scholarly journals Diallel Analysis of Early Leaf Spot (Cercospora arachidicola Hori) Disease Resistance in Groundnut

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adama Zongo ◽  
Abdourasmane K. Konate ◽  
Kadidia Koïta ◽  
Mahamadou Sawadogo ◽  
Philippe Sankara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Resistance Traits

Early leaf spot (ELS) is one of the major biotic constraints of groundnut production in West and Central Africa. A study using 6 × 6 F2 full diallel populations from six parents (NAMA, B188, PC79-79, QH243C, TS32-1, and CN94C) was conducted to assess the mode of inheritance of ELS resistance traits. The F2 and parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was collected on ELS disease severity, and an area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was estimated. The results revealed that additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in the inheritance of the ELS resistance traits, but additive gene action was predominant. Significant reciprocal cross effect was observed, suggesting cytoplasmic effect on ELS resistance. Graphical analysis also revealed the predominance of additive gene action for ELS resistance. The results suggest that early generation selection should be effective for ELS resistance. Looking at the distribution of array points along with the regression line, parental lines NAMA, PC79-79, and B188 would be suitable as good donors in an ELS disease resistance breeding program.

scholarly journals Field Evaluations of Leaf Spot Resistance and Yield in Peanut Genotypes in the United States and Bolivia

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Gremillion ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
R. N. Pittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Progress Curve

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production.

scholarly journals Combining Ability Analysis of Blast Disease Resistance and Agronomic Traits in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn]

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Owere ◽  
Pangirayi Tongoona ◽  
John Derera ◽  
Nelson Wanyera
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene

<p>Blast disease is the most important biotic constraint to finger millet production. Therefore disease resistant varieties are required. However, there is limited information on combining ability for resistance and indeed other agronomic traits of the germplasm in Uganda. This study was carried out to estimate the combining ability and gene effects controlling blast disease resistance and selected agronomic traits in finger millet. Thirty six crosses were generated from a 9 × 9 half diallel mating design. The seed from the 36 F<sub>1</sub> crosses were advanced by selfing and the F<sub>2</sub> families and their parents were evaluated in three replications. General combining ability (GCA) for head blast resistance and the other agronomic traits were all highly significant (p ≤ 0.01), whereas specific combining ability (SCA) was highly significant for all traits except grain yield and grain mass head<sup>-1</sup>. On partitioning the mean sum of squares, the GCA values ranged from 31.65% to 53.05% for head blast incidence and severity respectively, and 36.18% to 77.22% for the other agronomic traits measured. Additive gene effects were found to be predominant for head blast severity, days to 50% flowering, grain yield, number of productive tillers plant<sup>-1</sup>, grain mass head<sup>-1</sup>, plant height and panicle length. Non-additive gene action was predominant for number of fingers head<sup>-1</sup>, finger width and panicle width. The parents which contributed towards high yield were <em>Seremi 2</em>, <em>Achaki</em>, <em>Otunduru</em>, <em>Bulo</em> and <em>Amumwari</em>. Generally, highly significant additive gene action implied that progress would be made through selection whereas non-additive gene action could slow selection progress and indicated selection in the later generations.</p>

Combining ability and gene action studies for yield-contributing traits in crosses involving winter and spring wheat genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
H. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

The success of winter × spring wheat hybridization programmes depends upon the ability of the genotypes of these two physiologically distinct ecotypes to combine well with each other. Hence the present investigation was undertaken to study the combining ability and nature of gene action for various morpho-physiological and yield-contributing traits in crosses involving winter and spring wheat genotypes. Five elite and diverse genotypes each of winter and spring wheat ecotypes and their F 1 (spring × spring, winter × winter and winter × spring) hybrids, generated in a diallel mating design excluding reciprocals, were evaluated in a random block design with three replications. Considerable variability was observed among the spring and winter wheat genotypes for all the traits under study. Furthermore, these traits were highly influenced by the winter and spring wheat genetic backgrounds, resulting in significant differences between the spring × spring, winter × winter and winter × spring wheat hybrids for some of the traits. The winter × spring wheat hybrids were observed to be the best with respect to yieldcontributing traits. On the basis of GCA effects, the spring wheat parents HPW 42, HPW 89, HW 3024, PW 552 and UP 2418 and the winter wheat parents Saptdhara, VWFW 452, W 10 and WW 24 were found to be good combiners for the majority of traits. These spring and winter wheat parents could be effectively utilized in future hybridization programmes for wheat improvement. Superior hybrid combinations for one or more traits were identified, all of which involved at least one good general combiner for one or more traits in their parentage, and can thus be exploited in successive generations to develop potential recombinants through various breeding strategies. Genetic studies revealed the preponderance of additive gene action for days to flowering, days to maturity and harvest index, and non-additive gene action for the remaining six traits.

