scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Standard Center Pivot and Growers-Based Modified Center Pivot for Evaluating Uniformity Coefficient and Water Distribution

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1675
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Ghobari ◽  
Ahmed Z. Dewidar
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Center Pivot

The center pivot irrigation system is a type of irrigation technology used to apply water effectively and uniformly over a wide variety of areas and topographies. These irrigation systems’ uniformity of water application greatly affects water use, energy consumption, and crop production. Performance tests of the standard lateral galvanized and modified polyethylene plastic pipes in the center pivot irrigation systems were conducted in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Water distribution depths along the laterals, coefficient of uniformity (CU), and distribution uniformity of the low quarter (DU) were determined. The results revealed that profiles of water distribution ranged from 4 to 14 mm for the standard-center pivot irrigation systems, while those for the modified-center pivot irrigation systems ranged from 6.5 to 50 mm. Standard-center pivot irrigation systems’ CU values ranged from 74 to 90%, with an average of 86%. In comparison, the modified-center pivot irrigation systems’ CU values ranged from 62 to 83%, with an average of 78%. The DU values ranged from 60 to 82% for the standard-center pivot irrigation systems, with an overall average of 77%. For the modified-center pivot irrigation systems, the DU values, in contrast, ranged from 31 to 75%, with an average of 65%. Thus, the accuracy and uniformity of the standard-center pivot irrigation systems are superior to those that have been modified. Additionally, a statistical model was developed to investigate the relationship between the water losses and the main climatic factors under field operating conditions. Therefore, the study results are expected to draw attention to standard lateral pipes’ value on the one hand and demonstrate the detrimental consequences of growers’ incorrect practices in pivot irrigation systems, motivating them to take strong action against these activities, on the other hand.

Pressure-discharge and Hydraulic Gradient along the Lateral of the Drip Irrigation System for Okra

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Vanitha ◽  
S. Senthilvel
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Gradient Compensation

Micro irrigation system should ensure relatively same amount of water to each plant along the total length of lateral line. In general, the drip irrigation systems are low to medium operating pressure head systems with a pressure requirement in range of 0.5 kg/cm2 to 2.5 kg/cm2 depending on the area irrigated and field layout geometry. However, since these systems are pressure irrigation systems which require appropriate operating pressure heads to deliver the required rates of flow, the inevitable frictional head losses are to be compensated for maintaining uniformity in water application. Hence, the hydraulic gradient compensation needs to be achieved by some viable mechanism so that the inequality in pressure heads and discharges can be eliminated or minimized. The crop production will have its maximum yield and water use efficiency only one the water distribution uniformities at its the highest. Hydraulic gradient compensation assumes a vital role in compensating the operating pressure heads as well as the emitter discharges. The hydraulic gradient compensated drip lateral layout registered high order of water distribution uniformity in the range of 97.8% and irrigation usage efficiency in the range of 17.98 kg/ha/mm to 20.69 kg/ha/mm for 2 lph emitter arrangements.

scholarly journals A Numerical Investigation into the PAT Hydrodynamic Response to Impeller Rotational Speed Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7998
Author(s):  
Maxime Binama ◽  
Kan Kan ◽  
Hui-Xiang Chen ◽  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
Daqing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Study Results

The utilization of pump as turbines (PATs) within water distribution systems for energy regulation and hydroelectricity generation purposes has increasingly attracted the energy field players’ attention. However, its power production efficiency still faces difficulties due to PAT’s lack of flow control ability in such dynamic systems. This has eventually led to the introduction of the so-called “variable operating strategy” or VOS, where the impeller rotational speed may be controlled to satisfy the system-required flow conditions. Taking from these grounds, this study numerically investigates PAT eventual flow structures formation mechanism, especially when subjected to varying impeller rotational speed. CFD-backed numerical simulations were conducted on PAT flow under four operating conditions (1.00 QBEP, 0.82 QBEP, 0.74 QBEP, and 0.55 QBEP), considering five impeller rotational speeds (110 rpm, 130 rpm, 150 rpm, 170 rpm, and 190 rpm). Study results have shown that both PAT’s flow and pressure fields deteriorate with the machine influx decrease, where the impeller rotational speed increase is found to alleviate PAT pressure pulsation levels under high-flow operating conditions, while it worsens them under part-load conditions. This study’s results add value to a thorough understanding of PAT flow dynamics, which, in a long run, contributes to the solution of the so-far existent technical issues.

