scholarly journals Effect of alternate wetting and drying versus continuous flooding on carbon rates in rice and soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Combined Use

An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during 2010-2011 to find out the effect of different water and organic residue rates on rice and soil. Organic carbon rates from cow dung (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 t C ha-1 including control) were evaluated under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF). CF system in combination with chemical fertilizers and 2.0 t C ha-1 produced the maximum plant height, filled grains tiller-1, 1000 grains weight, grain and straw yields. Combined use of 2.0 t C ha-1 cow dung and CF system decreased CO2-C gas emission, increased carbon accumulation in above ground biomass of rice as well as carbon sequestration in soil. This treatment also helped to optimize soil pH. Based on these results, it may be concluded that continuous flooding system in combination 2.0 t C ha-1 increased grain yield, carbon accumulation in above ground biomass, carbon sequestration in soil and optimized soil pH.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (1): 26-33, June, 2016

scholarly journals Continuous Flooding or Alternate Wetting and Drying Differently Affect the Accumulation of Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Minerals in Rice Brown Grain

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Orasen ◽  
Patrizia De Nisi ◽  
Giorgio Lucchini ◽  
Alessandro Abruzzese ◽  
Michele Pesenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Climate changes impose adoption of water-saving techniques to improve the sustainability of irrigated rice systems. This study was aimed, by a two-years side-by-side comparison, at verifying the hypothesis whether “Alternate Wetting and Drying” (AWD) affects the concentrations of health-related compounds and minerals in brown grains of three japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cvs (‘Baldo’, ‘Gladio’, and ‘Loto’) usually grown in temperate areas in continuous flooding (CF). Due to the rotational turns in water distribution imposed by local authorities and to the weather behavior, different AWD timing and severity occurred in the two years of the study. AWD induced in both seasons yield losses in ‘Baldo’ and ‘Gladio’ but not in ‘Loto’. In the brown grains of ‘Loto’, AWD increased the concentrations of total tocols, γ-oryzanol, flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity. AWD affected the concentrations of minerals, particularly increasing copper, cadmium and nickel, and decreasing manganese, arsenic and zinc. In the sensitive cultivars, ‘Baldo’ and ‘Gladio’, AWD seems to affect plant yield, rather than for severity of the dry period, for prolonged absence of ponded water that exposes plants to cooler temperatures. The selection of suitable cultivars, like ‘Loto’, tolerant to AWD-related stresses, could combine environmental, yield-related, and nutritional benefits improving the product quality.

Improved models for estimating temporal changes in carbon sequestration in above-ground biomass of mixed-species environmental plantings

2015 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 208-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keryn I. Paul ◽  
Stephen H. Roxburgh ◽  
Jacqueline R. England ◽  
Robert de Ligt ◽  
John S. Larmour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Ground Biomass

GRAIN YIELD PERFORMANCE OF UPLAND AND LOWLAND RICE VARIETIES UNDER WATER SAVING IRRIGATION THROUGH ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING IN SANDY CLAY LOAMS OF SOUTHERN MALAWI

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. SHAIBU ◽  
H. R. MLOZA BANDA ◽  
C. N. MAKWIZA ◽  
J. CHIDANTI MALUNGA
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Significant Yield

SUMMARYA study was conducted to evaluate performance of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under water saving irrigation through alternate wetting and drying in sandy clay loams of Southern Malawi. The varieties, Nunkile and NERICA 4, are adapted to upland and lowland irrigated conditions, individually, and commonly grown by farmers. Four irrigation regimes were used in the study: (1) continuous flooding with surface water level kept at approximately 5 cm throughout crop duration (CFI), (2) alternate wetting and drying up to start of flowering after which continuous flooding was applied (AWD1), (3) alternate wetting and drying up to start of grain filling after which continuous flooding was applied (AWD2) and (4) alternate wetting and drying throughout the crop duration (AWD3). While seasonal crop water requirement was 690 mm, total irrigation depths were 1923.61, 1307.81, 1160.61 and 807.87 mm for the four regimes respectively. The CFI treatment used 32%, 40% and 58% more water than AWD1, AWD2, and AWD3 regimes respectively. In the same treatment order, the average yields per treatment for Nunkile were 4.92, 4.75, 4.74, and 4.47 t ha−1 with significant yield differences among CFI, AWD2 and AWD3 treatments. The average yields per treatment for NERICA 4 were 3.93, 3.75, 3.75, and 3.71 t ha−1 with significant yield differences only between CFI and all AWD treatments. Crop water productivity (CWP) was higher for Nunkile compared with NERICA 4 across all irrigation treatments, while CWP for CFI treatment was superior to all three AWD treatments grown under either variety. Thus, CWP was not increased with AWD irrigations. AWD till flowering and grain filling did not significantly differ with respect to yield and CWP. It is suggested that for similar conditions and where water is scarce, rice can be grown by AWD till grain filling as it saved more water. An important part of the research is to extend the initial results beyond the climate and soils of study.

