scholarly journals Effects of Nitrification Inhibitors on Soil Nitrification and Ammonia Volatilization in Three Soils with Different pH

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Lei Cui ◽  
Dongpo Li ◽  
Zhijie Wu ◽  
Yan Xue ◽  
Furong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Potential Nitrification Rate ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Potential Nitrification

The application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) is considered to be an efficient way to delay nitrification, but the effect of NIs combinations on soil nitrification and ammonia (NH3) volatilization are not clear in soils with different pH values. In this study, we explored the effect of nitrapyrin (CP) and its combinations with 3, 4-dimethylepyrazole phosphate (DMPP), dicyandiamide (DCD) on the transformation of nitrogen, potential nitrification rate (PNR), and ammonia (NH3) volatilization in a 120-day incubation experiment with three different pH values of black soil. Treatments included no fertilizer (Control), ammonium sulfate (AS), AS+CP (CP), AS+CP+DMPP (CP+DMPP), and AS+CP+DCD (CP+DCD). The application of NIs significantly decreased NO3−-N contents and potential nitrification rate (p < 0.05), while significantly increased NH4+-N contents (p < 0.05), especially CP+DCD and CP+DMPP were the most effective in the neutral and alkaline soils, respectively. In the acid soil, CP significantly increased total NH3 volatilization by 31%, while CP+DCD significantly reduced by 28% compared with AS. However, no significant difference was found in NH3 volatilization with and without NIs treatments (p > 0.05) in the neutral and alkaline soils. In conclusion, the combined nitrification inhibitors had the better efficiency in all three tested soils. CP+DCD and CP+DMPP are the most effective in inhibiting soil nitrification in the clay soils with higher pH value and lower organic matter, while CP+DCD had the potential in mitigating environment pollution by reducing N loss of NH3 volatilization in the loam soil with lower pH value and higher organic matter. It provided a theoretical basis for the application of high efficiency fertilizer in different soils. Further studies under field conditions are required to assess the effects of these nitrification inhibitors.

scholarly journals An RNA-based quantitative and compositional study of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in Lake Taihu, a eutrophic freshwater lake

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong-tong Liu ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Amoa Gene ◽  
Freshwater Lake ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Potential Nitrification Rate ◽  
Potential Nitrification ◽  
Active Transcription ◽  
Compositional Study

ABSTRACT Ammonium-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) play crucial roles in ammonium oxidation in freshwater lake sediment. However, previous reports on the predominance of AOA and AOB in the surface sediment of Lake Taihu have been based on DNA levels, detecting the total abundance of microbiota (including inactive cells), and have resulted in numerous contradictory conclusions. Existing RNA-level studies detecting active transcription are very limited. The current study, using RNA-based real-time quantification and clone library analysis, demonstrated that the amoA gene abundance of active AOB was higher than that of active AOA, despite conflicting results at the DNA level. Further exploration revealed a significant positive correlation between the potential nitrification rate (PNR) and the abundance of AOA and AOB at the RNA level, with irregular or contradictory correlation found at the DNA level. Ultimately, using quantitative analysis of RNA levels, we show AOB to be the active dominant contributor to ammonium oxidation. Our investigations also indicated that AOB were more diverse in high-ammonium lake regions, with Nitrosomonas being the active and dominating cluster, but that AOA had an advantage in the low-ammonium lake regions.

Nitrogen studies on black soils form the Darling Downs, Queensland. II. The nitrifying activity of subsurface horizons

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Martin ◽  
JE Cox
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Black Clay ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Rates of nitrification of a black clay soil were studied with the percolation technique, using samples from various depths down to 3 ft. There was a marked decrease in nitrification rate with increasing depth, the successive curves showing longer lag periods. Deep samples, which contain more chloride and have a higher pH value than those from the surface, accumulated large quantities of nitrite. Chloride, added to the percolators in concentrations equal to those found in the profile, had no marked effect on nitrite accumulation but slightly reduced the rate of nitrate production. The percolation of surface samples with ammonium sulphate solutions with the pH increased by alkali additions resulted in marked nitrite accumulation comparable with that found in deeper layers in presence of ammonium sulphate only. Continued repercolation at high pH values gave evidence of adaptation of the soil organisms to alkaline conditions; the percolate pH at which maximal nitrite accumulation was recorded rose with successive treatments. It was concluded that the decrease in nitrifying capacity with depth is related to reduction in numbers of active organisms and to the partially selective effect of high pH on the oxidation of nitrite.