scholarly journals Study on the irrigation water distribution system developed by Barind Multipurpose Development Authority

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mosiur Rahman ◽  
A.H.M. Kamal ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Shafi Uddin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Buried Pipe

Irrigated agriculture has been playing a vital role for the growth in crop production in Bangladesh. Minor irrigation comprising of shallow tubewells (STWs), deep tubewells (DTWs), hand tubewells (HTWs) and low-lift pumps (LLPs) is a major irrigation system in the country. Poor performance of irrigation is an issue for the expansion of irrigated area. The present study was carried out to examine the conveyance efficiency and rate of irrigation water loss in DTW schemes in Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones of Barind Management Development Authority. There were various types of water distribution identified in these schemes with including Poly Venyl Chloride (PVC) buried pipe, cement concrete (CC) rectangular, Ferro trapezoidal, Ferro semicircular and rectangular earth drain. The average conveyance efficiency of PVC buried pipe for Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones ranged from 94.46% to 95.37% and rate of water loss ranged from 5.45% to 9.55% in three study zones. Average conveyance efficiency of CC rectangular for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 91.20% and rate of water loss from 6.58% to 9.93%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro trapezoid for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 87.80% to 90.06% and rate of water loss ranged from 9.94% to 12.21%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro semicircle for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged between 88.13% and 86.82% and rate of water loss between 11.59% and 11.68%. Average conveyance efficiency and rate of water loss of rectangular earth drain Godagari zone was 58.66% and 42.29% respectively. About 80% farmers recommended buried pipe irrigation system and about 20% semi-circular channel. The study suggests that the improved water distribution system as developed by BMDA is sustainable to increase productivity of irrigation systems in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbayr.v1i2.10032

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSÃO CONVENCIONAL FIXO E GOTEJAMENTO EM VILA RURAL

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eguimar Amorim Maciel de Souza ◽  
Paula Cristina de Souza ◽  
Márcio Antônio Vilas Boas
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
System A ◽  
De Se ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
And Storage

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSÃO CONVENCIONAL FIXO E GOTEJAMENTO EM VILA RURAL  Eguimar Amorim Maciel de Souza; Paula Cristina de Souza; Márcio Antônio Vilas BoasCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade do Oeste do Paraná,  Cascavel , Pr, [email protected]  1 RESUMO           O manejo racional da irrigação consiste na aplicação da quantidade necessária de água às plantas no momento correto. É recomendável após a instalação de um sistema de irrigação, proceder-se a testes de campo, com o objetivo de se verificar a adequação da irrigação recomendando, quando necessário, ajustes na operação e, principalmente, no manejo. O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar dois sistemas de irrigação, sendo um por aspersão convencional fixo e outro por gotejamento,  implantados na Vila Rural Flor do Campo, localizada na região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, através da determinação dos parâmetros de uniformidade e eficiência de distribuição de água.  Foram utilizadas as metodologias propostas na norma ABNT NBR ISO 7749-2, Asae (1995) e por Keller & Karmeli (1975).   Foram realizados trinta ensaios em cada sistema de irrigação. Para o sistema de irrigação por aspersão foi obtido  CUC  de 77,9%, considerado abaixo do valor mínimo aceitável de 80%, sendo que  a velocidade do vento variou de 0 a 2,4 m s-1. As eficiências de aplicação (Ea) e armazenagem (Es) obtidas neste sistema foram, respectivamente, de 77,0% e 48,8%. No sistema de irrigação por gotejamento foi obtido CUC de 93,7% considerado valor excelente. A Uniformidade de Emissão (UE) encontrada foi de 89,3% sendo considerada boa. As eficiências de aplicação (Ea) e armazenagem (Es) obtidas neste sistema foram, respectivamente, de 100% e 65,0 %. UNITERMOS: Irrigação, aspersão convencional, gotejamento,       uniformidade, eficiência,  avaliação.  SOUZA, E. A. M.; SOUZA, P.C.; VILAS BOAS, M. A. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIXED CONVENTIONAL ASPERSION AND DRIPPING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN  A RURAL VILLAGE  2 ABSTRACT The rational handling of the irrigation consists of the application of the necessary amount of water to the plants at the correct moment. After the installation of an irrigation system, it is recommended the field tests be carried out in order to  verify the adequacy of the recommended irrigation and , when necessary, to adjust the operation and, mainly, the handling. The aim of this work was to evaluate two irrigation  systems,  a fixed conventional aspersion system and a dripping one, installed in the l Flor do Campo, a rural village located in the Northwest of Paraná state, through the determination of the parameters of water distribution uniformity and efficiency. The methodologies used were according to the  ABNT NBR ISO 7749-2 norm, Asae (1995) and for Keller & Karmeli (1975). Thirty assays in each irrigation system were tested. In the irrigation system with  aspersion CUC of 77.9%, which is considered below the minimum acceptable value of 80%, was found  considering that the wind speed varied from   0 to  2.4 ms-1. The efficiencies of application (Ea) and storage (Es) obtained in this system were 77.0% and 48.8 %, respectively. In the dripping  irrigation system, a CUC of 93.7%, considered an excellent value,  was found. The EU was 89.3% and considered good. The efficiencies of application (Ea) and storage (Es) gotten in this system were  100% and 65. 0 %, respectively. KEY WORDS: Irrigation, conventional aspersion, dripping, uniformity, efficiency, evaluation.

