scholarly journals Synergism of the Combination of Traditional Antibiotics and Novel Phenolic Compounds against Escherichia coli

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Md. Akil Hossain ◽  
Hae-Chul Park ◽  
Sung-Won Park ◽  
Seung-Chun Park ◽  
Min-Goo Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Rapid Emergence

Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli)-associated infections are becoming difficult to treat because of the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Novel approaches are required to prevent the progression of resistance and to extend the lifespan of existing antibiotics. This study was designed to improve the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics against E. coli using a combination of the gallic acid (GA), hamamelitannin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of each of the phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against E. coli was ascertained. Considering the clinical significance and FICI, two combinations (hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin) were evaluated for their impact on certain virulence factors of E. coli. Finally, the effects of hamamelitannin and GA on Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell viability were investigated. The FICIs of the antibacterial combinations against E. coli were 0.281–1.008. The GA-ampicillin and hamamelitannin-erythromycin combinations more effectively prohibited the growth, biofilm viability, and swim and swarm motilities of E. coli than individual antibiotics. The concentration of hamamelitannin and GA required to reduce viability by 50% (IC50) in IEC-6 cells was 988.54 μM and 564.55 μM, correspondingly. GA-ampicillin and hamamelitannin-erythromycin may be potent combinations and promising candidates for eradicating pathogenic E. coli in humans and animals.

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urban and agricultural streams in Canterbury, New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Van Hamelsveld ◽  
Muyiwa E Adewale ◽  
Brigitta Kurenbach ◽  
William Godsoe ◽  
Jon S Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Population Counts

Abstract Baseline studies are needed to identify environmental reservoirs of non-pathogenic but associating microbiota or pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and to inform safe use of freshwater ecosystems in urban and agricultural settings. Mesophilic bacteria and Escherichia coli were quantified and isolated from water and sediments of two rivers, one in an urban and one in an agricultural area near Christchurch, New Zealand. Resistance of E. coli to one or more of nine different antibiotics was determined. Additionally, selected strains were tested for conjugative transfer of resistances. Despite having similar concentrations of mesophilic bacteria and E. coli, the rivers differed in numbers of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates. Fully antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains coexist in the two freshwater ecosystems. This study was the first phase of antibiotic resistance profiling in an urban setting and an intensifying dairy agroecosystem. Antibiotic-resistant E. coli may pose different ingestion and contact risks than do susceptible E. coli. This difference cannot be seen in population counts alone. This is an important finding for human health assessments of freshwater systems, particularly where recreational uses occur downstream.

scholarly journals Intestine and Environment of the Chicken as Reservoirs for Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains with Zoonotic Potential

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Ewers ◽  
Esther-Maria Ant�o ◽  
Ines Diehl ◽  
Hans-C. Philipp ◽  
Lothar H. Wieler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Genetic Pool

ABSTRACT Although research has increasingly focused on the pathogenesis of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infections and the “APEC pathotype” itself, little is known about the reservoirs of these bacteria. We therefore compared outbreak strains isolated from diseased chickens (n = 121) with nonoutbreak strains, including fecal E. coli strains from clinically healthy chickens (n = 211) and strains from their environment (n = 35) by determining their virulence gene profiles, phylogenetic backgrounds, responses to chicken serum, and in vivo pathogenicities in a chicken infection model. In general, by examining 46 different virulence-associated genes we were able to distinguish the three groups of avian strains, but some specific fecal and environmental isolates had a virulence gene profile that was indistinguishable from that determined for outbreak strains. In addition, a substantial number of phylogenetic EcoR group B2 strains, which are known to include potent human and animal extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains, were identified among the APEC strains (44.5%) as well as among the fecal E. coli strains from clinically healthy chickens (23.2%). Comparably high percentages (79.2 to 89.3%) of serum-resistant strains were identified for all three groups of strains tested, bringing into question the usefulness of this phenotype as a principal marker for extraintestinal virulence. Intratracheal infection of 5-week-old chickens corroborated the pathogenicity of a number of nonoutbreak strains. Multilocus sequence typing data revealed that most strains that were virulent in chicken infection experiments belonged to sequence types that are almost exclusively associated with extraintestinal diseases not only in birds but also in humans, like septicemia, urinary tract infection, and newborn meningitis, supporting the hypothesis that not the ecohabitat but the phylogeny of E. coli strains determines virulence. These data provide strong evidence for an avian intestinal reservoir hypothesis which could be used to develop intestinal intervention strategies. These strains pose a zoonotic risk because either they could be transferred directly from birds to humans or they could serve as a genetic pool for ExPEC strains.

