Seasonal Variations in Canopy Size and Yield of Rayong 9 Cassava Genotype under Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of seasonal variation on canopy size, and the effect of canopy size on light penetration of ‘Rayong 9′ cassava under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Rayong 9 was planted under two water regimes in a randomized complete block design with four replications in May and November for two years. At final harvest, years were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) for biomass, shoot dry weight, and harvest index and contributed to large portions of total variations in shoot dry weight (56.8%) and HI (44.5%). Planting date was a significant source of variations in all measured characters, and it contributed to the largest portions of variations in biomass, storage root dry weight and storage root fresh weight (46.1–60.9%). Water regimes were not significantly different for most characters except for harvest index (p ≤ 0.01). The canopy of the crop planted in May grew rapidly in early growth stages in the rainy season and then slowly after the rainy season. The canopy of the crop planted in November grew rapidly in the middle to the late growth stages. Irrigation did not significantly increase root yield although it slightly increased canopy development, leaf area index (LAI), light penetration and photosynthesis. Irrigation at the late growth stages of the crop planted in May significantly increased storage root yield. Irrigation at these growth stages helped maintain canopy development, LAI and light penetration.

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Seasonal Variation in Canopy Size, Light Penetration and Photosynthesis of Three Cassava Genotypes with Different Canopy Architectures

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1554 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Supattra Mahakosee ◽

Sanun Jogloy ◽

Nimitr Vorasoot ◽

Piyada Theerakulpisut ◽

C. Corley Holbrook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climatic Factors ◽

Starch Content ◽

Day Length ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Light Penetration ◽

Storage Root ◽

Leaf Photosynthesis ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Area Index ◽

Canopy Size

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of canopy size (CS) on light penetration and leaf photosynthesis of three cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50 (KU50), Rayong 11 and CMR38-125-77) under two planting dates in two years. Data were recorded for CS, leaf area index (LAI), leaf photosynthesis, biomass (BM), storage root yield (SRY), starch content (SC) and harvest index (HI). The variation of CS depended on temperature, solar radiation (SR), relative humidity (RH) and day length (DL). In early growth stages, the crops planted in May had higher CS than the crops planted in November, because they were subjected to higher temperature, more SR, higher RH and longer DL. In contrast, the storage root accumulation of the crops planted in November was under better climatic factors than the crops planted in May. Therefore, the crops planted in November had higher BM and SRY than the crops planted in May for KU50 and CMR38-125-77. However, Rayong 11 in the May planting date maintained higher CS during storage root accumulation than the other genotypes, and BM and SRY of Rayong 11 were not different for the two planting dates in both years. KU50 and CMR38-125-77 had higher BM and SRY in the November planting, whereas in the May planting, the SRY and BM of the three genotypes were not significantly different. Genotypes that maintained high CS at the storage root accumulation stage could be indirectly selected for high BM and SRY in cassava breeding programs.

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Selection of Early Bulking Performance Among Pro Vitamin A Cassava Genotypes Based on Selective Indices of Fresh Storage Root Yield and Harvest Index

International Journal of Genetics and Genomics ◽

10.11648/j.ijgg.20200801.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Olusegun David Badewa ◽

Andrew Gana Saba ◽

Eli Kolo Tsado ◽

Kehinde Dele Tolorunse

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Storage Root ◽

Root Yield ◽

Early Bulking ◽

Selection Of

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Drought Tolerance Responses of Purple Lovegrass and ‘Adagio’ Maiden Grass

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.7.1695 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 1695-1699 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Erin Alvarez ◽

S.M. Scheiber ◽

Richard C. Beeson ◽

David R. Sandrock

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Miscanthus Sinensis ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Species Being ◽

Canopy Size

Nonnative Miscanthus sinensis Anderss ‘Adagio’ and native Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. were evaluated for drought tolerance in a rain-excluded landscape setting in sandy soil in response to irrigation application volumes of 0 L, 0.25 L, 0.5 L, or 0.75 L. As irrigation rates increased, plant mass, canopy size, and shoot-to-root ratios increased for both species, being greatest at the 0.75-L rate. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total biomass, and shoot-to-root ratios were greater for E. spectabilis than M. sinensis. Cumulative water stress integral was also greater for E. spectabilis. Greater growth in conjunction with higher cumulative water stress indicates the native E. spectabilis is anisohydric and more drought-tolerant than the isohydric nonnative M. sinensis.

