scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Yellow-Legged Gulls (Larus michahellis) in Southern Italy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Tamara Pasqualina Russo ◽  
Antonino Pace ◽  
Lorena Varriale ◽  
Luca Borrelli ◽  
Antonio Gargiulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Larus Michahellis ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Wild birds may host and spread pathogens, integrating the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Particularly, Larus spp. have been described as responsible for the spread of many enteric diseases, primarily because of their large populations at landfill sites. The aim of this study was to examine the role of yellow-legged gulls as a source of enteropathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Yersinia spp., with particular attention to antibiotic-resistant strains. Enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 93/225 yellow-legged gulls examined from April to July, during a four-year period (2016–2019). Specifically, Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 60/225 samples (26.7%), and identified as C. coli (36/60) and as C. jejuni (24/60). Salmonella spp. was isolated from 3/225 samples (1.3%), and identified as Salmonella arizonae. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were isolated from 30/225 samples (13.3%) samples, and serotyped as E. coli O128 (12/30) O26 (9/30), O157 (6/30) and O11 (3/30); Yersinia spp. was never detected. Isolated strains exhibited multidrug resistance, including vitally important antibiotics for human medicine (i.e., fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines). Our study emphasizes the importance of yellow-legged gulls as potential reservoirs of pathogenic and resistant strains and their involvement in the dissemination of these bacteria across different environments, with resulting public health concerns.

scholarly journals The occurrence and prevalence of potentially zoonotic enteropathogens in

Rangifer ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Kemper ◽  
Ansgar Aschfalk ◽  
Christiane Höller
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The information about pathogens excreted by semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) that might represent a health risk to humans and animals is insufficient. The objectives of this study are to find the occurrence and prevalence of important potentially enteropathogenic, zoonotic bacteria and parasites in reindeer. Faecal samples from clinically healthy, semi-domesticated reindeer (n=2243) from northern regions of Finland and Norway were examined for important potentially enteropathogenic bacteria (Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Yersinia spp.) and parasites (Cryptosporidium spp.) following standard procedures. Escherichia coli were isolated in 2123 (94.7%), Enterococcus spp. in 2084 (92.9%), Yersinia spp. in 108 (4.8%) samples and Campylobacter sp., identified as C. hyointestinalis, in one sample only (0.04%). Neither Salmonella spp. nor Cryptosporidium-oocysts were detected. This study clearly shows that E. coli and Enterococcus spp. belong to the normal intestinal flora of healthy reindeer. However, only few of the isolated E. coli-strains possess genes encoding stx1 (0.14%), stx2 (0%), eae (0.52%) and hlyEHEC (0.99%), detected by PCR, that have the ability to cause health problems in humans and also animals. The isolated Yersinia spp. were further analysed for virulence factors, but examinations revealed no pathogenic strains. The public health risk due to excretion of important enteropathogenic microorganisms from reindeer has to be considered very low at present but a putative epidemiological threat to human health might arise when herding conditions are changed towards intensification and crowding. This study was performed as part of the EU-project RENMAN (www.urova.fi/home/renman/). Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Det er mangelfull kunnskap om hvorvidt det i reinmøkk kan finnes mikroorganismer som kan representere en helserisiko for dyr og mennesker. Hensikten med denne studien var å undersøke forekomsten av mulige sykdomsfremkallende mikroorganismer i reinmøkk. Prøver av reinmøkk ble samlet fra 2243 klinisk friske tamrein i nordre deler av Finland og Norge. Prøvene ble undersøkt for bakteriene Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp. og parasitten Cryptosporidium spp. ved bruk av standardiserte laboratoriemetoder. E. coli ble funnet i 2123 prøver (94,7%), Enterococcus spp. i 2084 prøver (92,9%) og Yersinia spp. i 108 prøver (4,8%). Campylobacter spp., identifisert som Campylobacter hyointestinalis, ble bare funnet i én prøve (0,04%). Salmonella spp. og Cryptosporidium spp. ble ikke påvist. Videre undersøkelser av E. coli viste at bare svært få (<1%) av isolatene hadde gener som kodet for mulige sykdomsfremkallende toksiner. Videre undersøkelser av Yersinia spp. viste at ingen av disse isolatene var sykdomsfremkallende. Studien viser at helserisikoen knyttet til de undersøkte mikroorganismene i reinmøkk må betraktes som svært liten.

Validation of Methods Used To Recover Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Subjected to Stress Conditions†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1466-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. BRASHEARS ◽  
A. AMEZQUITA ◽  
J. STRATTON
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Stressed Cells

Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 were stressed with lactic acid and cell-free supernatants from lactic acid bacteria and plated on three different media to determine if injured cells were recovered. A comparison of the susceptibility and recovery of antibiotic-resistant strains of the pathogens and nonresistant strains was also made. Acid stress conditions were created by adjusting the pH of a cocktail mixture (two to four strains) of the pathogen to 3.50 with lactic acid and holding for 18 h. The pathogen cocktail was also stressed with a cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus lactis (pH 3.90) in a 4:6 ratio. Both nonstressed and stressed cocktail cultures were plated on Trypticase soy agar (TSA) and violet red bile agar (VRBA) for E. coli and xylose lysine tergitol4 (XLT4) for Salmonella. Repair of injured cells was evaluated by pour plating the stressed cells on a 5-ml thin layer of TSA and allowing a 2-h room temperature incubation followed by overlaying with VRBA or XLT4. There were significant reductions in the populations of both pathogens under both stress conditions when plating was done on nonselective media. Injured E. coli O157:H7 was not recovered on recovery or selective media compared with TSA. Numbers of cells of supernatant-stressed Salmonella spp. plated on selective and recovery media were similar to those on TSA. Acid-stressed cells for all Salmonella spp. were not recovered on TSA, selective, or recovery media at levels comparable to recovery on TSA. Antibiotic-resistant strains showed similar recovery patterns on all media evaluated. However, the antibiotic-resistant strains were less sensitive to both stress conditions. The use of antibiotic-resistant strains resulted in a greater recovery of stressed pathogens than the use of recovery media.