scholarly journals Biological Properties of Structurally Related α-Helical Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 2005-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monisha G. Scott ◽  
Hong Yan ◽  
Robert E. W. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT A series of α-helical cationic antimicrobial peptide variants with small amino acid changes was designed. Alterations in the charge, hydrophobicity, or length of the variant peptides did not improve the antimicrobial activity, and there was no statistically significant correlation between any of these factors and the MIC forPseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, orSalmonella typhimurium. Individual peptides demonstrated synergy with conventional antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa. The peptides varied considerably in the ability to bind E. coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and this correlated significantly with their antimicrobial activity and ability to block LPS-stimulated tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 production. In general, the peptides studied here demonstrated a broad range of activities, including antimicrobial, antiendotoxin, and enhancer activities.

scholarly journals Characterization and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of healthy broiler chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Eurides Stella ◽  
Maria Cristina De Oliveira ◽  
Vera Lúcia Dias da Silva Fontana ◽  
Renato Paris Maluta ◽  
Clarissa Araújo Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains are isolated from lesions of poultry presenting colibacillosis, which is a disease that causes either systemic or localized clinical signs. Such strains share many characteristics with E. coli strains that cause extra-intestinal illness in humans. There is not a consensus on how to define the APEC pathotype with regard to the presence of virulence traits. On the other hand, in the past few years, five minimal predictors for APEC detection were proposed. The E. coli isolates in this work were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the five proposed minimal predictors and cva C. The strains presenting them were categorized as potential APEC. The APEC and non-APEC categories showed high resistance (> 50%) to cephalotin, erythromycin, streptomycin, sulphametoxazol/trimethoprim, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Potential APEC strains were significantly more resistant to cephalotin (p < 0.05) and neomcycin (p < 0.01) than non-APEC. These latter were significantly more resistant to tetracycline (p < 0.01) than the potential APEC strains. These results demonstrate that feces of poultry present E. coli strains with resistant features, showing or not the potential of causing colibacillosis in poultry. Because APEC and extra-intestinal illness in humans may be similar, these resistant strains are of interest to public health.

Molecular detection of multidrug and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from house flies in various environmental settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 847-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdus Sobur ◽  
Zobayda F Haque ◽  
Abdullah AM Sabuj ◽  
Samina Ievy ◽  
AMM Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
House Flies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Aim: To detect antibiotic-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in house flies captured from various environmental settings. Materials & methods: Isolation and identification of E. coli was performed based on culture and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using disk diffusion test. Detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes was carried out using PCR methods. Results: The prevalence of E. coli in flies was 61% with highest in dairy farms (70.67%) followed by food centers (65.33%), dustbins (64%) and area close to hospital (44%). The prevalence rates of tetA, tetB, ereA, CITM, SHV, mcr-3 and catA1 resistance determinants were 88.75, 48.52, 41.67, 37.17, 27.77, 18.37 and 14.81%, respectively. Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant pathogenic E. coli are widely distributed in house flies, which requires a one-health approach to delineate their control.

Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes in Escherichia coli O157 and Non-O157 Isolates from Beef Cattle, Humans, and Chickens

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1774-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIGITTE LEFEBVRE ◽  
MOUSSA S. DIARRA ◽  
HÉLÈNE MOISAN ◽  
FRANÇOIS MALOUIN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Type 3 Secretion System ◽  
Type 3

Food-producing animals can be reservoirs of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains that can induce diseases in animals or humans. Contamination of food by E. coli O157:H7 raises immediate concerns about public health, although it is not clear whether all E. coli O157 isolates of animal origin are equally harmful to humans. Inversely, the pathogenic potential of atypical E. coli O157 isolates and several non-O157 serotypes often is ignored. We used a DNA microarray capable of detecting a subset of 346 genes to compare the virulence-associated genes present in eight E. coli O157 isolates from human cases, 14 antibiotic-resistant and/or hypermutable E. coli O157 isolates from beef cattle, and four antibiotic-resistant, sorbitol-negative, non-O157 E. coli isolates from healthy broiler chickens. Hybridization on arrays (HOA) revealed that O157 isolates from beef cattle and humans were genetically distinct, although they possessed most of the same subset of virulence genes. HOA allowed discrimination between hypermutable and antibiotic-resistant O157 isolates from beef cattle based on hybridization results for the stx2 and ycgG genes (hypermutable) or ymfL, stx1, stx2, and hlyEavian genes (resistant). However, the absence of hybridization to gene yfdR characterized human isolates. HOA also revealed that an atypical sorbitol-fermenting bovine O157 isolate lacked some genes of the type 3 secretion system, plasmid pO157, and the stx1 and stx2 genes. This isolate had a particular pathotype (eaeAβ tirα espAα espBα espDα) not found in typical E. coli O157:H7. HOA revealed that some non-O157 E. coli isolates from healthy chickens carried genes responsible for salmochelin- and yersiniabactin-mediated iron uptake generally associated with pathogenic strains.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Recovered from Selected Aquatic Resources in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, and Its Significance to Public Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Ebomah ◽  
Martins Adefisoye ◽  
Anthony Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance, pose a significant threat to public health. However, the magnitude of the impact of aquatic environs concerning the advent and propagation of resistance genes remains vague. Escherichia coli (E. coli) are widespread and encompass a variety of strains, ranging from non-pathogenic to highly pathogenic. This study reports on the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of E. coli isolates recovered from the Nahoon beach and its canal waters in South Africa. A total of 73 out of 107 (68.2%) Polymerase chain reaction confirmed E. coli isolates were found to be affirmative for at least one virulence factor. These comprised of enteropathogenic E. coli 11 (10.3%), enteroinvasive E. coli 14 (13.1%), and neonatal meningitis E. coli 48 (44.9%). The phenotypic antibiogram profiles of the confirmed isolates revealed that all 73 (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, whereas 67 (91.8%) of the pathotypes were resistant to amikacin, gentamicin, and ceftazidime. About 61 (83.6%) and 51 (69.9%) were resistant to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, respectively, and about 21.9% (16) demonstrated multiple instances of antibiotic resistance, with 100% exhibiting resistance to eight antibiotics. The conclusion from our findings is that the Nahoon beach and its canal waters are reservoirs of potentially virulent and antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains, which thus constitute a potent public health risk.

scholarly journals Effect of a lytic bacteriophage on rabbits experimentally infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhao ◽  
L. He ◽  
L. Pan ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
H. Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

Pathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) is severely threatening the rabbit industry in China, and the concern over antibiotic-resistant bacteria has given rise to an urgent need for antibiotic alternatives. In this study, a member (ZRP1) of the <em>Myoviridae</em> family was isolated from rabbit faeces using a strain of rabbit atypical enteropathogenic <em>E. coli</em> (ZR1) as host. The one-step growth curve indicated that the latent period was around 25 to 30 min and the burst size was 144±31 plaque-forming unit/cell. The rate of phage-resistant mutation was 7×10<sup>–5</sup>±4×10<sup>–5</sup>. When the bacteriophage input at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 0.1, 1 or 10, the growth of host <em>E. coli</em> in broth was inhibited for 5 h. A single intravenous injection of ZRP1 at MOI 0.1, 1 or 10 significantly prolonged the survival time of rabbits which simultaneously received a lethal dose of ZR1.

