scholarly journals Continuous Flooding or Alternate Wetting and Drying Differently Affect the Accumulation of Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Minerals in Rice Brown Grain

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Orasen ◽  
Patrizia De Nisi ◽  
Giorgio Lucchini ◽  
Alessandro Abruzzese ◽  
Michele Pesenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Climate changes impose adoption of water-saving techniques to improve the sustainability of irrigated rice systems. This study was aimed, by a two-years side-by-side comparison, at verifying the hypothesis whether “Alternate Wetting and Drying” (AWD) affects the concentrations of health-related compounds and minerals in brown grains of three japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cvs (‘Baldo’, ‘Gladio’, and ‘Loto’) usually grown in temperate areas in continuous flooding (CF). Due to the rotational turns in water distribution imposed by local authorities and to the weather behavior, different AWD timing and severity occurred in the two years of the study. AWD induced in both seasons yield losses in ‘Baldo’ and ‘Gladio’ but not in ‘Loto’. In the brown grains of ‘Loto’, AWD increased the concentrations of total tocols, γ-oryzanol, flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity. AWD affected the concentrations of minerals, particularly increasing copper, cadmium and nickel, and decreasing manganese, arsenic and zinc. In the sensitive cultivars, ‘Baldo’ and ‘Gladio’, AWD seems to affect plant yield, rather than for severity of the dry period, for prolonged absence of ponded water that exposes plants to cooler temperatures. The selection of suitable cultivars, like ‘Loto’, tolerant to AWD-related stresses, could combine environmental, yield-related, and nutritional benefits improving the product quality.

Influence of temperature and moisture on growth and sporulation of Botrytis squamosa

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2793-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Alderman ◽  
M. L. Lacy
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Botrytis Squamosa ◽  
Leaf Segments

Growth of Botrytis squamosa in artificial media or autoclavcd onion leaves was favored at temperatures of 15 or 20 °C but was much less at 30 °C or above. Hyphae did not grow in artificial media or autoclaved onion leaf segments below −95 to −100 bars (1 bar = 100 kPa) water potential within 4 days at 20, 25, or 30 °C. Growth was stimulated when water potential was adjusted to −5 to −20 bars compared with higher or lower values. Mycelia of B. squamosa survived air drying in autoclaved leaf segments for 12 days at 20 °C. When colonized dried leaf segments were placed on water agar, sporulation began after 2 days and continued through 6 days. Sporulation from colonized dried leaf segments was abundant at 15 or 20 °C, less at 25 °C, and absent at 35 °C. When subjected to alternate wetting and drying periods, sporulation on colonized dried leaf segments decreased with increasing length of the dry period.

GRAIN YIELD PERFORMANCE OF UPLAND AND LOWLAND RICE VARIETIES UNDER WATER SAVING IRRIGATION THROUGH ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING IN SANDY CLAY LOAMS OF SOUTHERN MALAWI

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. SHAIBU ◽  
H. R. MLOZA BANDA ◽  
C. N. MAKWIZA ◽  
J. CHIDANTI MALUNGA
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Significant Yield

SUMMARYA study was conducted to evaluate performance of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under water saving irrigation through alternate wetting and drying in sandy clay loams of Southern Malawi. The varieties, Nunkile and NERICA 4, are adapted to upland and lowland irrigated conditions, individually, and commonly grown by farmers. Four irrigation regimes were used in the study: (1) continuous flooding with surface water level kept at approximately 5 cm throughout crop duration (CFI), (2) alternate wetting and drying up to start of flowering after which continuous flooding was applied (AWD1), (3) alternate wetting and drying up to start of grain filling after which continuous flooding was applied (AWD2) and (4) alternate wetting and drying throughout the crop duration (AWD3). While seasonal crop water requirement was 690 mm, total irrigation depths were 1923.61, 1307.81, 1160.61 and 807.87 mm for the four regimes respectively. The CFI treatment used 32%, 40% and 58% more water than AWD1, AWD2, and AWD3 regimes respectively. In the same treatment order, the average yields per treatment for Nunkile were 4.92, 4.75, 4.74, and 4.47 t ha−1 with significant yield differences among CFI, AWD2 and AWD3 treatments. The average yields per treatment for NERICA 4 were 3.93, 3.75, 3.75, and 3.71 t ha−1 with significant yield differences only between CFI and all AWD treatments. Crop water productivity (CWP) was higher for Nunkile compared with NERICA 4 across all irrigation treatments, while CWP for CFI treatment was superior to all three AWD treatments grown under either variety. Thus, CWP was not increased with AWD irrigations. AWD till flowering and grain filling did not significantly differ with respect to yield and CWP. It is suggested that for similar conditions and where water is scarce, rice can be grown by AWD till grain filling as it saved more water. An important part of the research is to extend the initial results beyond the climate and soils of study.

