scholarly journals Utilization Efficiency of Growth Regulators in Wheat under Drought Stress and Sandy Soil Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathy M. A. El-Saadony ◽  
Yasser S. A. Mazrou ◽  
Ahmed E. A. Khalaf ◽  
Ahmed M. A. El-Sherif ◽  
Hany S. Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Drought stress and nutrient status are highly important for plant growth and productivity. Two field experiments were conducted during two consecutive seasons (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) at El-Molak, Abo-Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt. This work was conducted under sandy soil conditions to evaluate the effects of foliar application with growth regulators (PGRs) such as cycocel (CCC), applied at 0, 500, or 1000 mg L−1, and/or salicylic acid (SA), applied at 0, 0.05, or 0.1 mM on the productivity as well as improving drought tolerance of three wheat cultivars, i.e., Gemmeiza 11, Misr 1, and Giza 171 under three irrigation intervals, i.e., 10, 15, and 20 days. Foliar spray was given at 35 and 50 days after planting (DAP). The obtained results showed that mean squares as a result of the main effect and first- and second-order interactions were significant (p ≤ 0.01) for all studied traits. The application of SA increased total chlorophyll content and flag leaf area (cm2) while the number of days to 50% heading was decreased; however, the number of spikes m−2, protein and proline contents were increased with the application of CCC. The cultivar Misr 1 outperformed the other cultivars in the most studied traits. Estimates of heritability in the broad sense (h2b) were, on average, higher in five physiological traits than other agronomic traits, and the highest estimate of h2b (95.1%) was shown by the number of days to 50% heading followed by protein content (91.90%). Among the interactions between irrigation and growth regulators, the I(10) × SA(0.1) recorded the highest flag leaf area (cm2), SPAD value, number of grains spike−1, 1000-grain weight (g), and grain yield (t ha−1). Among the interactions between irrigation and cultivars, the I(10) × Misr 1 recorded the highest flag leaf area (cm2), SPAD value, number of grains spike−1, and grain yield (t ha−1). Among the interactions among irrigation, growth regulators and cultivars, the I(10) × SA(0.1) × Misr 1 recorded the highest flag leaf area (cm2), number of grains spike−1, 1000-grain weight (g), and grain yield (t ha−1). Correlation coefficient between grain yield (t ha−1) and each of the number of days to 50% heading, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll content, number of spikes m−2, number of grains spike−1, and 1000-grain weight was positive and significant. Three main factors for the studied variables were created from the application of the factor analysis technique. Grain yield ha−1 (Y) can be predicted by the method of forwarding stepwise through applying the automatic linear regression analysis. Besides, the best prediction equation of grain yield ha−1 (Y) was formulated as: Ỷ = −14.36 + 0.11 number of grains spike−1 (NGS) + 0.09 1000-grain weight (THW) + 0.04 number of spike m−2 (NSm) + 0.03 days to 50% heading (DF) + 0.02 total chlorophyll content (TC) with adjusted-R2 (87.33%).

Estimate of genetic parameters and correlation coefficient analysis for yield and its traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
Anant Kumar ◽  
Joginder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficients were studied in 104 genotypes of wheat genotypes for yield and yield contributing traits. Both GCV and PCV were found to be moderate for flag leaf area, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and ash content. The days to ear emergence, days to maturity, plant height, harvest index and 1000-grain weight low GCV and PCV values were observed. Number of productive tillers per plant and spike length recorded moderate value of PCV and low value of GCV. High estimate of heritability in narrow sense was recorded for number of productive tillers per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and grain yield per plant, while it was moderate for days to ear emergence, days to maturity, plant height, flag leaf area, spike length, grains per spike and low heritability were recorded for 1000-grain weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in per cent of mean was recorded for biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. Grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive association with 1000-grain weight, harvest index, biological yield per plant, grains per spike, number of productive tillers per plant and days to maturity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of F4 Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) Genotypes for Genetic Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sohail ◽  
Hidayatur Rahman ◽  
Farhat Ullah ◽  
Syed M.A. Shah ◽  
Tanvir Burni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

