽

10.35709/ory.2019.56.s.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (Special Issue) ◽

pp. 125-135

Author(s):

D Panda ◽

AK Nayak ◽

S Mohanty

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Management Practices ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Management Options ◽

N Application ◽

Deep Placement ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Management ◽

N Use

Nitrogen is the one of most limiting nutrient for rice production, and in India rice cultivation alone accounts approximately 37% of the total fertilizer-N consumption in the year 1917-18. However, 60-70% of applied N is lost from the rice ecosystem system in the form of reactive N species such as ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) through various processes. Hence enhancing N use efficiency through improved N management is of greater importance for ensuring food security and environmental sustainability. The decisions on optimum level, time, form and method of N application are crucial to an efficient N management strategy. Earlier studies suggested blanket fertilizer recommendations for different rice ecosystems and soil test based fertilizer applications. Subsequently, innovative methods of N application including deep placement of urea super granule in reduced zone, subsurface incorporation of urea through farmer friendly methods were also recommended Recently several advancements have been made in N management practices for rice crop such as site specific N management, real time N management using leaf colour chart (LCC) and customised LCC, enhanced efficiency N fertilizers (EENF) using N transformation regulators and GIS and remote sensing (RS) - based N application technologies. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively discuss about the established and emerging N management options for improving yield, N use efficiency and environmental sustainability of rice.

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Nitrogen management in rice

ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice ◽

10.35709/ory.2019.56.spl.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (Special) ◽

pp. 125-135

Author(s):

D Panda ◽

AK Nayak ◽

S Mohanty

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Management Practices ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Management Options ◽

N Application ◽

Deep Placement ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Management ◽

N Use

Nitrogen is the one of most limiting nutrient for rice production, and in India rice cultivation alone accounts approximately 37% of the total fertilizer-N consumption in the year 1917-18. However, 60-70% of applied N is lost from the rice ecosystem system in the form of reactive N species such as ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) through various processes. Hence enhancing N use efficiency through improved N management is of greater importance for ensuring food security and environmental sustainability. The decisions on optimum level, time, form and method of N application are crucial to an efficient N management strategy. Earlier studies suggested blanket fertilizer recommendations for different rice ecosystems and soil test based fertilizer applications. Subsequently, innovative methods of N application including deep placement of urea super granule in reduced zone, subsurface incorporation of urea through farmer friendly methods were also recommended Recently several advancements have been made in N management practices for rice crop such as site specific N management, real time N management using leaf colour chart (LCC) and customised LCC, enhanced efficiency N fertilizers (EENF) using N transformation regulators and GIS and remote sensing (RS) - based N application technologies. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively discuss about the established and emerging N management options for improving yield, N use efficiency and environmental sustainability of rice.

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Concepts and Practices for Improving Nitrogen Management for Vegetables

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.2.1.121 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 121-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

George J. Hochmuth

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Land Grant ◽

Land Grant Universities ◽

Production Practices ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

N Management

Efficient N management practices usually involve many potential strategies, but always involve choosing the correct amount of N and the coupling of N management to efficient water management. Nitrogen management strategies are integral parts of improved production practices recommended by land-grant universities such as the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Florida. This paper, which draws heavily on research and experience in Florida, outlines the concepts and technologies for managing vegetable N fertilization to minimize negative impacts on the environment.

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Development of Three Row Self-Propelled Zero till Direct Seeded Rice Planter Cum Fertilizer Applicator

Journal of Ravishankar University (Part-B) ◽

10.52228/jrub.2019-32-1-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

Rashmi Anil Bangale

Keyword(s):

Power Transmission ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Rice Seedling ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Prime Mover ◽

Inclined Plate ◽

Depth Control ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Field Efficiency