scholarly journals VARIASI GENETIK, HERITABILITAS, TINDAK GEN DAN KEMAJUAN GENETIK KEDELAI (Glycine max Merrill) PADA ULTISOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suprapto Suprapto ◽  
Narimah Md Kairudin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Broadsense Heritability

Information on genetic variation, heritability, gene action and genetic advance were important in the development of soybean varieties adapted on Ultisol. The objective of this experiment was to estimate genetic variation, hertability, gene action and genetic advance from the populaton used in breeding program. Six genotypes, i.e Dempo, Cikuray, Davros, Orba, Sindoro and Wilis were intercrossed using diallel Griffings’ Method 2 Model 1 (1956). These six genotypes and 15 F1  hybrids were planted on Ultisol using randomized complete block design with three replications located in Medan Baru village, Bengkulu city in 1999. The results of this experiment revealed that all traits showed low to high genetic variation, high broadsense heritability, low to high narrowsense heritability and genetic advance. Date of flowering and root length were fully controlled by additive gene action, however harvest index was fully controlled by   negative dominant gene action and epistasis. Other traits were controlled by positive and negative partially dominant, and positive overdominant  genes. 

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Some Agronomic Traits in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. [Moench])

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Muyideen Oluseyi Olayiwola ◽  
Deborah Doyinsola Olaniran ◽  
Adesola Lateef Nassir ◽  
Omolayo Johnson Ariyo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Pod Length

AbstractA study was carried out at the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria to determine the gene action underlying the inheritance of important agronomic traits as well as the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of the parents and hybrids, respectively. Ten hybrids were developed by crossing five lines to two testers. The hybrids and parents were evaluated on the field in a randomised complete block design replicated three times, and data were collected on days to 50% flowering, number of branches, stem diameter, plant height, pod length, pod width, pod weight, number of pods and pod yield. The data were subjected to line by tester analysis and results showed substantial variability among the genotypes for some of the characters measured. Days to 50% flowering, number of pods and pod yield were largely under additive gene action while non-additive gene action was more important in the inheritance of plant height. Favourable GCA and SCA effects for days to 50% flowering were observed in NGB00356, NGB00326 and NGB00347 × NGB00326, respectively. The tester NGB00326 had a positive and significant GCA effect for number of pods while the highest positive SCA effect for pod yield was found in NGB00297 × NGB00326. Thus, NGB00356 and NGB00326 could be considered as sources of alleles for development of early maturing while the cross NGB00297 × NGB00326 could be exploited for high yielding okra genotypes.

scholarly journals Genetics of Resistance in F2 Soybean Populations for Adzuki Bean Bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Ulemu Mercy Msiska ◽  
Mehari Gebremedhn Hailay ◽  
Belay Weldekidan Miesho ◽  
Angele Pembele Ibanda ◽  
Phinehas Tukamuhabwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Additive Gene

Adzuki bean bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis) is a significant pest of soybean in Uganda. To sustainably manage this pest, utilization of resistant soybean varieties is the key solution. Development of resistant varieties needs knowledge on modes of inheritance which is crucial in selection of parent materials. To identify parents, a study was initiated to determine the gene action and mode of inheritance of resistance to bruchids in soybean. Nine parental lines were crossed in a full-diallel at Makerere University Agricultural Institute, Uganda. The generated F1s were advanced to F2 and seeds were evaluated for response to bruchid infestation in a randomised complete block design. Ten seeds were infested with 10 randomly selected unsexed 1-3 day old bruchids. Genotypes showed significant differences in seed weight loss (swl), adult bruchid emergence (ABE) and Dobie susceptibility index (DSI) indicating that these parameters could be used to screen genotypes in genetic analysis. Mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) were significant (P &lt; 0.05) for swl, DSI and number of ABE from the F2 seeds indicating additive gene action. Susceptibility parameters ABE and DSI showed significant specific combining ability (SCA) indicating non-additive gene action. Resistance was influenced by maternal effects indicating that direction of the cross was important. Genotypes S-Line 9.2 and S-Line 13.2A showed negative significant GCA effects for at least two of the susceptibility parameters indicating that they were the best parents for bruchid resistance breeding. The study established that additive, non additive and maternal effects governed the gene expression in soybean resistance to bruchids.

