scholarly journals Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2123
Author(s):  
Paul Winklhofer ◽  
Sabine Andert ◽  
Silke Hüttel ◽  
Bärbel Gerowitt
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Crop Choice ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
On Farm

Phosphorus (P) is essential for agriculture; however, local P surpluses can have adverse environmental effects, such as eutrophication. Optimal P fertiliser use, therefore, means balancing these effects. Although P fluxes from soil to plants are key research areas, little is known about on-farm use of P fertilisers. As, typically, not all fields or crops are treated with P annually, the transferability of measurements for other nutrients, such as nitrogen, appears limited. This study aims to close this knowledge gap. On-farm P use was described using the farm records of 50 farms in five regions of northern Germany for the period of 2010 to 2018. All sources for P fertilisation were taken into account as either P mineral, P organic or P total. Two indicators for on-farm P use were suggested: frequency, which gives the percentage of the treated area, and amount, which gives the quantity used per ha of the treated area. The frequency for P total ranged from 55.9% to 93.1% of the total farm area being fertilised. Amounts between 24.8 and 41.6 kg ha−1 P total were applied on the treated area of the farm. The results supported the separation of the quantity and frequency in on-farm P use. No decrease in P use was found during the period investigated. Using mixed models, the results further show that explanatory variables, including the farm characteristics and crop choice, explain the substantial variations in P use. It is recommended for the example of Germany to establish an official digital database for P fertilisers that can be updated professionally and is mandatory for all documentation on P use.

Convenience Sample of On-Farm Research Cooperators Representative of Wisconsin Farmers

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Luschei ◽  
Clarissa M. Hammond ◽  
Chris M. Boerboom ◽  
Pete J. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Unknown Bias ◽  
Management Behaviors

Researchers interested in describing or understanding agroecological systems have many reasons to consider on-farm research. Yet, despite the inherent realism and pedagogical value of on-farm studies, recruiting cooperators can be difficult and this difficulty can result in so-called “convenience samples” containing a potentially large and unknown bias. There is often no formal justification for claiming that on-farm research results can be extrapolated to farms beyond those participating in the study. In some sufficiently well-understood research areas, models may be able to correct for potential bias; however, no theoretical argument is as persuasive as a direct comparison between a randomized and a convenience sample. In a 30-cooperator on-farm study investigating weed community dynamics across the state of Wisconsin, we distributed a written survey probing farmer weed management behaviors and attitudes. The survey contained 59 questions that overlapped a large, randomized survey of farmer corn pest management behavior. We compared 187 respondents from the larger survey with the 18 respondents from our on-farm study. For dichotomous response questions, we found no difference in response rate for 80% of the questions (α = 0.2, β > 0.5). Differences between the two groups were logically connected to the selection criteria used to recruit cooperators in the on-farm study. Similarly, comparisons of nondichotomous response questions did not differ for 80% of the questions (α = 0.05, β > 0.9). Exploratory multivariate analyses failed to reveal differences that might have been hidden from the marginal analyses. We argue that our findings support the notion that the convenience samples often associated with on-farm research may be representative of the more general class of farms, despite lack of bias protection provided by truly randomized designs.

Integrating IS Security With Knowledge Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 267-283
Author(s):  
Murray Eugene Jennex ◽  
Alexandra Durcikova
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Capture ◽  
Knowledge Sourcing ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Is Security ◽  
Job Postings

Knowledge management focuses on capturing and sharing knowledge. Because of this, KM researchers tend to focus on issues related to knowledge capture, storage, and sharing. However, because knowledge is valuable, it is a target needing to be protected. This chapter posits that KM researchers and practitioners also need to think about security and explores how important security skills are to KM practitioners and researchers. A literature review was performed to determine how much attention is paid by KM researchers to knowledge security. Additionally, KM job postings were examined to determine if security skills are considered important by those hiring KM practitioners. Next, a survey was prepared for exploring security attitudes of KM practitioners as an area of future research. Finally, future research areas for IS security are proposed that can greatly benefit from lessons learned in the areas of both knowledge sharing and knowledge sourcing.

Lessons Learned from the NASA Astrobiology Institute

2011 ◽  
pp. 1201-1216
Author(s):  
Lisa Faithorn ◽  
Baruch S. Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Professional Relationships ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
New Research ◽  
Practice Of Science

Complex social, economic, political and environmental challenges as well as new research areas that cut across disciplinary, institutional and national boundaries are catalyzing a rapid increase in geographically distributed work groups. At the same time, advanced information technologies designed to facilitate effective communication and collaboration among remote colleagues are having a dramatic impact on social and professional relationships and organizational structures and forms. The practice of science is one of the domains that are undergoing significant change as a result of this trend toward increased collaboration. In this chapter we describe our efforts to promote collaboration among geographically dispersed multidisciplinary science teams in the NASA Astrobiology Institute. The lessons learned regarding the importance of recognizing and addressing the complex and inter-related dimensions of collaboration have implications not only for science but also for many other contemporary domains of activity.

