scholarly journals Soil Nitrification Potential Influences the Performance of Nitrification Inhibitors DCD and DMPP in Cropped and Non-Cropped Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Hussnain Mukhtar ◽  
Yu-Pin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nitrification Potential ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Great Consideration

The application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) shows promise in prolonging the ammonium presence in soil with beneficial effects for agriculture ecosystems and climate change mitigation. Although the inhibitory effect (IE) of NIs has been studied in the presence of various environmental and edaphic conditions, little is known about the effect of soil nitrification potential (NP) on the effectiveness of NIs. Here, laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the variation in soil NP rates, among land-use type and temperature, on the performance of two nitrification inhibitors, dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4-dimethypyrazole phosphate (DMPP), at four NI application rates imposed upon eight cropland and non-cropland soils. We found that the IE of DCD and DMPP were organized according to soil NP rates. Nevertheless, NP was lower in non-cropped soil than in cropped systems, and DMPP-based inhibition was higher than DCD. The IE of both NIs decreased with NP and the amount of NI required to achieve an IE ≈ 50%, was significantly reduced for soils that exhibited the lowest NP rates, especially for DMPP. However, the temperature did not appear to have a major influence on IE of both DCD and DMPP, demonstrating the potential of NIs to inhibit nitrification for a wider temperature range, dependent on the NI application rate. Our findings provide evidence that change in soil NP rate has important influences on the efficacy of NI which required great consideration for N-fertilizer optimization with the application of nitrification inhibitors.

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of Four Nitrification Inhibitors for Mitigating Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Three Different Textured Soils

Nitrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Yafei Guo ◽  
Asif Naeem ◽  
Karl H. Mühling
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Soil Nitrification

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can be used to reduce both NO3−-N leaching and N2O-N emissions. However, the comparative efficacies of NIs can be strongly affected by soil type. Therefore, the efficacies of four nitrification inhibitors (dicyandiamide (DCD), 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), nitrogenous mineral fertilizers containing the DMPP ammonium stabilizer (ENTEC) and active ingredients: 3.00–3.25% 1, 2, 4-triazole and 1.50–1.65% 3-methylpyrazole (PIADIN)) were investigated in three different textured N-fertilized (0.5 g NH4+-N kg−1 soil) soils of Schleswig-Holstein, namely, Marsch (clayey), Östliches Hügelland (loamy) and Geest (sandy) under a controlled environment. Total CO2-C and N2O-N emissions were significantly higher from Marsch than Östliches Hügelland and Geest. In Marsch, DMPP showed the highest inhibitory effect on CO2-C emission (50%), followed by PIADIN (32%) and ENTEC (16%). In Östliches Hügelland, DCD and PIADIN showed the highest and equal inhibitory effect on CO2-C emission (73%), followed by DMPP (64%) and ENTEC (36%). In Marsch and Östliches Hügelland, DCD showed the stronger inhibitory effect on N2O-N emission (86% and 47%) than DMPP (56% and 30%) and PIADIN (54% and 16%). In Geest, DMPP was more effective in reducing N2O-N emission (88%) than PIADIN (70%) and DCD (33%). Thus, it can be concluded that DCD is a better NI for clay and loamy soils, while DMPP and PIADIN are better for sandy soils to inhibit soil nitrification and gaseous emissions.

4-Amino-1,2,4-triazole can be more effective than commercial nitrification inhibitors at high soil temperatures

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Rehmat Ali ◽  
Asma Lodhi ◽  
Muhammad Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Nitrification Inhibition ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
New Compounds