Nitrification inhibition by urine from cattle consuming Plantago lanceolata

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
H. Glenn Judson ◽  
Patricia M. Fraser ◽  
Michelle E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Sheep Urine

Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) has the potential to indirectly reduce nitrate leaching from urine patches via compounds excreted in the urine of animals grazing the forb acting as biological nitrification inhibitors. Proof-of-concept research was previously undertaken using sheep urine, but it is important to examine whether this effect also occurs with cattle urine since cattle pose a greater N-leaching risk due to their higher urinary-N load. Housed dairy heifers (n=4) were assigned ad libitum dietary treatments of perennial ryegrass/ white clover or plantain for 14 days. On day 14, urine was collected through a sterile Foley catheter into a sealed container. Cattle then switched dietary treatment and urine was collected after a further 14 days. Urine samples were applied to soil microcosms and the net nitrification rate during a 35-day incubation determined. Similar urine-N concentrations were applied initially but a slower rate of soil nitrification was observed in the microcosms treated with urine from plantain-fed cows compared with those treated with urine from ryegrass/white clover-fed cows. The urine samples collected after the crossover showed a wider treatment difference in total N concentration, but also demonstrated a reduction in soil nitrification rate under the plantain urine. These results show similar trends to those previously reported for sheep urine.

scholarly journals Describing Phosphorus Sorption Processes on Volcanic Soil in the Presence of Copper or Silver Engineered Nanoparticles

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Jonathan Suazo-Hernández ◽  
Erwin Klumpp ◽  
Nicolás Arancibia-Miranda ◽  
Patricia Poblete-Grant ◽  
Alejandra Jara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) present in consumer products are being released into the agricultural systems. There is little information about the direct effect of ENPs on phosphorus (P) availability, which is an essential nutrient for crop growthnaturally occurring in agricultural soils. The present study examined the effect of 1, 3, and 5% doses of Cu0 or Ag0 ENPs stabilized with L-ascorbic acid (suspension pH 2–3) on P ad- and desorption in an agricultural Andisol with total organic matter (T-OM) and with partial removal of organic matter (R-OM) by performing batch experiments. Our results showed that the adsorption kinetics data of H2PO4− on T-OM and R-OM soil samples with and without ENPs were adequately described by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Elovich models. The adsorption isotherm data of H2PO4− from T-OM and R-OM soil samples following ENPs addition were better fitted by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. When the Cu0 or Ag0 ENPs doses were increased, the pH value decreased and H2PO4− adsorption increased on T-OM and R-OM. The H2PO4− desorption (%) was lower with Cu0 ENPs than Ag0 ENPs. Overall, the incorporation of ENPs into Andisols generated an increase in P retention, which may affect agricultural crop production.

scholarly journals Bonding of Selected Hardwoods with PVAc Adhesive

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ján Iždinský ◽  
Ladislav Reinprecht ◽  
Ján Sedliačik ◽  
Jozef Kúdela ◽  
Viera Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
The Impact

The bonding of wood with assembly adhesives is crucial for manufacturing wood composites, such as solid wood panels, glulam, furniture parts, and sport and musical instruments. This work investigates 13 hardwoods—bangkirai, beech, black locust, bubinga, ipé, iroko, maçaranduba, meranti, oak, palisander, sapelli, wengé and zebrano—and analyzes the impact of their selected structural and physical characteristics (e.g., the density, cold water extract, pH value, roughness, and wettability) on the adhesion strength with the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive Multibond SK8. The adhesion strength of the bonded hardwoods, determined by the standard EN 205, ranged in the dry state from 9.5 MPa to 17.2 MPa, from 0.6 MPa to 2.6 MPa in the wet state, and from 8.5 MPa to 19.2 MPa in the reconditioned state. The adhesion strength in the dry state of the bonded hardwoods was not influenced by their cold water extracts, pH values, or roughness parallel with the grain. On the contrary, the adhesion strength was significantly with positive tendency influenced by their higher densities, lower roughness parameters perpendicular to the grain, and lower water contact angles.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Properties of Self-Assembly Graphene Microcapsules: Effect of the pH Value

