Differences in Intestinal Barrier Development between Intrauterine Growth Restricted and Normal Birth Weight Piglets

Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) piglets are born at term but have low birth mass and a characteristic shape of the head. Impaired general condition, especially in intestinal function, leads to an increase in the occurrence of diarrhoea and high mortality in the first days of life. So far, the mechanical and immunological gut barrier functions in IUGR are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to microscopically evaluate the early postnatal changes in the gut mucosa occurring in IUGR piglets. Whole-tissue small intestine samples were collected from littermate pairs (IUGR and normal) on postnatal day (PD) 7, 14 and 180 and analysed by light microscopy. We found that in the IUGR piglets, the percentage of intraepithelial leukocytes was reduced in the duodenum on PD 7, but it increased in the proximal and middle jejunum both on PD 7 and PD 14, which suggested the development of an inflammatory process. The number of goblet cells was also reduced on PD 14. The average size of the Peyer’s patches in the distal jejunum and ileum showed significant reduction on PD 7 as compared to normal pigs; however, on PD 14, it returned to normal. On PD 180, we did not find any differences in the measured parameters between the IUGR and the normal pigs. In conclusion, we found that in one-week-old IUGR pig neonates, the gut barrier and the immune system structures display signs of retarded development but recover within the second postnatal week of life.

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Effects of dietary leucine supplementation on the hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in normal birth weight and intrauterine growth-retarded weanling piglets

Nutrition Research and Practice ◽

10.4162/nrp.2017.11.2.121 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Weipeng Su ◽

Wen Xu ◽

Hao Zhang ◽

Zhixiong Ying ◽

Le Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Leucine Supplementation ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Weanling Piglets

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Heterogeneous Growth and Mental Development of Intrauterine Growth-Retarded Infants During the First 3 Years of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.74.5.783 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 783-791 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Villar ◽

V. Smeriglio ◽

R. Martorell ◽

C. H. Brown ◽

R. E. Klein

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Total Sample ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Ponderal Index ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Term Infants ◽

Developmental Patterns ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Catch Up

Postnatal growth and development were studied in two groups of term infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and one group of infants with normal birth weight up to 3 years of age (total sample, 205 infants). Infants with IUGR were classified as having low ponderal index (IUGR-LPI) or adequate ponderal index (IUGR-API). At birth, the two groups of infants with IUGR had similar birth weight, but length and head circumference measurements were significantly different. Overall, the IUGR-API infants remained lighter and shorter and had smaller head circumferences up to 30 months of age. The IUGR-LPI infants experienced catch-up growth in weight during the first months, because of greater fat deposition. At 24 months of age, the IUGR-API infants scored below the others on mental items. At 3 years of age the IUGR-API infants had the lowest values on seven of eight developmental measures and on the composite score; at these two time periods, the group with normal birth weight scored the highest, and the IUGR-LPI infants obtained intermediate values. It is concluded that infanst with IUGR tend to follow postnatal growth and developmental patterns that are associated with their physical characteristics at birth.

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Differences in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 between Appropriate Neonates between Normal Birth Weight and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 736-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yessi Ardiani ◽

Defrin Defrin ◽

Husna Yetti

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Normal Neonates

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) was defined as the growth of the fetus less than its normal potential growth due to genetic and environmental factors. One of the most widely believed causes of IUGR was impaired uteroplacental mechanism from mother to fetus. Furthermore, factor which was thought to affect placental growth was due to the influence of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-9) which play an important role in angiogenesis. AIM: This study aims to determine differences in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and moderately mature Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-9) between normal birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study design was a cross-sectional study at four hospitals in Padang city from August 2017-January 2018. The sample of this study was umbilical cord blood of appropriate gestational age neonate with normal birth weight (31 neonates) and IUGR (31 neonates) by consecutive sampling, samples taken from mothers who meet inclusion criteria. BDNF and MMP-9 levels were analysed by ELISA. The differences between normal birth weight and IUGR test were followed by unpaired T-test. RESULTS: The results showed that BDNF levels in normal neonates was 1.58 ± 0.23 ng/ml and in IUGR neonates were 1.25 ± 0.35 ng/ml (p = 0.001). MMP-9 levels in normal neonates was 1.09 ± 0.20 ng/ml and in IUGR neonates were 1.25 ± 0.35 (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study was BDNF of moderately mature neonates was significantly higher in normal birth weight compared to intrauterine growth restriction, and the moderately high MMP-9 neonates were significantly higher in intrauterine growth restriction compared with normal birth weight.

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Clinical Comparison of the Visual Parameters in Infants with Intrauterine Growth Retardation vs. Infants with Normal Birth Weight

Optometry and Vision Science ◽

10.1097/00006324-198609000-00001 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 697-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ROBERT P. RUTSTEIN ◽

MICHAEL D. WESSON ◽

SHARON GOTLIEB ◽

FRED J. BIASINI

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Clinical Comparison

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Differences of the Insulin and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Between Normal Born Weight Baby and Baby With Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Journal of Midwifery ◽

10.25077/jom.3.2.103-112.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Tiyan Febriyani lestari ◽

Yusrawati Yusrawati ◽

Arni Amir

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Observational Research ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Normal Birth