Effects of Steam-Vacuuming and Hot Water Spray Wash on the Microflora of Refrigerated Beef Carcass Surface Tissue Inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria innocua, and Clostridium sporogenes†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
WARREN J. DORSA ◽  
CATHERINE N. CUTTER ◽  
GREGORY R. SIRAGUSA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Listeria Innocua ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Beef Carcass

The fates of several bacterial populations on beef carcass surfaces were examined immediately following hot water washes (W) delivered through a beef carcass wash cabinet or application of steam-vacuum (SV). Additionally, the long-range effectiveness of W and SV on several bacterial populations was also determined during storage up to 21 days at 5°C under vacuum-packaged conditions. Fresh, unaltered bovine feces spiked with antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria innocua, and Clostridium sporogenes were used to inoculate beef carcass tissue prior to W or SV treatment. All treatments were equally effective as is indicated by bacterial populations immediately following any of the treatments (P &gt; 0.05); however, the combination of SV followed by W consistently produced arithmetically greater bacterial reductions. In general, all treatments produced initial reductions of up to 2.7 log CFU/cm2 for APC, lactic acid bacteria, and L. innocua, but by 14 days bacterial numbers had increased to levels of at least 7 log CFU/cm2. E. coli O157:H7 was initially reduced by as much as 3.4 log CFU/cm2 and did not grow to original inoculation levels for the duration of the experiment. Vegetative counts of C. sporogenes were initially reduced by as much as 3.4 log CFU/cm2, and numbers continued to decline for the duration of the study. These results indicate that the use of W and SV effectively reduces bacterial populations from beef carcass tissue immediately after treatment. Additionally, storage of treated tissue up to 21 days at 5°C did not appear to offer any competitive advantage to potentially pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Bacteriocinogenic Commensal Escherichia coli against Zoonotic Strains Resistant and Sensitive to Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Mazurek-Popczyk ◽  
Justyna Pisarska ◽  
Ewa Bok ◽  
Katarzyna Baldy-Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Bacteriocin Genes ◽  
Zoonotic Strains

Antibiotic resistance concerns various areas with high consumption of antibiotics, including husbandry. Resistant strains are transmitted to humans from livestock and agricultural products via the food chain and may pose a health risk. The commensal microbiota protects against the invasion of environmental strains by secretion of bacteriocins, among other mechanisms. The present study aims to characterize the bactericidal potential of bacteriocinogenic Escherichia coli from healthy humans against multidrug-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive strains from pigs and cattle. Bacteriocin production was tested by the double-layer plate method, and bacteriocin genes were identified by the PCR method. At least one bacteriocinogenic E. coli was detected in the fecal samples of 55% of tested individuals, adults and children. Among all isolates (n = 210), 37.1% were bacteriocinogenic and contained genes of colicin (Col) Ib, ColE1, microcin (Mcc) H47, ColIa, ColM, MccV, ColK, ColB, and single ColE2 and ColE7. Twenty-five E. coli carrying various sets of bacteriocin genes were further characterized and tested for their activity against zoonotic strains (n = 60). Strains with ColE7 (88%), ColE1-ColIa-ColK-MccH47 (85%), MccH47-MccV (85%), ColE1-ColIa-ColM (82%), ColE1 (75%), ColM (67%), and ColK (65%) were most active against zoonotic strains. Statistically significant differences in activity toward antibiotic-resistant strains were shown by commensal E. coli carrying MccV, ColK-MccV, and ColIb-ColK. The study demonstrates that bacteriocinogenic commensal E. coli exerts antagonistic activity against zoonotic strains and may constitute a defense line against multidrug-resistant strains.

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