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Dong Guo ◽  
Jun-Feng Su ◽  
Ru Mu ◽  
Xin-Yu Wang ◽  
Xiao-Long Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Ph Values

Graphene has attracted attention in the material field of functional microcapsules because of its excellent characteristics. The content and state of graphene in shells are critical for the properties of microcapsules, which are greatly affected by the charge adsorption equilibrium. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of pH value on the microstructure and properties of self-assembly graphene microcapsules in regard to chemical engineering. Microcapsule samples were prepared containing liquid paraffin by a self-assembly polymerization method with graphene/organic hybrid shells. The morphology, average size and shell thickness parameters were investigated for five microcapsule samples fabricated under pH values of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The existence and state of graphene in dry microcapsule samples were analyzed by using methods of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectoscopy (FT-IR) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) were applied to analyze the graphene content in shells. These results proved that graphene had existed in shells and the pH values greatly influenced the graphene deposition on shells. It was found that the microcapsule sample fabricated under pH = 5 experienced the largest graphene deposited on shells with the help of macromolecules entanglement and electrostatic adherence. This microcapsules sample had enhanced thermal stability and larger thermal conductivity because of additional graphene in shells. Nanoindentation tests showed this sample had the capability of deforming resistance under pressure coming from the composite structure of graphene/polymer structure. Moreover, more graphene decreased the penetrability of core material out of microcapsule shells.

Study on Influence of Silicate Morphology Based on pH Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Ya Jing Liu ◽  
Yong Lin Cao ◽  
Li Xia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Stability

Infra-red absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction observations and characterization tests based on silicon molybdenum colorimetric method were used to investigate the optimal pH value controlling the stability of the silicic acid form. The experiment process was done by using sodium silicate as raw material. The results showed that the solution of silicate influenced the polymerization. The active silicic acid solution with a certain degree of polymerization was obtained by controlling the pH values.

scholarly journals Oral pH value predicts the incidence of radiotherapy related caries in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Qiuji Wu ◽  
Xiangyu Meng ◽  
Haijun Yu ◽  
Dazhen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Kaplan Meier

AbstractRadiotherapy-related caries is a complication of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma; however, factors influencing the occurrence, accurate prediction of onset, and protective factors of radiotherapy-related caries remain unclear. This study analyzed risk factors, disease predictors, and protective factors for radiotherapy-related caries in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This prospective study included 138 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving radical radiotherapy at our hospital during June 2012–December 2016 and were followed up for dental caries. Patients’ clinical data on radiotherapy were collected, dynamic monitoring was performed to assess changes in oral pH values, and a questionnaire survey was administered to collect patients’ lifestyle habits. Time-dependent cox regression trees, event-free Kaplan–Meier curve, Mann–Whitely U test were used to analysis the results. The median follow-up time was 30 (12–60) months. Radiotherapy-related caries occurred in 28 cases (20.3%). Univariate analyses showed that radiotherapy-related caries was associated with patient’s age, oral saliva pH value, green tea consumption, and radiation dose to sublingual glands, but not with the radiation dose to the parotid and submandibular glands. Multivariate analysis showed that oral saliva pH value [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.390, 95% confidence interval = 0.204–0.746] was an independent prognostic factor for radiotherapy-related caries. Patients with oral saliva pH values ≤ 5.3 in the 9th month after radiotherapy represented a significantly higher risks for radiotherapy-related caries (p < 0.001). Green tea consumption was associated with the occurrence of radiotherapy-related caries, and oral saliva pH values could predict the occurrence of radiotherapy-related caries. Limiting radiation doses to sublingual glands can reduce the occurrence of radiotherapy-related caries.

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