scholarly journals Decomposition of Technological Processes for Evaluating the Performance of Production Line for Pre Sowing Treatment of Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Kubeyev ◽  
B. S. Antropov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Study Results

An important step in improving the efficiency of crop production is the development of scientifically valid technologies and technical means of pre­sowing preparation and treatment of seeds. Among the various methods that have a positive impact on crop growth, early maturity and resistance to adverse conditions, one of the most promising is seed pelleting. (Research purpose) The reasonability of the use of pelleted seeds (dragees) was shown the shell composition of which includes the substances necessary for active growth and increase resistance to adverse effects, and, in addition, it provides a more accurate seeding. We substantiate the need for improvements to existing technologies and agricultural equipment (for example, seed pelleting machine). due to the significant lack of high­tech means of mechanization of seed pre­sowing preparation at domestic agricultural enterprises. (Materials and methods) Experimental studies have been carried out with the use of computer mathematical modeling. Results of experiments were processed by methods of mathematical statistics, statistical analysis and data processing package, research application package, filtering, analysis and modeling of technological processes. Physical and mechanical properties and quality indicators of seeds and fillers have been determined in accordance with the applicable state standards. (Results and discussion) Use has been made of a program that includes obtaining information about the processes to solve the problems of experimental studies carried out by machines for pre­-sowing treatment of seeds in accordance with the developed models of their functioning; the choice of the most effective means of measuring, recording and processing information about the operation of machines and equipment in normal operating conditions; as well as checking the effectiveness of the developed methods and tools to ensure the quality of the process in case of accidental disturbances. (Conclusions) The authors have studied main parameters and operating modes of a seed pelleting installation. An average values of the process parameters of the pre­sowing treatment of seeds have been calculated under the conditions of normal functioning of machinery and equipment taking into account the validity and reliability of the obtained characteristics. The authors have developed the technological fundamentals of the artificial coating of seed surface. The study results can be used as practical recommendations for the organization of pre­sowing treatment of seeds in order to increase seed germination and crop yields.

An Experimental Center-Pivot Irrigation System for Reduced Energy Crop Production Studies

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1375-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Gilley ◽  
Lloyd N. Mielke ◽  
Wallace W. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Center Pivot

scholarly journals Increasing Shape Bias to Improve the Precision of Center Pivot Irrigation System Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Jiwen Tang ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Lijun Zhao ◽  
Ping Tang
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Training Scheme ◽  
Shape Bias ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Improved Performance

