scholarly journals Glucose Induces Thylakoid Formation and Upregulates Green Pigment Contents in Complete Dark Culture of the Angiosperm Pachiramacrocarpa

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1746
Author(s):  
Tzan-Chain Lee ◽  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Meng-Yuan Huang ◽  
Chi-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dark Condition ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dark Culture ◽  
Green Pigments ◽  
Shade Plants

In addition to angiosperms, most plants are able to synthesize chlorophyll (Chl)-generating green tissues in total darkness. In this study, 140 plants of the angiosperm Pachira macrocarpa were divided into five groups. Among them, one group was grown for 2 weeks under natural light conditions, whereas the others were grown in complete darkness (0 μmol m−2 s−1). Dark-grown plants were then treated with 0~6% glucose for another 8 weeks. The budding and greening ratios, ultrastructure of chloroplasts (ChlPs) of newly developed leaves, and green pigment contents of pre-illuminated mature and young leaves, and totally dark-grown newly developed leaves were measured. Results showed that glucose inhibited the budding and promoted the greening of newly developed leaves. Pre-illuminated mature and young leaves were able to synthesize green pigments during the 2 weeks of dark adaption. Dark-grown newly developed leaves contained high levels of green pigments at 2 and 3 weeks after budding. Green pigments of glucose-fed newly developed leaves had increased, whereas they had decreased in control leaves. In addition, ChlPs of dark-grown glucose-fed newly developed leaves contained both giant grana and prolamellar bodies (PLBs), usually found in shade plants and etiolated seedlings, respectively. The higher the glucose concentration was, the greater the numbers of grana, thylakoids, and PLBs. Glucose increased the green pigment contents and grana formation in newly developed leaves in a dark condition, and the mechanisms are discussed.

Factors affecting germination of horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Nandula ◽  
Thomas W. Eubank ◽  
Daniel H. Poston ◽  
Clifford H. Koger ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Ph Range

The influence of environmental factors on germination and emergence of horseweed was examined in growth chamber experiments. Germination was highest (61%) under 24/20 C day/night temperature under light. Horseweed seed germination was observed under both light (13 h photoperiod) and complete darkness (24 h), but germination under continuous darkness was only 0 to 15% compared with 0 to 61% under light. All other experiments were conducted under 24/20 C and 13-h light conditions. Germination was 19 to 36% over a pH range from 4 to 10, with a trend toward higher germination under neutral-to-alkaline conditions. Horseweed germination was > 20% at < 40 mM NaCl concentration and lowest (4%) at 160 mM NaCl. These data suggest that even at high soil salinity conditions, horseweed can germinate. Germination of horseweed decreased from 25% to 2% as osmotic potential increased from 0 (distilled water) to −0.8 MPa, indicating that germination can still occur under moderate water stress conditions. Horseweed seedling emergence was at its maximum on the soil surface, and no seedlings emerged from seeds placed at a depth of 0.5 cm or higher.

Performance of Light Green Pigment for Near-Infrared Reflection

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
Thadsanee Thongkanluang ◽  
Neramitr Chirakanphaisarn
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Ceramic Coating ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
Ceramic Substrates ◽  
Reflectance Measurement ◽  
Ceramic Glaze ◽  
Infrared Reflection ◽  
Green Pigments ◽  
Light Green

Light green pigments based on Cr2O3, TiO2, Al2O3 and SiO2were prepared for reflective heat from solar radiation. The prepared pigment powders were mixed with ceramic glaze and sprayed onto ceramic substrates and then calcining accordance with ceramic processing for the reflectance measurement. The results show that the ceramic glaze 100 g mixed with the prepared pigment 5 g gives a maximum near infrared solar reflective of 70.94 %. The comparisons of performance test between prepared pigment and commercial green pigment that use for ceramic coating tile roof were covered two test boxes for temperature measurement. The results shown that the prepared pigment using make decrease the middle – room temperature less than commercial pigment using about 0.8 °C. It can be concluded that the prepared pigment is suitable to be used as a coating ceramic-based roofs for reducing the heat penetrating into the building.