Estimation of combining ability and gene action for yield and its components in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Maida ◽  
M. P. Patel ◽  
Chandrabhan Ahirwar ◽  
A. M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Additive Gene

Twenty eight hybrids developed by utilizing eight parents in 8 x 8 diallel mating design excluding reciprocals were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications for twelve characters in order to understand the combining ability and gene action in pigeonpea. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed presence of additive and non- additive gene action. The ratio of gca/sca variance was less than unity which indicated the preponderance of non- additive gene action for action in the control of pod length, harvest index, protein content and leaf area. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that parents ICPL-87119, GT-103 and AGT-2 were good general combiners for seed yield per plant and its attributing characters while, hybrids UPAS-120 x GT-103, BSMR-853 x BANAS and BSMR-853 x GT-1 showed the higher order sca effect for seed yield per plant. These cross combinations can be potentially utilized in hybrid breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Tomato Hybrids and Inbred Lines for Fruit Quality Traits

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Ilias D. Avdikos ◽  
Rafail Tagiakas ◽  
Pavlos Tsouvaltzis ◽  
Ioannis Mylonas ◽  
Ioannis N. Xynias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Tomato is one of the most consumed fruit vegetables globally and is a high dietary source of minerals, fiber, carotenoids, and vitamin C. The tomato is also well known for its nutraceutical chemical content which strengthens human immune systems and is protective against infectious and degenerative diseases. For this reason, there has been recent emphasis on breeding new tomato cultivars with nutraceutical value. Most of the modern tomato cultivars are F1 hybrids, and many of the characteristics associated with fruit quality have additive gene action; so, in theory, inbred vigor could reach hybrid vigor. A sum of 20 recombinant lines was released from the commercial single-cross hybrids Iron, Sahara, Formula, and Elpida, through a breeding process. Those recombinant lines were evaluated during spring–summer 2015 under organic farming conditions in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) experimental design with three replications. A sum of eleven qualitative characteristics of the fruit was recorded on an individual plant basis. Results from this study indicated that the simultaneous selection of individual tomato plants, both in terms of their high yield and desired fruit quality characteristics, can lead to highly productive recombinant lines with integrated quality characteristics. So, inbred vigor can reach and even surpass hybrid vigor. The response to selection for all characteristics evaluated shows additive gene action of all characteristics measured. These recombinant lines can fulfill this role as alternatives to hybrid cultivars and those that possess high nutritional values to function as functional-protective food.

scholarly journals Genetic control of characters associated with bean golden mosaic geminivirus resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Pessoni ◽  
Maria José de O. Zimmermann ◽  
Josias Corrêa de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Additive Gene

Bean golden mosaic is the most important viral disease of the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Latin America. The genetics of resistance to a Brazilian strain of bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), was studied in a 4 x 4 diallel cross without reciprocals, among the parental genotypes DOR 303, EMGOPA 201 Ouro, Carnaval, and Redlands Greenleaf C. Seedlings of the four parents, six F1 hybrids, 12 backcrosses, and F2 generations for each combination were inoculated on the eighth day after sowing by exposure to a viruliferous whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) population for 24 h, in a glasshouse, prior to transplantation to field conditions. The full set of two parents, F1, F2 and respective backcrosses for each combination was considered to be a family. Data were recorded and analyzed for foliar yellowing, plant dwarfing, and pod malformation, using a randomized block design, with two replications. Weighted generation mean analysis was performed for each of the six families. An additive gene action model was significant for the three characteristics evaluated. On the other hand, non-additive gene action had greater absolute value in most cases. Resistance to foliar yellowing conferred by genes from DRO 303 was highly heritable and was expressed equally well in the different genetic backgrounds evaluated. Such resistance may be oligogenic. Broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities were relatively high for all response traits. The three traits studied were all positively correlated, indicating that they can be simultaneously selected for enhancement. The highest correlation coefficient was obtained for dwarfing x pod malformation.

scholarly journals Genetic control of fruit shelf life and yield in crossbreeding of Sletr1-2 mutant with Indonesian tropical tomatoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gungun Wiguna ◽  
Farida Damayanti ◽  
Syariful Mubarok ◽  
Hiroshi Ezura ◽  
Anas ANAS
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
Fruit Shelf Life

Postharvest losses are a significant concern for tomato breeding associated with their short fruit shelf life. Sletr1-2 is a new ethylene receptor mutant that has a prominent character in a prolonged fruit shelf life. This research aimed to estimate the combining ability of Sletr1-2 mutant and determine the selection method for future breeding associated with the fruit shelf-life and yield. Four lines of tropical tomato, i.e., 'Intan,' 'Mirah,' 'Ratna' and 'Mutiara,' were crossed with the wild type Micro-Tom (WT-MT) and Sletr1-2 mutant tomato using a line x tester mating design. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to evaluate twelve F1 and their parents. The study revealed significant differences in the GCA of the line and tester but not for SCA. The lines and testers contributed more to total variance than their interaction. 'Intan' and Sletr1-2 mutants had the greatest fruit shelf-life combiners, with additive gene action being the most prevalent. Simple phenotypic selection or pure line selection from selected crosses in advanced generations would be preferable. 'Mutiara' was the best combiner for yield and plant growth, with non-additive gene action was the most common. The breeding strategy that considered dominance, overdominance, and epistasis was preferred.

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