Commercial nitrification inhibitors (NIs), namely nitrapyrin, 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) and dicyandiamide (DCD), are ineffective at high temperatures. Therefore, it is imperative to explore new compounds that can be commercialised as effective NIs for warm climatic conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare the potential of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATC) with the two commercial NIs DMPP and DCD to delay nitrification of (NH4)2SO4 in an alkaline calcareous soil incubated under aerobic conditions at warm temperatures (35 and 25°C). Inhibitors were incorporated in (NH4)2SO4 granules and nitrification inhibition was calculated on the basis of net NH4+-N disappearance and net NO3–-N accumulation. At 35°C, the inhibitory effect of DCD and DMPP persisted only for 1 week, whereas ATC was effective up to 4 weeks. At 25°C, the inhibitory effect of ATC, DMPP and DCD was comparable. In another set of experiments, different concentrations of ATC (0.25–6% of N) were tested at three different temperatures (35, 25 and 18°C). At 35°C, ATC applied at 2% of N caused 63% inhibition for 2 weeks, whereas at a rate of 4–6% of N the inhibitory effect of ATC persisted up to 4 weeks (63–84% inhibition). At 25°C, ATC application at a rate of 1% of N caused 64% inhibition for 2 weeks; increasing the application rate to 2–6% of N prolonged the inhibitory effect up to 4 weeks (55–94% inhibition). At 18°C, a much lower concentration of ATC (0.25–0.5% of N) was required to achieve ≥50% inhibition for 2–4 weeks, whereas increasing the application rate to 2% of N caused 93% inhibition for 4 weeks. The results of the present study suggest that although commercially available NIs are ineffective at high summer temperatures, ATC may have the potential to be commercialised as an effective NI for warm as well as moderate climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Measuring Responses of Dicyandiamide-, 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate-, and Allylthiourea-Induced Nitrification Inhibition to Soil Abiotic and Biotic Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7130
Author(s):  
Yu-Pin Lin ◽  
Andrianto Ansari ◽  
Lien-Chieh Cheng ◽  
Chiao-Ming Lin ◽  
Rainer-Ferdinand Wunderlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Study Laboratory

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) such as dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and allylthiourea (AT) are commonly used to suppress ammonia oxidization at different time scales varying from a few hours to several months. Although the responses of NIs to edaphic and temperature conditions have been studied, the influence of the aforementioned factors on their inhibitory effect remains unknown. In this study, laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to assess the short-term (24 h) influence of eight abiotic and biotic factors on the inhibitory effects of DCD, DMPP, and AT across six cropped and non-cropped soils at two temperature conditions with three covariates of soil texture. Simultaneously, the dominant contributions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) to potential ammonia oxidization (PAO) were distinguished using the specific inhibitor 2 phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO). Our results revealed that AT demonstrated a considerably greater inhibitory effect (up to 94.9% for an application rate of 75 mg of NI/kg of dry soil) than DCD and DMPP. The inhibitory effect of AT was considerably affected by the relative proportions of silt, sand, and clay in the soil and total PAO. In contrast to previous studies, the inhibitory effects of all three NIs remained largely unaffected by the landcover type and temperature conditions for the incubation period of 24 h. Furthermore, the efficacy of all three tested NIs was not affected by the differential contributions of AOA and AOB to PAO. Collectively, our results suggested a limited influence of temperature on the inhibitory effects of all three NIs but a moderate dependence of AT on the soil texture and PAO. Our findings can enhance the estimation of the inhibitory effect in soil, and pure cultures targeting the AOA and AOB supported ammonia oxidization and, hence, nitrogen dynamics under NI applications.

Phenolic Acids Exert Anticholinesterase and Cognition-Improving Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Szwajgier ◽  
Ewa Baranowska-Wojcik ◽  
Kamila Borowiec
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aβ Fibrils

Numerous authors have provided evidence regarding the beneficial effects of phenolic acids and their derivatives against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, the role of phenolic acids as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is discussed, including the structure-activity relationship. In addition, the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on the formation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils is presented. We also cover the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of the cognitive enhancement.

scholarly journals Effect of different soil and weather conditions on efficacy, selectivity and dissipation of herbicides in sunflower

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 468-476
Author(s):  
Miroslav Jursík ◽  
Martin Kočárek ◽  
Michaela Kolářová ◽  
Lukáš Tichý
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
High Precipitation

Six sunflower herbicides were tested at two application rates (1N and 2N) on three locations (with different soil types) within three years (2015–2017). Efficacy of the tested herbicides on Chenopodium album increased with an increasing cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. Efficacy of pendimethalin was 95%, flurochloridone and aclonifen 94%, dimethenamid-P 72%, pethoxamid 49% and S-metolachlor 47%. All tested herbicides injured sunflower on sandy soil (Regosol) which had the lowest CEC, especially in wet conditions (phytotoxicity 27% after 1N application rate). The highest phytotoxicity was recorded after the application of dimethenamid-P (19% at 1N and 45% at 2N application rate). Main symptoms of phytotoxicity were leaf deformations and necroses and the damage of growing tips, which led to destruction of some plants. Aclonifen, pethoxamid and S-metolachlor at 1N did not injure sunflower on the soil with the highest CEC (Chernozem) in any of the experimental years. Persistence of tested herbicides was significantly longer in Fluvisol (medium CEC) compared to Regosol and Chernozem. Dimethenamid-P showed the shortest persistence in Regosol and Chernozem. The majority of herbicides was detected in the soil layer 0–5 cm in all tested soils. Vertical transport of herbicides in soil was affected by the herbicide used, soil type and weather conditions. The highest vertical transport was recorded for dimethenamid-P and pethoxamid (4, resp. 6% of applied rate) in Regosol in the growing season with high precipitation.  