scholarly journals Limits of cross-modal plasticity? Short-term visual deprivation does not enhance cardiac interoception, thermosensation, or tactile spatial acuity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Radziun ◽  
Laura Crucianelli ◽  
H. Henrik Ehrsson
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Washout Period ◽  
Visual Deprivation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
Experimental Group

In the present study, we investigated the effect of short-term visual deprivation on discriminative touch, cardiac interoception, and thermosensation by asking 64 healthy volunteers to perform four behavioral tasks. The experimental group contained 32 subjects who were blindfolded and kept in complete darkness for 110 minutes, while the control group consisted of 32 volunteers who were not blindfolded but were otherwise kept under identical experimental conditions. Both groups performed the required tasks three times: before and directly after deprivation (or control) and after an additional washout period of 40 minutes, in which all participants were exposed to normal light conditions. Our results showed that short-term visual deprivation had no effect on any of the senses tested. This finding suggests that short-term visual deprivation does not modulate basic bodily senses and extends this principle beyond tactile processing to the interoceptive modalities of cardiac and thermal sensations.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological responses of Cedrela Fissilis Vellozo (Meliaceae) seedlings to light

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Leonardo dos Santos ◽  
Miroslava Rakocevic ◽  
Massanori Takaki ◽  
Jorge Ribaski
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Radiation ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shade Plants

Seeds of Cedrela fissilis Vellozo were planted and maintained under two distinct conditions: at east border of a forest with red: far-red ratio of 1.15 and under canopy with photosynthetic photon flux density of 0.22-7% of full sun radiation and red: far-red ratio of 0.21-0.36. Seedling growth (height and stem diameter) was faster under sun, the development of roots more continuous and the number of leaves almost twice of that of shade plants. The leaf area was 10 times greater in sun plants with 15-25 leaflets per leaf while under shade only 5 to 10 leaflets were found per leaf. In shade plants, a higher proportion of dry mass was found in aerial parts. Leaves of sun plants had the capacity of gas exchange to respond to high light radiation, but leaves adapted to shade presented a lower response to light changes. When shade plants were transferred and maintained under the sun for 15 days, only the young leaves were adapted to increased light radiation, reaching the same photosynthetic rate as sun plants, while old leaves were shed. Sun plants transferred to shade conditions did not lose leaves, but did not reach the same photosynthetic rate attained by shade plants.

The impact of increased soil risk elements on carotenoid contents

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 678-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Procházková ◽  
Daniel Haisel ◽  
Daniela Pavlíková ◽  
Jiřina Száková ◽  
Naďa Wilhelmová
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Initial Compound ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Risk Elements ◽  
Pam Fluorometer ◽  
Slow Kinetics ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA pot experiment was conducted to compare the responses of a non-transgenic tobacco plant (WT) and plants with genetically prolonged life-span (SAG) to risk elements of As, Cd and Zn. Plants were grown in control soil and in soil with higher levels of risk elements. The pigment contents were established by HPLC and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured from slow kinetics after a 15 min dark period with the PAM fluorometer. Top (i.e. young) leaves of both WT and SAG plants were more sensitive to photoinhibition caused by these risk elements but plants showed acclimation to such elements in the bottom leaves. Plants differed in the participation of individual pigments of xanthophyll cycle: increased levels of risk elements seem to stimulate especially first (violaxanthin to antheraxanthin) and second (anhtheraxanthin to zeaxanthin) steps of the cycle in WT plants. In SAG plants, toxic elements caused an increase in the content, particularly of the initial compound of the cycle — violaxanthin.

scholarly journals On the Use of the Unusual Green Pigment Brochantite (Cu4(SO4)(OH)6) in the 16th-Century Portuguese-Flemish Paintings Attributed to The Master Frei Carlos Workshop