scholarly journals Synergism of the Combination of Traditional Antibiotics and Novel Phenolic Compounds against Escherichia coli

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Md. Akil Hossain ◽  
Hae-Chul Park ◽  
Sung-Won Park ◽  
Seung-Chun Park ◽  
Min-Goo Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Rapid Emergence

Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli)-associated infections are becoming difficult to treat because of the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Novel approaches are required to prevent the progression of resistance and to extend the lifespan of existing antibiotics. This study was designed to improve the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics against E. coli using a combination of the gallic acid (GA), hamamelitannin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of each of the phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against E. coli was ascertained. Considering the clinical significance and FICI, two combinations (hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin) were evaluated for their impact on certain virulence factors of E. coli. Finally, the effects of hamamelitannin and GA on Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell viability were investigated. The FICIs of the antibacterial combinations against E. coli were 0.281–1.008. The GA-ampicillin and hamamelitannin-erythromycin combinations more effectively prohibited the growth, biofilm viability, and swim and swarm motilities of E. coli than individual antibiotics. The concentration of hamamelitannin and GA required to reduce viability by 50% (IC50) in IEC-6 cells was 988.54 μM and 564.55 μM, correspondingly. GA-ampicillin and hamamelitannin-erythromycin may be potent combinations and promising candidates for eradicating pathogenic E. coli in humans and animals.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Ripon Sarker ◽  
A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

Mexican unpasteurised fresh cheeses are contaminated with Salmonella spp., non-O157 Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli and potential uropathogenic E. coli strains: A public health risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Guzman-Hernandez ◽  
Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez ◽  
Rosa Hernandez-Velez ◽  
Iza Perez-Martinez ◽  
Ahide Lopez-Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
E Coli

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urban and agricultural streams in Canterbury, New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Van Hamelsveld ◽  
Muyiwa E Adewale ◽  
Brigitta Kurenbach ◽  
William Godsoe ◽  
Jon S Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Population Counts

Abstract Baseline studies are needed to identify environmental reservoirs of non-pathogenic but associating microbiota or pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and to inform safe use of freshwater ecosystems in urban and agricultural settings. Mesophilic bacteria and Escherichia coli were quantified and isolated from water and sediments of two rivers, one in an urban and one in an agricultural area near Christchurch, New Zealand. Resistance of E. coli to one or more of nine different antibiotics was determined. Additionally, selected strains were tested for conjugative transfer of resistances. Despite having similar concentrations of mesophilic bacteria and E. coli, the rivers differed in numbers of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates. Fully antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains coexist in the two freshwater ecosystems. This study was the first phase of antibiotic resistance profiling in an urban setting and an intensifying dairy agroecosystem. Antibiotic-resistant E. coli may pose different ingestion and contact risks than do susceptible E. coli. This difference cannot be seen in population counts alone. This is an important finding for human health assessments of freshwater systems, particularly where recreational uses occur downstream.

scholarly journals Paper-based analytical devices for colorimetric detection of S. aureus and E. coli and their antibiotic resistant strains in milk

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (22) ◽  
pp. 7320-7329
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Fazli Rabbi Awan ◽  
Qaiser Mahmood Khan ◽  
Bongkot Ngamsom ◽  
Nicole Pamme
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Paper Microfluidic ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Appropriate Prescription

We investigate paper microfluidic devices for detection of pathogenic bacteria and their sensitivity towards β-lactamase and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) in milk samples to enable appropriate prescription of antibiotics for mastitis.

Low Prevalence of Salmonella and Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli in Lymph Nodes of Australian Beef Cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2105-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Bailey ◽  
Long Huynh ◽  
Lachlan Govenlock ◽  
David Jordan ◽  
Ian Jenson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Prevalence

ABSTRACT Salmonella contamination of ground beef has been viewed as originating from the surface of carcasses. Recent studies have identified lymph nodes as a potential source of Salmonella contamination because these tissues play an active role in containment of pathogens in the live animal and because some lymph nodes are unavoidably present in manufacturing beef trimmings or primal cuts that may be incorporated into ground beef. A survey was conducted of the microbiological status of lymph nodes from Australian cattle at the time of slaughter to determine the prevalence of microbiological contamination. Sets of lymph nodes (n = 197), consisting of the superficial cervical (prescapular), prepectoral, axillary, presternal, popliteal, ischiatic, subiliac (precrural), coxalis, and iliofemoralis (deep inguinal), were collected from five geographically separated Australian abattoirs over a period of 14 months. Samples were tested for the presence of Salmonella spp. and Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli by BAX PCR assay. Aerobic plate count, E. coli, and coliforms were enumerated with a lower limit of detection of 80 CFU per node. The observed prevalence of Salmonella within peripheral lymph nodes was 0.48% (7 of 1,464). Two of the seven lymph nodes in which Salmonella organisms were detected came from the same animal. Grass-fed, grain-fed, and cull dairy cattle were all found to have detectable Salmonella in lymph nodes. All Salmonella detections occurred during cooler months of the year. No Shiga toxin–producing E. coli were detected. Aerobic microorganisms were detected above the limit of quantification in 3.2% of nodes (median count 2.24 log per node), and E. coli was detected in 0.8% of nodes (median count 3.05 log per node). The low prevalence of Salmonella and low concentration of aerobic microorganisms in Salmonella-positive lymph nodes of Australian cattle at the time of slaughter suggest that the likelihood of lymph nodes contributing significantly to the presence of Salmonella in ground beef is low.

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