scholarly journals Review: Practical Use of n-3 Fatty Acids to Improve Reproduction Parameters in the Context of Modern Sow Nutrition

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Róbert Roszkos ◽  
Tamás Tóth ◽  
Miklós Mézes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Uterus Contraction ◽  
Sow Nutrition ◽  
The Given ◽  
Swine Nutrition ◽  
Sow Reproduction

The effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs) have been frequently investigated in sows because the profitability of pig production depends mainly on reproduction performance. In feeding trials, different sources and doses of n-3 PUFAs-rich feeds were used with various breeds and stages of production; however, a discrepancy in the response of n-3 PUFAs on sow reproduction has been observed. According to the results of the previous studies, n-3 fatty acids can postpone the time of parturition, decreasing the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are necessary for uterus contraction during labour. These effects could also be useful during the post-weaning period when low prostaglandin levels are indispensable for embryo survival. The n-3 fatty acids fed during the lactation period secreted in milk, may improve piglet performance. In this review, we will focus on the contradictory results of previous studies concerning practical swine nutrition. The main purpose of the review is to highlight those periods of swine breeding when the use of n-3 fatty acids may be advantageous in case of the deficiency of these essential nutrients. In finding the appropriate dose of n-3 PUFAs in terms of sow nutrition, the n-6 PUFAs levels in the given feeds must be taken into account to ensure that there are no significant reductions in the final n-6/n-3 ratio. Despite the numerous previous field trials, there are no current feeding recommendations available for PUFAs in swine nutrition. Hence, more research is required in different practical feeding situations to certify the assumptions and conclusions of this review.

Effect of breed of cow (Friesian and Montbéliarde) on spontaneous and induced lipolysis in milk

1987 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Paule Chazal ◽  
Yves Chilliard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Cautious Interpretation ◽  
Friesian Cows

SummaryLevels of free fatty acids (FFA) were determined immediately after milking (initial FFA), and after 22 h storage at 4 °C, either without (FFA-22) or with a mechanical induction of lipolysis (FFA-22I), in milk from Friesian and Montbéliarde cows in the same herd, at identical stages of lactation and pregnancy and receiving the same feeding regimes. There was no difference between the two breeds in initial FFA and FFA-22 contents whatever the lactation period. This was also true during late lactation when lipolysis was further increased after feeding a poor quality grass silage. The observation that milk FFA-22I content from the Montbéliarde cows was higher than that from Friesian cows in summer, but not in winter, requires cautious interpretation as the activation treatments were not comparable, owing to the different ambient temperatures during activation in these two periods.

scholarly journals Thermoregulation, Haematological Profile and Productivity of Holstein Friesian Under Heat Stress at Different Land Elevations

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana ◽  
Cece Sumantri ◽  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Anneke Anggraeni ◽  
Asep Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Given

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of heat stress on thermoregulation, haematology, and productivity of Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows raised in different elevations. A total of 63 HF in a normal lactation period were used in this study. The research was conducted for 3 months during dry season in three different areas, which were at Pondok Ranggon (97 m.a.s.l) which categorized as a lowland, Ciawi (576 m.a.s.l) which categorized as a lower-upland, and Lembang (1241 m.a.s.l) which categorized as an upland. Observation on microclimate aspects which includes environmental temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH) and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was done by recording each variable for every 2 hours starting from 08.00 to 16.00 WIB. The thermoregulation analysis was done based on the given physiological responses which consisted of the skin temperature (Ts), rectal temperature (Tr), body temperature (Tb), heart rate (Hr), respiratory rate (Rr), Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC), plasma cortisol level and haematological profile observation. The Ta, Rr, and THI measurements showed that in the lowland and lower-upland, the HF experienced moderate heat stress, while the HF raised in the upland area experienced less heat stress. The results showed that the dairy cows which raised in lowland had the highest HTC, Tr, Ts and Tb (P<0.05) and lowest Hr (P<0.05). All of the physiological and haematological parameters in the three study area showed a normal value.Furthermore, the erythrocyte, Hb and PVC concentration in a lowland raised HF were higher (P<0.05), while the plasma cortisol levels were not significantly different. The milk production of the observed dairy cows in different elevations was significantly different (P<0.05), with the highest milk yields, were found in the upland raised HF (13.1±3.52 kg), followed by the lower-upland (11.3±4.73 kg) and lowland (7.0±3.36 kg). In general, all of the HF raised in different land elevations was exposed to heat stress during dry seasons, even though the cows showed the ability to physiologically adapt and cope with the conditions. 

Odour creation potential of sludge during composting and drying

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bouchy ◽  
E. Senante ◽  
P. Dauthuille ◽  
M. Aupetitgendre ◽  
JP Harry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Sludge Composting ◽  
Industrial Composting

Recent French regulations have driven people to build many composting and drying sites over the last few years. The control of odour nuisance is essential within the framework of the respect of sustainable development, However to be dealt with properly, this issue must be taken into account when designing a facility and throughout its operation. Therefore tools are required to give the means to assess and anticipate odorous emissions. Within this context, a campaign of field trials was launched on several Suez Environnement composting and drying sites. Various types of sludges were treated on different types of industrial composting and drying reactors. In each case the reactor was monitored throughout the sludge treatment and the following compounds analysed: sulphur compounds (H2S, mercaptans, sulphides), nitrogenous compounds (ammonia and amines), aldehydes, ketones, Volatile Fatty Acids, alcohols, VOCs and odours. This work has enabled relevant parameters influencing odour emissions during sludge composting and drying to be determined, and is the basis for a complete composting and drying emissions model.