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Valadas ◽  
Rita V. Freire ◽  
Ana Cardoso ◽  
José Mirão ◽  
Cristina B. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Natural Pigment ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alteration Product ◽  
Green Pigments

AbstractThis paper reports an unusual green pigment, brochantite (Cu4(SO4)(OH)6), on 16th-century Portuguese-Flemish paintings, attributed to the Master Frei Carlos workshop. This green mineral is usually identified as an impurity or alteration product in the green pigments verdigris (Cu(CH3COO)2nCu(OH)2) or malachite (CuCO3 Cu(OH)2). However, after thorough investigation with a broad range of analytical techniques, it became clear that, in this case, brochantite was applied as a pigment. The abundance, pigment granulometry, and pigment morphology suggest intentional use by this Portuguese-Flemish Master as a natural pigment rather than its accidental use as an alteration product. This seems to be a distinguishable feature to other painters (Flemish and Portuguese) working in Portugal at the beginning of the 16th century.The multi-analytical study of these easel paintings was first performed by physical imaging techniques and material characterization was carried out by optical microscopy, micro-Fourier-transform infrared-spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and micro-X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).

scholarly journals Acclimation to Ex Vitro Conditions in Ninebark

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jagiełło-Kubiec ◽  
Karolina Nowakowska ◽  
Aleksandra Józefina Łukaszewska ◽  
Andrzej Pacholczak
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Physocarpus Opulifolius ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

Acclimation is the final phase of micropropagation and often decisive for its economic output. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and supplementary light on acclimation and leaf anatomy of the in vitro-rooted plants of ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius L.). The initial material came from 8–10-week-old in vitro cultures on ½MS supplemented with 1 mg·L−1 IBA. After potting, plantlets were sprayed with ABA solutions or distilled water and were grown either under natural daylight or under supplemental sodium light at 230 μmol·m−2·s−1 between 2 and 9 p.m. All measurements and anatomical observations were done after eight weeks in the greenhouse. Supplementary lighting significantly increased the percentage of acclimatized plants, plant height and the internode number. Plant growth was also positively affected by 1 mg·L−1 ABA. During acclimation, the photosynthesis rate increased while the transpiration and stomatal conductance dropped. The assimilation pigment contents increased under supplemental lighting while ABA had no detectable effect. However, relative to water controls, ABA increased photosynthesis, reduced transpiration, and stomatal conductance in plants growing under both light conditions. Leaves from the in vitro plants were about two times thinner than those from plants growing in soil, with only a single layer of the palisade parenchyma, hence with lower proportion in relation to the spongy parenchyma. Supplementary light during acclimation increased leaf thickness but only in the water control while it decreased it in the ABA-treated plants. ABA increased the mesophyll thickness but only in plants growing under natural light. In conclusion, supplementary light and treatment with ABA enhance acclimation of micropropagated ninebark plants.

scholarly journals Konsentrasi Klorofil pada Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Puring (Codiaeum varigatum L.)

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Yelni Gogahu ◽  
Song Ai Nio ◽  
Parluhutan Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Color Pigment