Background: Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), is a condition in which the fetal growth rate is less than 10 percentiles. Fetal growth is affected by maternal health and nutrition, the hormone insulin and placenta. Placental development is influenced by the Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF). Insulin deficiency and BDNF can interfere with fetal development.Method: This study used an observational research method, with a comparative cross sectional design. The place of research was conducted at Bayangkara Hospital, Dr. Rasidin, TK.III Reksodiwiryo Hospital, and Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University. Research time starts from October 2017 to January 2018. The sample of this study was 25 normal babies and 25 babies with IUGR. Insulin levels and BDNF were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Test the normality of the data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical analysis using independent t test.Results: Insulin levels of 13.2 ± 1.7 mIU / L in infants with normal birth weight and 8.5 ± 1.7 mIU / L in infants born with IUGR (p = 0.000) and BDNF levels 1.5 ± 0.2 ng / ml for infants with normal birth weight and 1.4 ± 0.3 ng / ml in infants born with IUGR (p = 0.008).Conclusion Insulin levels and BDNF levels of normal birth weight babies are higher than babies born with IUGR.

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IUGR seen in normal birth weight infants Daikoku N, Johnson J, Graf C, et al.: Patterns of intrauterine growth retardation. Obstet Gynecol 54:211, 1979

Journal of Nurse-Midwifery ◽

10.1016/0091-2182(80)90054-3 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 39-40

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽

Obstet Gynecol ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Normal Birth

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Berat Badan, Panjang Badan dan Faktor Genetik sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Stunted pada Anak Sekolah

JURNAL NUTRISIA ◽

10.29238/jnutri.v19i2.257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Hetriana Leksananingsih ◽

Slamet Iskandar ◽

Tri Siswati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Riskesdas in 2013 showed that Yogyakarta (DIY) had a prevalence of stunted new kid in school is less than the national average, which is 14.9% (MOH, 2013). Stunted or short, is a linear growth retardation has been widely used as an indicator to measure the nutritional status of individuals and community groups. Stunted can be influenced by several factors: birth weight, birth length match and genetic factors. Objective: To determine the weight, length of low birth weight and genetic factors as predictors of the occurrence of stunted on elementary school children. Methods: The study was a case control analytic. Research sites in SD Muhammadiyah Ngijon 1 Subdistrict Moyudan. The study was conducted in May and June 2015. The subjects were school children grade 1 to grade 5 the number of cases as many as 47 children and 94 control children. With the inclusion criteria of research subjects willing to become respondents, was present at the time of the study, they have a father and mother, and exclusion criteria have no data BB and PB birth, can not stand upright. The research variables are BBL, PBL, genetic factors and TB / U at this time. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and Odd Ratio (OR) calculation. Results: In case group as much as 91.5% of normal birth weight and length of 80.9% of normal birth weight, most of the height of a normal mother and father as many as 85.1%. In the control group as much as 78.7% of normal birth weight and 61.7% were born normal body length, height mostly normal mom and dad that 96.7% of women and 90.4% normal normal father. Statistical test result is no significant correlation between height mothers with stunted incidence in school children, and the results of chi-square test P = 0.026 with value Odd Ratio (OR) of 3.9 and a range of values from 1.091 to 14.214 Cl95%. Conclusion: High maternal body of mothers can be used as predictors of the occurrence of stunted school children and mothers with stunted nutritional status have 3.9 times the risk of having children with stunted nutritional status.

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MicroRNA Determines the Fate of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Regulates Intestinal Diseases

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203720666190125110626 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 666-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sujuan Ding ◽

Gang Liu ◽

Hongmei Jiang ◽

Jun Fang

Keyword(s):

Target Genes ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Vital Role ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Intestinal Function ◽

Cell Fates ◽

Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation

The rapid self-renewal of intestinal epithelial cells enhances intestinal function, promotes the nutritional needs of animals and strengthens intestinal barrier function to resist the invasion of foreign pathogens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short-chain, non-coding RNAs that regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation by down-regulating hundreds of conserved target genes after transcription via seed pairing to the 3' untranslated regions. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs can improve intestinal function by participating in the proliferation and differentiation of different cell populations in the intestine. In addition, miRNAs also contribute to disease regulation and therefore not only play a vital role in the gastrointestinal disease management but also act as blood or tissue biomarkers of disease. As changes to the levels of miRNAs can change cell fates, miRNA-mediated gene regulation can be used to update therapeutic strategies and approaches to disease treatment.

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Antioxidant Levels in Cord Blood of Term Low Birth Weight Neonates Requiring Delivery Room Resuscitation

Journal of Neonatology ◽

10.1177/0973217921991402 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097321792199140

Author(s):

Rimjhim Sonowal ◽

Anamika Jain ◽

V. Bhargava ◽

H.D. Khanna ◽

Ashok Kumar

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Study Groups ◽

Delivery Room ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Major Congenital Malformations

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of various antioxidants, namely, vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cord blood of term low birth weight (LBW) neonates who required delivery room resuscitation (DRR). Materials and Methods: This case control study included 37 term LBW neonates who needed DRR as cases and 44 term neonates as controls (15 term LBW and 29 term normal birth weight) who did not require resuscitation at birth. Neonates suffering from major congenital malformations, infection, or hemolytic disease were excluded. Standard methods were used to measure the levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels in the cord blood. Results: Vitamin A and E levels were significantly low in cases compared to term LBW controls as well as term normal birth weight controls. Levels of SOD, GPx, and catalase were comparable in different study groups. Conclusion: Our study shows that term LBW neonates requiring DRR had significantly low levels of vitamin A and E in their cord blood. This might compromise their ability to tolerate oxidative stress during DRR.

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