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Pre-transplant Root Ball Condition Influences Growth of Plumbago During Establishment

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.17.4.486 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 486-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sudeep Vyapari ◽

S.M. Scheiber ◽

E.L. Thralls

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Biomass Growth ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Canopy Size

Three root ball conditions—nonroot-bound (NRB), root-bound (RB), and root-bound sliced (RBS)—were evaluated for their effect on plant growth of plumbago (Plumbago auriculata) during establishment and postestablishment in the landscape. At transplant, NRB plants were smaller than other treatments. Canopy size, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and total biomass growth rates were faster for NRB plants compared with RB or RBS. By 6 and 8 weeks after transplanting, respectively, biomass and canopy size were similar among treatments. Rootbound and RBS plants were similar indicating root ball slicing does not affect growth in the landscape.

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How to account for the uncertainty from standard toxicity tests in species sensitivity distributions: an example in non-target plants

10.1101/2020.07.02.183863 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sandrine Charles ◽

Dan Wu ◽

Virginie Ducrot

Keyword(s):

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Species Sensitivity ◽

Posterior Probability Distribution ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Point Estimates

AbstractThis research aims to account for the uncertainty on 50% effective rates (ER50) in species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analyses and to study how including this uncertainty may influence the 5% Hazard Rate (HR5) estimation. We explored various endpoints (survival, emergence, shoot dry weight) for non-target plants from seven standard greenhouse studies that used different experimental approaches (vegetative vigour vs. seedling emergence) and applied seven herbicides at different growth stages. Firstly for each endpoint of each study, a three-parameter log-logistic model was fitted to experimental toxicity test data for each species under a Bayesian framework to get a posterior probability distribution for ER50. Then in order to account for the uncertainty on the ER50, we explored two censoring criteria to censor ER50 taking the ER50 distribution and the range of tested rates into account. Based on dose-response fitting results and censoring criteria, we considered input ER50 values SSD analyses in three ways (only point estimates chosen as ER50 medians, interval-censored ER50 based on their 95% credible interval and censored ER50 according to one of the two criteria), by fitting a log-normal distribution under a frequentist framework to get the three corresponding HR5 estimates. We observed that SSD fitted reasonably well when there were at least six distinct ER50 values. By comparing the three SSD curves and the three HR5 estimates, we found that propagating the uncertainty from ER50 and including censored data into the SSD analysis often leads to smaller point estimates of HR5, which is more conservative in a risk assessment context. In addition, we recommend not to focus solely on the point estimate of the HR5, but also to look at the precision of this estimate as depicted by the 95% confidence interval.

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Impact of row spacing and seed rate on the production characteristics of the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and their valorisation

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48312057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1495-1503

Author(s):

Marijana JOVANOVIĆ TODOROVIĆ ◽

Vera POPOVIĆ ◽

Savo VUČKOVIĆ ◽

Snežana JANKOVIĆ ◽

Andreja MIHAILOVIĆ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Lolium Perenne L ◽

Seed Rate ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Four Levels ◽

Production Characteristics

In this paper are shown the results of the production characteristics of the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cv. ‘Naki’, which grown in rows with different row spacing and seed rate in the agroecological conditions of central Serbia in three successive analysed years. Four levels of two observed factors were used in the experiment: row spacing (12.5; 25; 37.5 and 50 cm) and seed rate (9, 16, 23 and 30 kg ha-1). Due to the analyses, the height of the tiller, the length of the spike and the number of spikelets per spike gave better results by sowing in wider rows (37.5 and 50 cm) using lower seed rate (9 and 16 kg ha-1). Seed yield and harvest index responded favourably to sowing in rows at a wider row spacing (37.5 and 50 cm) in combination with a lower seed rate (9 and 16 kg ha-1), while shoot dry weight gave better results by sowing in narrower rows (12.5 cm) with lower seed rate (9 and 16 kg ha-1). Using the appropriate row spacing in sowing and the optimum of seed rate provides the highest results of the production characteristics of the perennial ryegrass that can be applied to further production.