Effect of undernutrition on uterine progesterone and oestrogen receptors and on endocrine profiles during the ovine oestrous cycle

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sosa ◽  
J. A. Abecia ◽  
F. Forcada ◽  
C. Viñoles ◽  
C. Tasende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

In the present study, it was investigated whether undernutrition affected the binding capacity, immunoreactivity and mRNA expression for uterine oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively) in sheep, as well as whether the responses were associated with changes in plasma concentrations of progesterone (P4), oestradiol (E2), glucose, fatty acids, insulin, leptin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I during the oestrous cycle. Twenty ewes were fed either 1.5 (C) or 0.5 (L) times their maintenance requirements and were killed on Day 5 or 14 of the cycle (Day 0 = oestrus). Compared with Group C, Group L had higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and lower concentrations of insulin, leptin and IGF-I. Group L also had higher plasma concentrations of P4 during the final days of the luteal phase. At oestrus in both treatment groups, there were peaks in the concentrations of glucose, insulin and IGF-I. For ER and PR, transcript expression, binding capacity and immunoreactivity were higher on Day 5 than on Day 14 of the cycle. The binding capacities for ER and PR were lower in Group L than in Group C on Day 5. Group C showed more immunoreactive staining for ER than did Group L in two of five cell types, whereas no effect of treatment was observed for PR immunoreactivity. There was more PR mRNA in the uterine horn contralateral to the corpus luteum in Group C than in Group L ewes. We conclude that undernutrition impairs steroid receptor expression and binding capacity. This may alter the uterine environment and help explain the reductions in embryo survival.

Effects of sow, udder section and time on colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and piglet colostrum intake

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
G. Jones ◽  
S.A. Edwards ◽  
S. Jagger ◽  
S. Hoste
Keyword(s):  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Daily Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sow Nutrition ◽  
Better Than

Relationships between sow nutrition, milk yield, milk composition and piglet performance during lactation have been studied in numerous experiments. However, the subsequent effects of these pre-weaning factors on post-weaning piglet performance are less well studied. Commonly a growth check in piglets in response to weaning is noted, but to date it is unknown why some piglets do better than others in this period. The present experiment explored some of the pre-weaning factors that could explain the variability in piglet post-weaning growth.The performance of piglets from 41 litters was monitored during a lactation period of 26 days. Litter size was standardised to 10 piglets, which were not offered creep food. Piglets were weighed individually on a weekly basis from farrowing to weaning at 26 days. Daily litter milk intake was estimated by a weigh-suckle-weigh technique in 24 litters on 4 occasions at 5 day intervals across lactation. On the day after each of these days, the composition of milk was determined from milk samples obtained by hand milking following oxytocin injection. Litter milk intake and composition of milk were used to calculate the mean daily piglet nutrient intakes during lactation. After weaning some piglets were sacrificed for the analysis of body composition and 310 piglets out of the 41 litters were penned in litter groups in controlled environment flat decks for two weeks to monitor daily group feed intakes and weekly individual growth rates.

scholarly journals Maternal short and medium chain fatty acids supply during early pregnancy improves embryo survival through enhancing progesterone synthesis in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianhong Ye ◽  
Shuang Cai ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Xiangzhou Zeng ◽  
Changchuan Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Progesterone Synthesis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals ПОКАЗНИКИ ЛІПІДНОГО ОБМІНУ У КОРІВ ЗА РІЗНИХ ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИХ СТАНІВ ТА ПЕРІОДІВ УТРИМАННЯ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
M.R. Simonov ◽  
V.V. Vlizlo ◽  
V.I. Butsyak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
The One

The aim of this research was to study the lipid metabolism in high-yielding dairy cows during different physiological states and maintenance periods. Study was conducted on two groups of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The first group was formed in the winter stall-feeding period, the second one during the grazing period. Blood samples were taken four times: the first during dry period, the second, third and fourth were withdrawn at the beginning, on the peak and at the end of lactation period. Results showed increased lipomobilization activity after calving caused on the one hand by growing requirements in metabolites for milk synthesis and on the other hand by inadequate dietary supply with metabolic energy. Highly significant increase of the content of triacylglycerols, total and esterified cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids in blood of dairy cows was revealed. On the peak and at the end of lactation the level of indicated substances in blood gradually decreased. Influence of the period of the animals maintenance on lipid metabolism was established. For instance, after calving and on the peak of lactation serum levels of triacylglycerols, esterifies cholesterol and non-estherified fatty acids were significantly higher in comparison with such under the same physiological states but during grazing period of maintenance. 

scholarly journals A formula for calculating the effects of feeding on the iodine number of milk fat

1956 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Pellervo Saarinen ◽  
Marita Lönnfors
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Feeding Trials

Based on the data collected from two feeding trials conducted with Ay-cows fed with linseeds as a principal source of unsaturated fatty acids in the ration, the following formula was computed showing the effect of the diet on the iodine number (I.N.) of the milk fat in these experiments: I.N. = 6.7 + 38.5 * (U.F.A. consumed, g/day + 200 x Sc.fuu + 2xL.W.)/(M.F. secreted, g/day + 60 x Sc. fuo + 3 x L.W.) where unsaturated fatty acids (U.F.A.) in feed are expressed as an oleic acid equivalent, M.F. = milk fat (g./day), Sc. fuu=Scandinavian feed units underfed, Sc. fuo= Sc. feed units overfed, and L.W. = live weight in kilograms.

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