This research was carried out to check genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in 11 F4 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (10 F4 lines and one check) in a randomized block design with three replications at the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2015-16. Data was/were taken on parameters such as days to heading (days), plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), spike length (cm), grain weight spike-1 (g), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield plant-1 (g), biological yield plant-1 (g)and harvest index (%). The statistically significant difference(s) was/were detected for the investigated traits.  The high magnitude of heritability (˃0.62) was noted for all parameters except spike length (0.57) which was moderate. Low expected genetic advance was recorded for days to heading (3.90%) and spike length (8.13%), moderate expected genetic advance was observed for plant height (9.95%), grain weight spike-1 (11.54%) and 1000 grain weight (13.41%), while high expected genetic advance was noted for flag leaf area (24.72%), grain yield plant-1 (20.45%), biological yield plant-1 (23.64%) and harvest index (24%). Grain yield plant-1 was non-significantly and positively correlated with days to heading (rG = 0.19NS and rP = 0.07 NS),  plant height (rG = 0.30 NS and rP = 0.26 NS), flag leaf area (rG = 0.25 NS and rP = 0.18 NS), spike length (rG = 0.01 NS and rP = 0.07 NS), grain weight spike-1 (rG = 0.28 NS and rP = 0.22 NS) and 1000-grain weight (rG = 0.02 NS and rP = 0.07 NS) at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. While significantly and positively correlated with biological yield plant-1 (rG = 0.34* and rP = 0.33*) and harvest index (rG = 0.58** and rP = 0.66**) at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. High heritability showed that these traits are under genetic control and single plant selection could be started in F5 generation. The strong correlation of grain yield plant-1 with the mentioned traits showed that grain yield could be indirectly improved by improving these traits.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic parameters of yield and yield traits in wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Khan ◽  
Fida Mohammad ◽  
Fahim Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Development of superior crop varieties is the prime objectives of all plant breeding programs. To determine genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance, 24 elite bread wheat lines were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar under rainfed conditions. Data were recorded on days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm-2), spike length (cm), grain yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (g), grains spike-1, grain weight spike-1(g), and harvest index (%). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studied. Broad sense heritability was high for days to heading (0.89), grain weight spike-1(0.61g), spike length (0.70 cm), 1000-grain weight (0.62g), grain yield (0.78 kg ha-1) and harvest index (0.62%); and was moderate for days to maturity (0.52), plant height (0.38 cm), and grains spike-1 (0.49), while low heritability was estimated for spike weight (0.25g), flag leaf area (0.28 cm-2) and biological yield (0.25 kg ha-1). The values of genetic advance for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, grains spike-1, grain weight spike-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, flag leaf area, and harvest index were; 5.47, 1.88, 4.01, 6.42, 0.16, 5.02, 0.71, 418.83, 379.64, 2.89 and 3.92, respectively. Genotype PR 105 surpassed all other genotypes in grain yield (3144.33 kg ha-1) and hence it can be recommended for rainfed area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12637 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 193-205

Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield components in transplant aman rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Ripon Kumar Roy ◽  
Ratna Rani Majumder ◽  
Shahanaz Sultana ◽  
ME Hoque ◽  
MS Ali
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Flag leaf area (0.643**), productive tillers per plant (0.450**), 1000-grain weight (0.785**) and harvest index (0.920**) showed positive and strong significant association with grain yield per plant at genotypic level whereas plant height (–0.418*) and per cent spikelet sterility (–0.489**) possessed significant negative correlation with grain yield per plant. Flag leaf area (0.157) productive tillers per plant (0.481), 1000-grain weight (0.228), growth duration (0.080) and harvest index (0.544) exhibited direct effect on grain yield. Considering the correlation and path analysis flag leaf area, productive tiller per plant, 1000-grain weight and harvest index are important characters to be considered for yield improvement.

Study onGenetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Seed Yield and Component Traits in Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PUNIT KUMAR ◽  
VICHITRA KUMAR ARYA ◽  
PRADEEP KUMAR ◽  
LOKENDRA KUMAR ◽  
JOGENDRA SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield and component traits was made in 40 genotypes of riceduring kharif 2011-2012 at SHIATS, Allahabad. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the 13 traits under study.The genotypes namely CN 1446-5-8-17-1-MLD4 and CR 2706 recorded highest mean performance for panicles per hill and grain yield. The highest genotypic and phenotypic variances (VG and VP) were recorded for spikelets per panicle (3595.78 and 3642.41) followed by biological yield (355.72 and 360.62) and plant height (231.48 and 234.35).High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, flag leaf length, panicles per hill, tillers per hill, days to maturity, spikelet’s per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, indicating that selection will be effective based on these traits because they were under the influence of additive and additive x additive type of gene action. Highest coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) was recorded for tillers per hill (18.42% and 17.23%), panicle per hill (19.76 % and 18.68%), spikelet’s per panicle (34.30 and34.07 %), biological yield (28.31 % and 28.12 %), 1000 grain weight (15.57 % and 15 31 %) and grain yield (46.66% and 23.54 %), indicating that these traits are under the major influence of genetic control, therefore the above mentioned traits contributed maximum to higher grain yield compared to other traits, indicating grain yield improvement through the associated traits.