scholarly journals Reproduction and biomarker responses of Eisenia fetida after exposure to imidacloprid in biochar-amended soil

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngitheni Winnie-Kate Nyoka ◽  
Ozekeke Ogbeide ◽  
Patricks Voua Otomo
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Amended Soil

AbstractTerrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are increasingly threatened by pesticide pollution resulting from extensive use of pesticides, and due to the lack of regulatory measures in the developing world, there is a need for affordable means to lessen environmental effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of biochar amendment on the toxicity of imidacloprid to life-cycle parameters and biomarker responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. E. fetida was exposed to 10% biochar-amended and non-amended OECD artificial soils spiked with 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3 mg imidacloprid/kg for 28 days. An LC50 of 2.7 mg/kg was only computed in the non-amended soil but not in the biochar-amended soil due to insignificant mortality. The EC50 calculated in the non-amended soil (0.92 mg/kg) for reproduction (fertility) was lower than the one computed in the biochar amended (0.98 mg/kg), indicating a decrease in toxicity in the biochar-amended substrate. Significant weight loss was observed at the two highest imidacloprid treatments in the non-amended soil and only at the highest treatment in the biochar-amended substrate, further highlighting the beneficial effects of biochar. Catalase activity decreased significantly at the two highest concentrations of non-amended soil. Yet, in the amended soil, the activity remained high, especially in the highest concentration, where it was significantly higher than the controls. This indicated more severe oxidative stress in the absence of biochar. In all non-amended treatments, there was a significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition, while lower inhibition percentages were observed in the biochar-amended soil. In most endpoints, the addition of biochar alleviated the toxic effects of imidacloprid, which shows that biochar has the potential to be useful in soil remediation. However, there is still a need for field studies to identify the most effective application rate of biochar for land application.

scholarly journals Effects of two wood-based biochars on the fate of added fertilizer nitrogen—a 15N tracing study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Kalu ◽  
Gboyega Nathaniel Oyekoya ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
Priit Tammeorg ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates

AbstractA 15N tracing pot experiment was conducted using two types of wood-based biochars: a regular biochar and a Kon-Tiki-produced nutrient-enriched biochar, at two application rates (1% and 5% (w/w)), in addition to a fertilizer only and a control treatment. Ryegrass was sown in pots, all of which except controls received 15N-labelled fertilizer as either 15NH4NO3 or NH415NO3. We quantified the effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, as well as the fate of fertilizer-derived ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in terms of their leaching from the soil, uptake into plant biomass, and recovery in the soil. We found that application of biochars reduced soil mineral N leaching and N2O emissions. Similarly, the higher biochar application rate of 5% significantly increased aboveground ryegrass biomass yield. However, no differences in N2O emissions and ryegrass biomass yields were observed between regular and nutrient-enriched biochar treatments, although mineral N leaching tended to be lower in the nutrient-enriched biochar treatment than in the regular biochar treatment. The 15N analysis revealed that biochar application increased the plant uptake of added nitrate, but reduced the plant uptake of added ammonium compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Thus, the uptake of total N derived from added NH4NO3 fertilizer was not affected by the biochar addition, and cannot explain the increase in plant biomass in biochar treatments. Instead, the increased plant biomass at the higher biochar application rate was attributed to the enhanced uptake of N derived from soil. This suggests that the interactions between biochar and native soil organic N may be important determinants of the availability of soil N to plant growth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Regional-Scale Optimal K Rate Based on Sustainable Apple Yield and High-Efficiency K Use in Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay of China: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1368
Author(s):  
Wenzheng Tang ◽  
Wene Wang ◽  
Dianyu Chen ◽  
Ningbo Cui ◽  
Haosheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Relationship Model