Assessment of the Activities of Food Crop Gleaners in Delta State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-153
Author(s):  
Solomon Okeoghene Ebewore
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Large Household ◽  
On Farm

The study examined the activities of food crop gleaners in Delta State, Nigeria. It describes and assesses the socio-economic characteristics of food crop gleaners, crops gleaned, reasons adduced by gleaners for carrying out their activities, perceived benefits and factors affecting the activities of gleaners. Primary survey was conducted on 126 respondents selected through snowball sampling. The results obtained showed that most of the respondents were females (93.3%) and widows (65.0%), 90 per cent were over 50 years old, about 77.5 per cent had low-level education (either no formal or primary education); also about 67.5 per cent of the gleaners earn income below 5,000 naira per month. Hunger (98.33%), avoidance of wastage (74.17%), lack of land by gleaners for farming (98.33%) and to eke out a living (85.00%) were the main reasons adduced by the respondents for gleaning. The major constraint militating against the activities of the gleaners were scarcity of leftover crops on farm, discrimination against the gleaners, economic hardships in the country and biological factors. Regression result showed that four explanatory variables, namely gender, marital status, monthly income and household size were significant; unmarried females; low-income earners and those with large household were more involved in gleaning.

scholarly journals On farm prevention ofCampylobacter andSalmonella: lessons learned from basic biosecurity interventions

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Dale ◽  
Sean Price Nolan ◽  
Roy D. Berghaus ◽  
Charles L. Hofacre
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
On Farm

Risk factors for sanitary condemnation in broiler chickens and their relative impact: application of an original multiblock approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. LUPO ◽  
S. BOUGEARD ◽  
L. BALAINE ◽  
V. MICHEL ◽  
I. PETETIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Health Event ◽  
Block Organization ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Significant Factors

SUMMARYAn innovative and well-adapted statistical method, called multiblock redundancy analysis, is proposed for a complex health-event analysis to account for the thematic block organization of variables. The outcome block contained the condemnation rates of 404 broiler chicken flocks, distinguishing infectious and traumatic condemnation categories. Explanatory variables were organized in blocks related to the different production stages (farm structure and routine husbandry practices; on-farm flock history and characteristics; catching, transport and lairage conditions; slaughterhouse and inspection features). The aim was to determine risk factors for both condemnation categories, and the relative impact of the different production stages on the whole condemnation rate. Results showed that significant factors were either specific to one condemnation category or related to both categories, and each of the explanatory blocks was involved in the explanation of infectious and traumatic condemnation rates. On-farm flock information explained 40% of the overall condemnation process whereas the other explanatory blocks had similar relative impacts.

scholarly journals The EMSO-ERIC Pan-European Consortium: Data Benefits and Lessons Learned as the Legal Entity Forms

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairi M.R. Best ◽  
Paolo Favali ◽  
Laura Beranzoli ◽  
Jérôme Blandin ◽  
Namik M. Çağatay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ocean Observations

AbstractThe European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory (EMSO) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) provides power, communications, sensors, and data infrastructure for continuous, high-resolution, (near-)real-time, interactive ocean observations across a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary range of research areas including biology, geology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and computer science, from polar to subtropical environments, through the water column down to the abyss. Eleven deep-sea and four shallow nodes span from the Arctic through the Atlantic and Mediterranean, to the Black Sea. Coordination among the consortium nodes is being strengthened through the EMSOdev project (H2020), which will produce the EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM). Early installations are now being upgraded, for example, at the Ligurian, Ionian, Azores, and Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) nodes. Significant findings have been flowing in over the years; for example, high-frequency surface and subsurface water-column measurements of the PAP node show an increase in seawater pCO2 (from 339 μatm in 2003 to 353 μatm in 2011) with little variability in the mean air-sea CO2 flux. In the Central Eastern Atlantic, the Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands open-ocean canary node (aka ESTOC station) has a long-standing time series on water column physical, biogeochemical, and acidification processes that have contributed to the assessment efforts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). EMSO not only brings together countries and disciplines but also allows the pooling of resources and coordination to assemble harmonized data into a comprehensive regional ocean picture, which will then be made available to researchers and stakeholders worldwide on an open and interoperable access basis.

scholarly journals The Use of Video to Evaluate On-Farm Demonstrations as a Tactile Space for Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4342
Author(s):  
Hanne Cooreman ◽  
Joke Vandenabeele ◽  
Lies Debruyne ◽  
Fleur Marchand
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Participant Group ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Tactile spaces as learning environments influence individuals’ attitudes through social embeddedness or interconnections among people, and physical embodiedness through experiencing surroundings, potentially fostering deep commitments. When on-farm demonstrations operate as tactile spaces, they could potentially support the adoption of innovative agricultural practices. In this article, we introduce video analysis as a methodological approach to evaluate this potential of on-farm demonstration (OFD) as tactile spaces. We reflect upon this methodology with a lens on three Belgian on-farm demonstrations, each on a different topic with a different participant group, all including farmers. As a first result, this method assists in defining strengths and weaknesses of an OFD in terms of using its potential as a rich learning environment. Based on our cases, we suggest deliberately incorporating physical interaction opportunities and verbal references to the surroundings during OFDs, as our data reveals that physical embodiedness opportunities stimulate verbal and physical interactions. However, more research should confirm this. Secondly, our research resulted in lessons learned for future use of video to evaluate OFDs as tactile spaces, building on the VDA methodological framework of Nassauer and Legewie (2018). We summarise our insights in methodological guidelines, which can serve as a starting point to guide future research.

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