Tanaman puring memiliki varietas yang sangat banyak dan terdapat sekitar 260 varietas puring yang ada di Indonesia. Puring merupakan tanaman yang memiliki warna dan bentuk daun yang beragam seperti kuning, hijau, merah dan coklat sehingga tanaman puring dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman hias warna-warni tersebut disebabkan karena adanya bermacam-macam pigmen warna didalam daun. Dalam proses fotosintesis klorofil atau pigmen hijau daun sangat diperlukan sehingga setiap daun sangat membutuhkan klorofil. Belum ada data yang menunjukkan apakah perbedaan dominansi warna pigmen daun juga mengandung perbedaan kandungan klorofilnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh perbedaan warna daun pada 9 varietas dan perbedaan umur tanaman terhadap kandungan klorofil tanaman puring (puring cobra, puring spageti lokal, puring bor merah, puring jengkol, puring jempol, puring jet merah, puring kura-kura moncolor, puring bor cristata, puring lele) dan perbedaan umur daun tanaman terhadap kandungan klorofilnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun pada umur 3 bulan kandungan klorofilnya sama pada semua varietas baik kandungan konsentrasi klorofil total, klorofil a maupun  klorofil b. Pada 3 varietas (puring cobra, puring spageti lokal dan puring bor merah) daun yang telah berumur 8 bulan mengandung konsentrasi klorofil total dan klorofil a  yang berbeda antara daun muda dan daun tua sedangkan konsentrasi korofil b tidak berbeda pada semua varietas.Croton plants has so many varieties. Around 260 varieties of Croton plants are found in Indonesia. Croton plant is a plant with various color leaves such as yellow, green, red and brown which make Croton plant is used to be a house-plant. Those colors exist because of many color pigment in leaf. Every leaf needs chlorophyll or green pigment in photosynthesis process. There is no data that shows different color leaves contain different amount of chlorophyll. This research is done in order to find out the effects of difference in color leaves and plants age towards chlorophyll contents in Croton plants (puring cobra, puring spageti lokal, puring bor merah, puring jengkol, puring jempol, puring jet merah, puring kura-kura moncolor, puring bor cristata, puring lele) and different leaves age towards chlorophyll contents. The results showed that the leaf at the age of 3 months has the same chlorophyll contents whether in total chlorophyll, a chlorophyll ad b chlorophyll with the other varieties. The leaf in the age of 8 months in 3 varieties (puring cobra, puring spageti lokal dan puring bor merah) contains different consentration of total chlorophyll and a chlorophyll between young leaves and older leaves while the concentration of b chlorophyll does not differ at all varieties.

scholarly journals Influence of light conditions on adult mortality and egg-laying of Triatoma brasiliensis neiva, 1911 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-233
Author(s):  
Carlos Brisola Marcondes ◽  
João Agnaldo Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Normal Laboratory

We compared, for Triatoma brasiliensis, the egg-laying process and the mortality of adults under conditions of almost permanent darkness and with normal laboratory luminosity. Mortality did not differ between groups. The egg-laying per vial and per female was significantly greater in the group of normal luminosity. We consider that it is not recommendable to keep the adults of this species under complete darkness. Other biological aspects should be analysed in relation to luminosity.

Preparation of IR Reflective Green Pigment

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 805-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thadsanee Thongkanluang ◽  
Pichet Limsuwan ◽  
P. Rakkwamsuk
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Green Pigments ◽  
Thin Disks ◽  
High Reflectance ◽  
Host Component

This research article reports a development on green pigments having high reflectance of NIR radiation from the sun. The aim of the development is to use the green pigments as a component of building paint to reduce heat penetrating into the building. Cr2O3, a green pigment oxide, was used as the host component and the mixtures of Al2O3, V2O5 and TiO2 were used as the guest components. Al2O3, V2O5 and TiO2 were mixed at different 36 compositions according to triaxial diagram. For each sample preparation, 80% wt Cr2O3 was mixed with 20%wt of guest component for each composition. Then the mixed sample were calcined at 1150 °C for 4 hours and were ground with an agate ball mill for 7 minutes at a speed of 250 rev/min. Finally, the pigments were sieved to obtain the particle sizes of 0.5 - 2.0 µm. The pigment powders were compressed in a mold to get samples in the form of thin disks, each one with a diameter of 2.7 cm and a thickness of 4 mm. The reflectance for all samples was measured using a spectrophotometer in the wavelength ranging from 300 – 2100 nm in accordance with ASTM E891. It was found that the maximum reflectance, in the wavelengths ranging from 780 – 2100 nm, of 82.83% was obtained from the sample with a composition of 80%Cr2O3, 14%Al2O3, 4%TiO2 and 2% V2O5.

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