Irrigation is indispensable in agriculture. Center pivot irrigation systems are popular means of irrigation since they are water-efficient and labor-saving. Monitoring center pivot irrigation systems provides important information for the understanding of agricultural production, water resources consumption and environmental change. Deep learning has become an effective approach for object detection and semantic segmentation. Recent studies have shown that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are prone to be texture-biased rather than shape-biased, and increasing shape bias can improve the robustness and performance of CNNs. In this study, a simple yet effective method was proposed to increase shape bias in object detection networks to improve the precision of center pivot irrigation system detection. We extracted edge images of training samples and integrated them into the training data to increase shape bias in the networks. With the proposed shape increasing training scheme, we evaluated and compared PVANET and YOLOv4. Experiments with the images in Mato Grosso have shown that both PVANET and YOLOv4 achieved improved performance, which demonstrated the validity of the proposed method.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA OCORRÊNCIA DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL EM REGIÕES AGRÍCOLAS NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351
Author(s):  
Edgar Nogueira Demarqui ◽  
Lígia Manccini Barros Demarqui
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Agricultural Regions

A utilização de técnicas de irrigação visando a produção agrícola tem apresentado crescimento nos últimos anos, sendo que o sistema de irrigação por pivô central (PC) também avançou no quantitativo de unidades implantadas e no total de área abrangida. Isto se deve às características desse tipo de sistema, as quais mostram-se vantajosas para o produtor rural, tais como economia de mão-de-obra e facilidade de operação, entre outras. O formato circular deste tipo de sistema facilita sua identificação através de técnicas de Geoprocessamento aplicadas nas análises de imagens orbitais ou aéreas, permitindo análises quantitativas e de espacialização. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo mapear, por meio de imagens orbitais, as áreas irrigadas por PC no período de 11 anos (2004 a 2015) referente à três regiões que possuem destaque na produção agrícola no Estado de Mato Grosso: Médio Norte, Parecis e Sudeste. A região Médio Norte apresentou taxa média de crescimento anual de 10,96% na sua área irrigada, a região Sudeste 6,75% e a região dos Parecis 4,28%. A evolução média no número de pivôs nestas áreas foi da ordem de 8,07% ao ano, passando de 259 unidades em 2004, para 586 no ano de 2015, totalizando um crescimento de 226,25% no período.Palavras-chave: áreas irrigadas; produção agrícola; geoprocessamento; sensoriamento remoto. SPACE-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF CENTRAL PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURAL REGIONS IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO ABSTRACT:The use of irrigation techniques in agricultural production has increased in the last years, and the center-pivot irrigation system has advanced in number of implanted units. This system, due to its characteristics such as labor savings and ease of operation, has proved to be advantageous for the rural producer. The circular shape of this system allows it to be identified by Geoprocessing techniques applied to the quantitative and spatial analysis of orbital or aerial images. In this context, the present work aimed to map, through orbital images, the center-pivot irrigated areas, for a period of 11 years (2004 to 2015) referring to three regions of Mato Grosso State, witch that stand out in agricultural production: Middle North, Parecis and Southeast. The Middle North region presented an average annual growth rate of 10.96% in its irrigated area, the Southeast region 6.75% and the Parecis region 4.28%. The average evolution in the number of pivots in these areas was of the order of 8.07% per year, going from 259 units in 2004, to 586 in 2015, totaling a growth of 226.25% in the period.Keywords: irrigated areas; agricultural production; geoprocessing; remote sensing.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Methodology Based on Smart Management Energy Consumption in Irrigation Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2864
Author(s):  
Florina Scarlatache ◽  
Gheorghe Grigoras ◽  
Vlad-Andrei Scarlatache ◽  
Bogdan-Constantin Neagu ◽  
Ovidiu Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Current Frequency

Innovative practices in irrigation systems can bring improvements in terms of economic efficiency and, at the same time, can reduce environmental impacts. Investment in high-tech technologies frequently involves additional costs, but an efficient water management system can increase the lifetime of the equipment. The most utilized electronic device for a smart management, used to pump units from irrigation systems, is the frequency converter. This device can regulate the speed of the motors that control the pumps according to the consumption of water, ensuring that it does not pump more water than is needed. This paper develops a new operating algorithm that ensures the operation of the pumping group at safe operating intervals and identifies the equivalent pump operating points for the entire flow range and pumping height of the pumping group in order to bring smart management to irrigation systems. The parameters monitored and collected for each vertical pump refers to the voltage, current, frequency (speeds) and flow of each hydraulic operating mode. The methodology used is based on the principle of creating an expert system to optimize energy consumption in the pumping groups. The proposed methodology was tested on an irrigation system that includes a pumping group with five pumps, showing its effectiveness in obtaining the optimal solution with a relatively low computational burden and without the violation of any system constraints under any operating conditions.

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