scholarly journals A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farming within Low-Resource Settings

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden D. Hedman ◽  
Karla A. Vasco ◽  
Lixin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Poultry Farming

The emergence, spread, and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain a pressing global health issue. Animal husbandry, in particular poultry, makes up a substantial portion of the global antimicrobial use. Despite the growing body of research evaluating the AMR within industrial farming systems, there is a gap in understanding the emergence of bacterial resistance originating from poultry within resource-limited environments. As countries continue to transition from low- to middle income countries (LMICs), there will be an increased demand for quality sources of animal protein. Further promotion of intensive poultry farming could address issues of food security, but it may also increase risks of AMR exposure to poultry, other domestic animals, wildlife, and human populations. Given that intensively raised poultry can function as animal reservoirs for AMR, surveillance is needed to evaluate the impacts on humans, other animals, and the environment. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of poultry production within low-resource settings in order to inform future small-scale poultry farming development. Future research is needed in order to understand the full extent of the epidemiology and ecology of AMR in poultry within low-resource settings.

scholarly journals The good and the bad: using C reactive protein to distinguish bacterial from non-bacterial infection among febrile patients in low-resource settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e002396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Escadafal ◽  
Sandra Incardona ◽  
B Leticia Fernandez-Carballo ◽  
Sabine Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Reactive Protein

C reactive protein (CRP), a marker for the presence of an inflammatory process, is the most extensively studied marker for distinguishing bacterial from non-bacterial infections in febrile patients. A point-of-care test for bacterial infections would be of particular use in low-resource settings where other laboratory diagnostics are not always available, antimicrobial resistance rates are high and bacterial infections such as pneumonia are a leading cause of death. This document summarises evidence on CRP testing for bacterial infections in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). With a push for universal health coverage and prevention of antimicrobial resistance, it is important to understand if CRP might be able to do the job. The use of CRP polarised the global health community and the aim of this document is to summarise the ‘good and the bad’ of CRP in multiple settings in LMICs. In brief, the literature that was reviewed suggests that CRP testing may be beneficial in low-resource settings to improve rational antibiotic use for febrile patients, but the positive predictive value is insufficient to allow it to be used alone as a single tool. CRP testing may be best used as part of a panel of diagnostic tests and algorithms. Further studies in low-resource settings, particularly with regard to impact on antibiotic prescribing and cost-effectiveness of CRP testing, are warranted.

scholarly journals ‘Disperse abroad in the land’: the role of wildlife in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 20160137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Arnold ◽  
Nicola J. Williams ◽  
Malcolm Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Impact

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been detected in the microbiota of many wildlife species, including long-distance migrants. Inadequately treated wastes from humans and livestock dosed with antimicrobial drugs are often assumed to be the main sources of AMR to wildlife. While wildlife populations closely associated with human populations are more likely to harbour clinically important AMR related to that found in local humans and livestock, AMR is still common in remote wildlife populations with little direct human influence. Most reports of AMR in wildlife are survey based and/or small scale, so researchers can only speculate on possible sources and sinks of AMR or the impact of wildlife AMR on clinical resistance. This lack of quantitative data on the flow of AMR genes and AMR bacteria across the natural environment could reflect the numerous AMR sources and amplifiers in the populated world. Ecosystems with relatively simple and well-characterized potential inputs of AMR can provide tractable, but realistic, systems for studying AMR in the natural environment. New tools, such as animal tracking technologies and high-throughput sequencing of resistance genes and mobilomes, should be integrated with existing methodologies to understand how wildlife maintains and disperses AMR.

scholarly journals Research and Technological Advances Regarding the Study of the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Related to Animal Husbandry

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4896
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Chong Liu ◽  
Zhiguo Zhang ◽  
Hongna Li ◽  
Tingting Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

The extensive use of antimicrobials in animal farms poses serious safety hazards to both the environment and public health, and this trend is likely to continue. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are a class of emerging pollutants that are difficult to remove once introduced. Understanding the environmental transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARGs is pivotal for creating control measures. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the spread and detection of ARB and ARG pollution related to animal husbandry. Molecular methods such as high-throughput sequencing have greatly enriched the information about ARB communities. However, it remains challenging to delineate mechanisms regarding ARG induction, transmission, and tempo-spatial changes in the whole process, from animal husbandry to multiple ecosystems. As a result, future research should be more focused on the mechanisms of ARG induction, transmission, and control. We also expect that future research will rely more heavily on metagenomic -analysis, metatranscriptomic sequencing, and multi-omics technologies

scholarly journals Improved salt iodation methods for small-scale salt producers in low-resource settings in Tanzania

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent D Assey ◽  
Thorkild Tylleskär ◽  
Philip B Momburi ◽  
Michael Maganga ◽  
Nicholaus V Mlingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource

The effectiveness of using combined recycled water to improve the quality of poultry meat

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
K.S. Meyramkulova ◽  
A.Zh. Temirbekova ◽  
K.M. Aubakirova
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Poultry Farming

The environmental aspects of poultry production have recently become increasingly political. This applies not only to the cultivation of poultry, but also to the processing and marketing of meat products. Poultry farming is associated with signifi cant environmental risks. Pollution from intensive animal husbandry is not so serious. Poultry farms consume a lot of water, especially when slaughtering poultry, and energy, especially when cooling and further processing meat. An important reserve for reducing the cost of meat entering the consumer market is the creation of an effective poultry farming system. If reducing water consumption by poultry farms becomes one of the priorities of environmental policy, the number of birds may increase, and meat prices may become cheaper. At the same time, when using the purifi ed and recycled water of the slaughterhouse of poultry farms for the technological needs of the slaughterhouse, for example, for washing gutted carcasses outside and inside (which is usually produced by tap water), the quality indicators of meat as a whole signifi cantly increase. Key words: recycling, poultry meat, combined electro-photochemical plant.

scholarly journals Harnessing alternative sources of antimicrobial resistance data to support surveillance in low-resource settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Ashley ◽  
Nandini Shetty ◽  
Jean Patel ◽  
Rogier van Doorn ◽  
Direk Limmathurotsakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Resistance Data

scholarly journals Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics among Children in a Tertiary-Care Hospital, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s356-s356
Author(s):  
Sukanta Chowdhury ◽  
Rajib Sarker ◽  
Md. Shafiqul Islam Khan ◽  
Probir Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Md. Abu Tareq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource

Background: The inappropriate and irrational use of antibiotics both in humans and animals causes bacterial resistance. Bacterial resistance is common in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. Bangladesh has very limited information on antibiotic use and associated resistance. We sought to better understand antibiotic use in low-resource settings for the development of effective strategies to address inappropriate antibiotic use. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among hospitalized children <5 years of age in a tertiary-care hospital in Barishal, Bangladesh, to collect data on antibiotic use. We collected data from 400 children during February–April 2019. Results: Among these 400 children, >50% were aged <1 year, and >60% of these children were boys. The average hospital stay was 3 days (range, 1–14). Most of the children had history of diarrhea and 18% had pneumonia. Most children (82%) were prescribed antibiotics. A combined form of antibiotics was prescribed for 17% of these children. In total, 14 different antibiotics were used. The most commonly used antibiotic was ceftriaxone (57%) followed by azithromycin (14%). The parental route was mostly preferred (75%) for antibiotic administration. Conclusions: Antibiotic prescription was common in children aged <5 years visiting a tertiary-care hospital. Most of the prescribed antibiotics were broad spectrum, which can promote bacterial resistance. Further studies are needed to identify the factors associated with overuse of antibiotics and bacterial resistance in low-resource settings.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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