scholarly journals Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation in Direct Seeded Rice: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Porpavai ◽  
D. Yogeswari
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Conservation Technology ◽  
Direct Seeded

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is on important cereal food for more than half of the global population. Rice is a major user of fresh water accounting for approximately 50 percent of the total diverted fresh water in Asia. Due to water scarcity and huge hike in labour wage rates, direct seeded rice offers an attractive alternative for future rice production. Thus there is a need to explore alternate techniques that can sustain rice production and are resource conservative. Direct sowing of rice refers to the process of establishing a rice crop from seeds sown in the field rather than transplanting seedlings from the nursery. Direct seeded rice provides an opportunity for earlier crop establishment to make better use of early season rainfall and to increase cropping area. Effect of AWD on direct seeded rice is presented in this review paper. Direct seeded rice is a resource conservation technology as it uses less water with high efficiency, incurs low labour expenses and is conducive to mechanization. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation increased water use efficiency and water productivity of rice.

scholarly journals Effect of alternate wetting and drying versus continuous flooding on carbon rates in rice and soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Combined Use

An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during 2010-2011 to find out the effect of different water and organic residue rates on rice and soil. Organic carbon rates from cow dung (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 t C ha-1 including control) were evaluated under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF). CF system in combination with chemical fertilizers and 2.0 t C ha-1 produced the maximum plant height, filled grains tiller-1, 1000 grains weight, grain and straw yields. Combined use of 2.0 t C ha-1 cow dung and CF system decreased CO2-C gas emission, increased carbon accumulation in above ground biomass of rice as well as carbon sequestration in soil. This treatment also helped to optimize soil pH. Based on these results, it may be concluded that continuous flooding system in combination 2.0 t C ha-1 increased grain yield, carbon accumulation in above ground biomass, carbon sequestration in soil and optimized soil pH.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (1): 26-33, June, 2016

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilizer and Manure on the Growth, Yield and Grain Nutrient Concentration of Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Different Water Management Practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM AL Fakhrul Islam ◽  
Md Asaduzzaman Khan ◽  
ASM Fazle Bari ◽  
MT Hosain ◽  
M Sabikunnaher
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding

The experiment was conducted in the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University research farm, Dhaka, Bangladesh during December 2010 to April 2011 to study the effect of fertilizer and manure with different water management on the growth, yield and nutrient concentration of BRRI dhan28. The experiment consisted of 2 factors i.e. irrigation and fertilizer plus manure. There were 2 irrigation levels (I0= Alternate wetting and drying, I1= Continuous flooding) and 8 fertilizer treatment (T0: control, T1: 100% RDCF, (N100P15K45S20Zn2), T2: 10 ton cowdung/ha, T3: 50% RDCF + 5 ton cowdung/ha, T4: 8 ton poultry manure/ha, T5: 50% RDCF + 4 ton poultry manure/ha, T6: 10 ton vermicompost/ha, T7: 50% RDCF + 5 ton vermicompost/ha). There were 16 treatment combinations and 3 replications. Irrigation had no significant effect on the yield and yield parameters of BRRI dhan 28. The yield contributing characters and yields were significantly influenced by applied fertilizer and manure. The T5 (50% RDCF + 4 ton poultry manure/ha) showed the highest effective tillers/hill, plant height, panicle length, 1000 grain wt., grain yield (5.92 kg/plot) and straw yield (5.91 kg/plot). The higher grain and straw yields were obtained organic manure plus inorganic fertilizers than full dose of chemical fertilizer and manure. The highest grain (5.93 kg/plot) and straw yields (6.42 kg/plot) were recorded from I0T5 (Alternate wetting and drying + 50% RDCF plus 4 ton poultry manure/ha) and the lowest was found in I1T0 (Continuous flooding + control treatment) treatment combination. The highest concentrations of grain and straw N, P, K, S were recorded in T5 treatment. The levels of organic matter and nutrient concentration were increased in the post harvest soils due to added manure plus inorganic fertilizer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17486 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 44-51

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