Total chlorophyll, growth and productivity of soybean [Glycine Max (L) Merril] under different levels and sources of phosphorus and plant growth regulators in south Rajasthan, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Lal Khaswan ◽  
R. K. Dubey ◽  
R. C. Tiwari ◽  
S. K. Dubey ◽  
Raj Kumari Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during Kharif 2009 and 2010 on medium clay loam soils to assess the influence of different levels and sources of phosphorus fertilization as well as plant growth regulators on productivity of soybean. Twenty seven treatments i.e. three levels (20, 30 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three sources (Single super phosphate or SSP; phosphorus rich organic manure or PROM and di-ammonium phosphate or DAP) of phosphorus in main plots and three PGRs (water spray, benzyl adenine 50 ppm and NAA 100 ppm) in sub plots of a split plot design having three replications. Results revealed that application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded significantly higher pooled yield (q ha-1) of grain (25.95), stover (37.34) and total biomass (63.29); crop growth rate or CGR (g m-2day-1) between 30-60 days after sowing ( DAS)(18.83) and 61-90 DAS (11.96); total chlorophyll content at 45 DAS (2.26%) and 60 DAS (2.80%); Leaf area index(LAI) at 45 DAS (1.56) and 60 DAS (3.44) and green leaves plant-1 at 45 DAS (11.98) and 60 DAS (21.43). Among different phosphorus sources, SSP outperformed DAP and PROM on pooled yield (q ha-1) of grain (25.12), stover (36.23) and total biomass (61.35); CGR (g m-2day-1) between 30-60 DAS (11.22) and 61-90 DAS (10.94); total chlorophyll content at 45 DAS (2.26%) and 60 DAS (2.76%); LAI at 45 DAS (1.51) and 60 DAS (3.42) and green leaves plant-1 at 45 DAS (11.77) and 60 DAS (21.35). Foliar application of NAA recorded significantly higher pooled yield (q ha-1) of grain (24.23), stover (35.73) and total biomass (60.01) than benzyl adenine and water spray. However, variations recorded under NAA and benzyl adenine in CGR, total chlorophyll content, LAI and green leave plant-1at different stages of soybean crop were statistically at par.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic parameters for grain yield, various yield components and some quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kamboj ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Devi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A study was conducted during two crop season (Kharif, 2011-12 and 2012-13) for estimating the genetic parameters by involving 10 parents and their 45 F1s in rice crop. The estimates of h2 (overall dominance effects) were positive and significant for days to 50 % flowering (9.11), days to maturity (0.24), plant height (2.95), panicle length1(39), productive tillers per plant (3.22), branches per panicle (5.61), flag leaf area (5.50), 1000-grain weight (0.27), biological yield (7.35) and amylose content (1.03) which indicated dominance of genetic components in F1s crosses. The theoretical value (0.25) of (H2/4H1) for all the traits except kernel length and amylose content indicated the asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes in the parents. The proportion of dominant and recessive alleles for panicle length, productive tillers, branches per panicle, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, kernel length and L/B ratio reflected more dominant alleles, whereas for days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, grains per panicle, flag leaf area, grain yield, harvest index, kernel breadth, kernel length after cooking, elongation ratio, amylose content and hulling %, reflected more recessive alleles in the parents. The estimates of specific combining ability (SCA) effects revealed that the cross Vallabh Basmati 21 x Pusa 1121 could be an excellent candidate for improving grain yield (1.52**), harvest index (1.86**) and flag leaf area (6.20**) whereas Pusa 1121 x CSR 10 is excellent candidate for panicle length (0.89**) and amylose content (1.54**). The characters showing more than 60 % narrow sense heritability along with positive and significant correlation with each other and also with grain yield could be rewarding for further improvement of yield and quality in rice. Therefore, these parental lines can be used as donors in future by following bi-parental mating and the diallel selective mating system could be the best breeding method in an early segregating generation for improvement in these traits in rice crop.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF REGULATION OF SOURCE-SINK RELATIONSHIP ON GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT OF DIFFERENT BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaddoa & Kadom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Abu Ghraib ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station-Agricultural Research Directorate-Ministry of Agriculture during the growing seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The objective was to investigate the effect of source-sink Regulation on grain yield  and its companents of five bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Randomized complete block design with the arrangement of split-plots with three replicates was used. Bread wheat cultivars (Bohooth-22, IPA 99, Abu-Ghraib-3,Al-Fath and Al-Rasheed) occupied the main plots while treatments of source-sink relationship regulation occupied the sub-plots. They included eight treatments: Con. control (Con.), S1 (removal of lamina of the flag leaf of main stem), S2 (removal of laminas of the leaf  beneath the flag leaf), S3 (removal of both lamina of the leaf  and the leaf under flag leaf), S4 (removal of upper third spikelets),S5 (removal of median third spikelets), S6 (removal of lower third spikelets) and S7 (removal all spikelets from one side of spike) . Characteristics of plant height, flag leaf area, spike length, no of spikelet per spike, spike weight, and grain yield and its components were measured and estimated. Results of the present study indicated the followings:  Cultivar (Bohooth-22) gave the highest 1000 grain weight (35.70 and 35.31 g) the highest grain yield (5.467 and 5.148 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively compared with Abu-Ghraib3 and Al-Rasheed cultivars which gave lowest grain yield (4.918,4.364, 4.239 and 4.352 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively and then less 1000 grain weight (30.15, 32.66, 32.61 and 32.77 g), in both seasons, respectively. Treatment (Con.) i.e no modification of source-sink relationship gave the highest grain yield (5.93 and 5.66 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively. Treatments of regulation source (S1 and S3)gave grain yield (4.909, 4.698, 4.621and 4.356 t.ha-1), respectively while (S5) treatment gave the lowest grain yield (4.203 t.ha-1) in the first season and (4.061 t.ha-1) in the second season. This indicates that sink regulation treatment was the most influencial in reducing grain yield than the source regulation treatment, especially, treatment (S5) in both seasons where the  median third of spikelets had been removed due to the reduction of spike growth rate (3.18 and 2.49 g.day-1) in both seasons compared with the (Con) treatment which gave the highest values of spike growth rate (3.91 and 3.12 g.day-1) in both seasons, respectively which resulted in the reduction of dry matter translocation in the (S5) treatment (1.87 and 1.74 g.day -1) and consequently in the reduction of 1000 grain weight (30.09 and 31.199) compared with (34.99 and 37.12 g) in the (Con.) treatment in both seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Response of Sorghum to Tillage Systems and Nitrogen Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marwan Ramadhan ◽  
Sadiq Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