In order to meet the growing food demand of the global population and maintain sustainable soil fertility, there is an urgent need to optimize fertilizer application amount in agricultural production practices. Most of the existing studies on the optimal K rates for apple orchards were based on case studies and lack information on optimizing K-fertilizer management on a regional scale. Here, we used the method of combining meta-analysis with the K application rate-yield relationship model to quantify and summarize the optimal K rates of the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions in China. We built a dataset based on 159 observations obtained from 18 peer-reviewed literature studies distributed in 15 different research sites and evaluated the regional-scale optimal K rates for apple production. The results showed that the linear plus platform model was more suitable for estimating the regional-scale optimal K rates, which were 208.33 and 176.61 kg K ha−1 for the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions of China, respectively. Compared with high K application rates, the optimal K rates increased K use efficiency by 45.88–68.57%, with almost no yield losses. The optimal K rates also enhanced the yield by 6.30% compared with the low K application rates.

scholarly journals Yield, germination and herbicide residue in seeds of preharvest desiccated wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lais Tessari Perboni ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
Leandro Vargas ◽  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Renan Ricardo Zandoná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Herbicide Residue ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract: The goals of this study were to evaluate herbicide application rates at different timings for preharvest desiccation of wheat (Trial 1), as well as to evaluate the effect of the timing of herbicide desiccation at preharvest and harvest timing (Trial 2) on yield, germination, and herbicide residue in wheat seed. In Trial 1, treatments consisted of two application rates of glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat, or paraquat+diuron and a control without application; application time periods were in the milk grain to early dough stage, soft dough to hard dough stage, and hard dough stage. In Trial 2, treatments consisted of different application time periods (milk grain to early dough stage, and soft dough to hard dough stage), different herbicides (glufosinate, 2,4-D+glyphosate, and untreated control), and different harvest times (5, 10 and 15 days after herbicide application). One thousand seeds weight, yield, first and final germination count, and herbicide residue on seeds were evaluated. Preharvest desiccation with paraquat, glufosinate, and 2,4-D+glyphosate at the milk grain to early dough stage reduces wheat yield. Regardless of the herbicide and application rate, application in the milk grain to early dough stage and soft dough to hard dough stage provides greater germination of wheat seeds, except at the lower dose of paraquat. Systemic herbicides accumulate more in wheat seeds.

scholarly journals Exploring Suitable Biochar Application Rates with Compost to Improve Upland Field Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Se-Won Kang ◽  
Jin-Ju Yun ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Park ◽  
Ju-Sik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Upland Field

A field experiment was carried out to investigate crop productivity, emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and soil quality of an upland field treated with compost and varying rates of biochar (BC) derived from soybean stalks during crop growing periods in a corn and Chinese cabbage rotation system. Compost was supplemented with BC derived from soybean stalks at varying rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1 (BC5, BC10, BC15, and BC20, respectively); the control (BC0) area was untreated. Our results reveal that crop productivity and emissions of CO2 and N2O varied significantly with the biochar application rate. Moreover, irrespective of the biochar application rate, crop productivity was improved after BC application as compared to the control treatment area, by 11.2–29.3% (average 17.0 ± 8.3%) for corn cultivation and 10.3–39.7% (average 27.8 ± 12.7%) for Chinese cabbage cultivation. Peak emissions of CO2 and N2O were mainly observed in the early period of crop cultivation, whereas low CO2 and N2O emissions were determined during the fallow period. Compared to the control area, significant differences were obtained for CO2 emissions produced by the different biochar application rates for both crops. During the two cropping periods, the overall N2O emission was significantly decreased with BC5, BC10, BC15, and BC20 applications as compared to the control, ranging from 11.1 to 13.6%, 8.7 to 15.4%, 23.1 to 26.0%, and 15.0 to 19.6%, respectively (average 16.9% decrease in the corn crop period and 16.3% in the Chinese cabbage crop period). Soil quality results after the final crop harvest show that bulk density, soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly improved by biochar application, as compared to the control. Taken together, our results indicate that compost application supplemented with biochar is potentially an appropriate strategy for achieving high crop productivity and improving soil quality in upland field conditions. In conclusion, appropriate application of biochar with compost has the concomitant advantages of enriching soil quality for long-term sustainable agriculture and reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers.

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