Combined use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for improving above-ground biomass estimation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narissara Nuthammachot ◽  
Askar Askar ◽  
Dimitris Stratoulias ◽  
Pramaditya Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Sentinel 2

Controls of plant diversity attributes over above ground biomass in Sal forests of Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Purabi Saikia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Indian Forests

Abstract Background Above ground biomass (AGB) is a useful measure for assessing changes in forest structure and functional, and play a significant role in studying carbon stocks, the effect of deforestation and carbon sequestration on the global carbon balance. The present study aimed to study the relationship between AGB and community parameters in Sal forests of Eastern India through stratified random sampling by lying 92 belt transects each of 0.5 ha size. Results It recorded a high AGB (410.70 Mg ha-1), and carbon stock (Cp) (193.06 Mg C ha-1), and forest wise AGB ranged from 0.19 to 24.75 Mg ha-1 (mean 4.45 ± 0.45 SE). The spatial pattern of AGB showed that maximum studied forests (65%) had very low AGB (<5.00 Mg ha-1), and only one forests (1%) located in the northwest corner of Ranchi had very high AGB (>20 Mg ha-1). Species wise AGB ranged from 0.001 to 7074.94 Mg ha-1 (mean 106 ± 71 SE) and Shorea robusta with maximum basal area (120.81 m2 ha−1) contributed maximum AGB (64.87% of the total AGB), however, no similar trends have been observed in any other tree species. A significant positive correlation was observed between AGB and Cp (r=1.00, p<0.01), H’ (r= .58, p<0.01), Dmg (r= .31, p<0.01), Dmn (r= .49, p<0.01), ENS (r= .57, p<0.01), E (r= .26, p<0.05), and basal area (r= 0.71, p<0.05). However, a negative correlation of AGB was evident with CD (r= -.57, p<0.01), and density (r= - 0.17). Conclusions The relationships differed greatly among plant diversity attributes, basal area, density, AGB, and Cp within and among various forests and the strongest relationships within each forests were always those having greater richness (Dmg, Dmn), diversity (H, ENS), basal area or evenness (E). Estimation of forest Cp enables us to assess the amount of carbon loss during deforestation or the amount of carbon stored during forest regeneration. The present study will directly help in studying the response of climate change on ecosystem productivity, energy and nutrient flow, and for assessing the patterns of carbon sequestration in Indian forests under global climate change.

scholarly journals Approaches of Satellite Remote Sensing for the Assessment of Above-Ground Biomass across Tropical Forests: Pan-tropical to National Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3351
Author(s):  
Sawaid Abbas ◽  
Man Sing Wong ◽  
Jin Wu ◽  
Naeem Shahzad ◽  
Syed Muhammad Irteza
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Ground Biomass