The agricultural operational holding in India is about 1.15 ha and 85.01 per cent belongs to marginal holdings (below 2 ha). This data shows an economic condition of the Indian farmer, which doesn’t allow him to adopt advanced agricultural machineries. Considering the situation of Indian farmer, we developed a prototype of three row self-propelled zero till direct seeded rice planter cum fertilizer applicator. This machine helps to plant a dry rice seed along with the fertilizer application with zero tillage condition. The machine includes inclined plate metering mechanism for seed; cup feed metering mechanism for fertilizer, seed cum fertilizer hopper, ground wheel, depth control wheels, inverted T furrow openers, 5 hp engine as a prime mover, power transmission system, adjustable handle, lever and rigid main frame to support all the parts and drive wheels. Machine is divided into two parts viz., prime mover part and planter cum fertilizer applicator part. Both parts can be separated from each other. The machine places the rice seed up to average depth of 25-40 mm and spacing between hills is observed to be 130-160 mm along with an average 20 cm of row spacing. The average field capacity at an average speed of 2.3 km.h-1 is observed to be 0.115 ha.h-1 for operating rice seeds. The field efficiency is observed to be 86.9 per cent. The operational cost is observed to be around 69.28 per cent less than the manual planting of rice seedling and also the man hour’s requirement is very less than the manual planting.

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Limitations of Improved Nitrogen Management to Reduce Nitrate Leaching and Increase Use Efficiency

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2001.457 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 10-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

James L. Baker

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Management Practices ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

N Leaching ◽

N Loss ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Rate Method ◽

N Management

The primary mode of nitrogen (N) loss from tile-drained row-cropped land is generally nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching. Although cropping, tillage, and N management practices can be altered to reduce the amount of leaching, there are limits as to how much can be done. Data are given to illustrate the potential reductions for individual practices such as rate, method, and timing of N applications. However, most effects are multiplicative and not additive; thus it is probably not realistic to hope to get overall reductions greater than 25 to 30% with in-field practices alone. If this level of reduction is insufficient to meet water quality goals, additional off-site landscape modifications may be necessary.

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Effect of different nitrogen management options on nutrient uptake, biomass carbon sequestration and grain yield of maize-wheat system in reclaimed sodic soil

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904167.2021.1998522 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Parveen Kumar ◽

Ram Kishor Fagodiya ◽

Suresh Kumar Chaudhari ◽

Rakesh Singh ◽

Ajay Kumar Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Biomass Carbon ◽

Management Options ◽

Sodic Soil

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Crop Productivity and Nitrogen Balance as Influenced by Nitrogen Deposition and Fertilizer Application in North China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11051347 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1347 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jie Liu ◽

Jumei Li ◽

Yibing Ma ◽

Enli Wang ◽

Qiong Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Balance ◽

North China ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Deposition ◽

N Leaching ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Nh3 Volatilization ◽

Total N ◽

N Management

In spite of the importance of N management in agricultural production, closing the full nitrogen balance remains a challenge, mainly due to the uncertainties in both fluxes of nitrogen input and output. We analyzed N deposition and its influence on crop productivity and field nitrogen balance based on data from three of 15 years (1990–2005) of experiments in North China. The results showed that the average annual nitrogen deposition was 76, 80, and 94 kg N/ha at Changping, Zhengzhou, and Yangling in a wheat-maize rotation system, respectively. The deposited N could support a corresponding total biomass production (wheat plus maize) of 9.6, 10.6, and 8.8 Mg/ha with a total grain yield of 3.8, 4.8, and 3.7 Mg/ha, however, that did not cause a further decline in soil organic matter. N fertilizer application could increase total biomass (grain) by 244% (259%) and 74% (119%) for wheat and maize, respectively. Under optimal N management, N deposition accounted for 17–21% of the total N inputs, which affected significantly the recovery efficiency of applied N. N deposition showed a significant spatial variation in terms of the fraction of dry and wet depositions. On an annual average, N deposition roughly balanced out N losses due to NH3 volatilization and N2O loss from nitrification and denitrification. NH3 volatilization and NO3−-N leaching each accounted for 16–20% of the total N outputs. A system modeling approach is recommended to investigate the spatial variation of N leaching as affected by climatic conditions, and to fully account for the nitrogen fluxes. The N deposition derived from this study can be used as the background N input into the wheat-maize double cropping system for N balance.

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