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Growth components and zinc recovery efficiency of upland rice genotypes

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2005001200008 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 1211-1215 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Nand Kumar Fageria ◽

Virupax Chanabasappa Baligar

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Recovery Efficiency ◽

Zinc Recovery ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Panicle Number ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Soil Zn

The objective of this work was to evaluate Zn use efficiency by upland rice genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with ten upland rice genotypes grown on an Oxisol (Typic Hapludox) with no application, and with application of 10 mg kg-1 Zn, applied as zinc sulfate. Shoot dry weight, grain yield, Zn harvest index, Zn concentration in shoot and in grain were significantly influenced by soil Zn levels and genotypes. However, panicle number and grain harvest index were significantly affected only by genotype. Genotypes CNA8557, CNA8540 and IR42 produced higher grain yield than other genotypes. Genotypes showed significant variability in Zn recovery efficiency. On average, 13% of the applied Zn was recovered by upland rice genotypes. Genotypes with high Zn recovery efficiency could be used in breeding of Zn efficient upland rice cultivars. Higher level of soil Zn (10 mg kg-1) increased significantly the concentrations of plant Cu and Mn. However, Fe concentrations in plant (shoot and grain) were not influenced by soil Zn levels.

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Limited Nitrogen and Plant Growth Stages Discriminate Well Nitrogen Use, Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Popcorn

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9070893 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 893

Author(s):

Shahid Khan ◽

Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽

Fernando Rafael Alves Ferreira ◽

Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽

Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

N Content ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Plant Growth Stages ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

N Use

The extensive use of nitrogen (N) in agriculture has caused negative impacts on the environment and costs. In this context, two pot experiments were performed under different N levels and harvested at different vegetative stages to assess two popcorn inbred lines (P2 and L80) and their hybrid (F1 = P2 × L80) for the N use, uptake and utilization efficiency (with the inclusion and exclusion of root N content); to find the contrasting N levels and vegetative stages that effect nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and to understand the relationship between the traits related to NUE. The hybrid and P2 were confirmed better than L80 for all the studied traits. NUE is mainly affected by the shoot dry weight, uptake and utilization efficiency. Extremely low and high N levels were found to be more discriminating for N use and dry weight, respectively. At the V6 (six fully expanded leaf) stage, root N content (RNC) should be considered; in contrast, at the VT (tasseling stage) stage, RNC should not be considered for the uptake and utilization efficiency. The genetic parameter performance for N use, uptake, shoot dry weight and N content could favor the achievement of the genetic gain in advanced segregating generations.

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Germination and growth of Secale montanum Guss. in the presence of sodium chloride

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9850385 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 385 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

CL Noble

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Tissue Water ◽

Plant Variation ◽

Yield Decline ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Secale Montanum

The salt tolerance of Secale montanum varied at different growth stages. Tolerance during germination was high, with NaCl of more than 340 mol m-3 necessary to reduce germination by 50%. Seedling emergence was more sensitive to NaCl with a 50% reduction occurring at approximately 300 mol m-3. Up to 200 mol m-3aC1, all emerged seedlings reached the first leaf stage, although shoot dry weight of emerged seedlings at 200 mol m-3 NaCl was reduced to 64% of that of seedlings under non-saline conditions. During later plant growth, shoot growth (dry weight) had a salt tolerance threshold of 20 mol m-3 NaCl (electrical conductivity, ECw, of 2.7 mS cm-1). Subsequent yield decline up to approximately 100 mol m-3 NaCl (ECw, = 10.8 mS cm-1) was 6.7% of non-saline yield per mS cm-1 increase in ECw. At higher NaCl concentrations a more reciprocal form of yield decline occurred. Considerable plantto- plant variation for shoot dry weight existed in the presence of NaCl, indicating scope for selection to increase the tolerance of S. montanum. Osmotic adjustment was aided by a reduction in tissue water content under increasing NaCl and by the accumulation of sodium and chloride. Sodium was mainly accumulated in the roots, although the roots increased their selectivity for potassium over sodium. Chloride was mainly accumulated in the shoots. S. montanum could be classed as moderately salt tolerant, a tolerance similar to such pasture grasses as Lolium perenne, Phalaris aquatica and Festuca arundinacea.

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