Tropical forests are acknowledged for providing important ecosystem services and are renowned as “the lungs of the planet Earth” due to their role in the exchange of gasses—particularly inhaling CO2 and breathing out O2—within the atmosphere. Overall, the forests provide 50% of the total plant biomass of the Earth, which accounts for 450–650 PgC globally. Understanding and accurate estimates of tropical forest biomass stocks are imperative in ascertaining the contribution of the tropical forests in global carbon dynamics. This article provides a review of remote-sensing-based approaches for the assessment of above-ground biomass (AGB) across the tropical forests (global to national scales), summarizes the current estimate of pan-tropical AGB, and discusses major advancements in remote-sensing-based approaches for AGB mapping. The review is based on the journal papers, books and internet resources during the 1980s to 2020. Over the past 10 years, a myriad of research has been carried out to develop methods of estimating AGB by integrating different remote sensing datasets at varying spatial scales. Relationships of biomass with canopy height and other structural attributes have developed a new paradigm of pan-tropical or global AGB estimation from space-borne satellite remote sensing. Uncertainties in mapping tropical forest cover and/or forest cover change are related to spatial resolution; definition adapted for ‘forest’ classification; the frequency of available images; cloud covers; time steps used to map forest cover change and post-deforestation land cover land use (LCLU)-type mapping. The integration of products derived from recent Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) satellite missions with conventional optical satellite images has strong potential to overcome most of these uncertainties for recent or future biomass estimates. However, it will remain a challenging task to map reference biomass stock in the 1980s and 1990s and consequently to accurately quantify the loss or gain in forest cover over the periods. Aside from these limitations, the estimation of biomass and carbon balance can be enhanced by taking account of post-deforestation forest recovery and LCLU type; land-use history; diversity of forest being recovered; variations in physical attributes of plants (e.g., tree height; diameter; and canopy spread); environmental constraints; abundance and mortalities of trees; and the age of secondary forests. New methods should consider peak carbon sink time while developing carbon sequestration models for intact or old-growth tropical forests as well as the carbon sequestration capacity of recovering forest with varying levels of floristic diversity.

Estimation of Biomass and CN Accumulation in Corn at Maturation Stage Based on SPOT-5

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 360-365
Author(s):  
Jie Wu ◽  
Yu Huan Li ◽  
Zeng Bing Li ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Optimal Monitoring ◽  
Spot 5

The monitoring models to estimate the above-ground biomass weight and carbon and nitrogen (CN ) accumulation of corn at maturation stage were established based on SPOT-5 images to provide reference for prediction of land production, effective nutrient balance of cultivated soil and carbon and nitrogen cycles. The appropriate spectral parameters were filtered out and the optimal monitoring equations were established between spectral parameter and above-ground biomass weight and CN accumulation by using Pearson correlation analysis and linear and nonlinear simulations. The adjust brightness vegetation index (SAVI) showed a significant positive correlation with the above-ground biomass weight and carbon accumulation and the correlation coefficients were 0.831 and 0.846.The strongest correlation with nitrogen accumulation was ratio index (R3/R1) and the correlation coefficient was 0.844.The power function model based on SAVI inversed above-ground biomass weight and carbon accumulation was the best, R2 were 0.6982 and 0.7216.The linear function model based on R3 / R1 inversed nitrogen accumulation was the best and R2 was 0.7129.Based on the optimal monitoring models, the thematic maps were produced to monitor above-ground biomass and CN accumulation in corn at maturation stage. The estimating model based on the SPOT-5 images can achieve high precision in estimating the above-ground biomass weight and CN accumulation in corn and it has a wide application prospect.

scholarly journals Post-harvest biomass stock and productivity of Calamagrostis epigejos community under beech and spruce forest stand

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
František Máliš ◽  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Miriam Maľová
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigejos

AbstractWe investigated the above- and below-ground standing biomass and production of plant communities dominated by bushgrass (Calamagrostis epigejos) colonizing forest clearings created by harvesting beechspruce forest stands. Above-ground living biomass of these communities was 6.6 t.ha-1, while above-ground litter made up 5.6 t.ha-1. Below-ground standing biomass was 6.6 t.ha-1 and production was 1.6 t.ha-1. Inter-annual fluctuations in production were rather high and did not clearly follow weather alternations. We hypothesize about some of the reasons for this. A negative correlation between litter and production of bushgrass rhizomes and root were found. The amount of bushgrass above-ground biomass did not affect species’ richness, but a higher amount of its roots inhibited occurrence of other species, especially other dominants in the forest clearings Epilobium angustifolium and Rubus idaeus. The bushgrass produced rhizomes mainly at micro-sites with higher proportions to other species. The number and average length of the bushgrass blades are related to its above-ground biomass. We conclude that the competition between bushgrass and other species takes place most heavily in the top soil layer. Biomass production of bushgrass communities is not sensitive to weather patterns under the conditions of beech-spruce forest clearings. In terms of the carbon accumulation and nutrient cycling, these communities have an important role in certain periods of forest life.

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