In the subtropical semi-arid zones, sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) productivity is limited by numerous constraints. Relatively few studies have been conducted to measure the response of grain sorghum varieties to tillage and nitrogen. For sustainable crop production, selected tillage practice and fertilizer application are important. Field experiments were conducted at Al Qurna (QL), 74 km northwest Basrah province and Shatt al-Arab (SHL) and 17 km east Basrah province. A randomized complete block design, arranged in a split-split plot, was used with three replications. The tillage system was no tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT), while sorghum varieties were Inqadh, Rabih, and Cavire 2, and four levels of N fertilizer, viz., 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1. The objective of research was to evaluate two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties to tillage system and nitrogen (N) fertilizer. The application of tillage was shown to enhance the growth of sorghum as observed in the plant height, leaf area, number of grains panicle−1, 1000-grain weight, yield, biomass yield, and root dry matter. CT surpassed the other treatments for all studied traits. The highest value of plant height, number of grains panicle−1, grain yield, biomass yield, and root dry matter in the QL and SHL locations, respectively, were produced by Cavire 2. The plots fertilized with 120 kg N ha−1 maximize the values of plant height (132.33 cm in the SHL location), leaf area (3040.53 and 2751.47 cm2 in the QL and SHL location respectively), number of grains panicle−1 (1431.37 in the SHL location), 1000-grain weight (31.77 g in the QL location), biomass yield (15752.00 kg ha−1 in the SHL location), and root dry matter (22.42 and 20.75 g root cm−3 in the QL and SHL locations, respectively). Cavire 2 variety under CT with 80 kg N ha−1 in the QL location was the best (observed as the most promising) in terms of grain yield. Whereas Cavire 2 under CT showed best performance with 120 kg N ha−1 in the QL location in terms of biomass yield character.

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