scholarly journals Effect of Finishing Diet and Lairage Time on Steers Welfare in Uruguay

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Marcia del Campo Gigena ◽  
Juan Manuel Soares de Lima ◽  
Gustavo Brito ◽  
Xavier Manteca ◽  
Pilar Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exit Speed ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Resting Period ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Corn Grain

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of two different pasture-based finishing strategies and lairage time on steers welfare in Uruguayan conditions. Sixty Hereford (H) and Braford (B) steers were assigned to two different diets for finishing purposes: (D1) native pasture plus corn grain (1% of live weight) (H n = 15, B n = 15) and (D2) high-quality pasture (H n = 15, B n = 15). The average daily gain was registered every 14 days, and temperaments were individually assessed one week before slaughter by three individual tests: crush score, flight time and exit speed, building a multicriterial temperament index (TIndex). Animals were slaughtered the same day in two groups (50% from D1 and 50% from D2 in each group) after traveling for 3.5 h and staying 15 (long lairage) and 3 h (short lairage) in the lairage pens, respectively. The behaviors were observed during lairage, and physiological indicators were used to assess stress at the farm after transport, after lairage and at slaughter. Bruises incidence and final pH were registered at the abattoir as a means of assessing the overall animal welfare. Calmer animals had higher average daily gains with no differences either between diets or between breeds. Calmer animals also had a lower stress response during all preslaughter stages, regardless of the time in lairage. Transport did not imply psychological stress (cortisol) for any slaughter group, but physical stress was evident after transport in both groups through NEFA and CPK increases. Bruise incidences did not differ between lairage groups. The short lairage group did not have enough time to cope with the environment before slaughter, with the consequent deleterious effects on the carcass pH. Animals from the long lairage group had a higher metabolic response shown through NEFA values, but they had enough time to rest and recover overnight, reaching final pH values lower than 5.8, considered the upper limit of the normal range. According to this experiment, with pasture-based animals without fasting on the farm and after 3.5 h of transportation, a resting period of 15 h in lairage should be better than a 3-h one.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Finishing Strategies and Steer Temperament on Animal Welfare and Instrumental Meat Tenderness

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Marcia del Campo ◽  
Xavier Manteca ◽  
Juan Manuel Soares de Lima ◽  
Gustavo Brito ◽  
Pilar Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Energetic Composition ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different fattening systems from pasture to concentrate and temperament on animal welfare (AW) and meat quality (MQ). Eighty-four Hereford steers were randomly assigned to the following groups: T1, pasture (4% of animal live weight: LW); T2, pasture (3% LW) plus concentrate (0.6% LW); T3, pasture (3% LW) plus concentrate (1.2% LW); T4, an ad libitum concentrate treatment. Temperament was assessed by three individual tests: crush score, flight time, and exit speed, building a multicriterial temperament index (TIndex). The flight zone was also registered for each treatment. AW was assessed through the integration of indicators of productivity, physiology, and behavior, as well as by monitoring the health status within each treatment. Shear force was registered for MQ. Differences in average daily gain were due to the different energetic composition of the diets (T4 > T3 > T2 > T1) and were not attributable to animal welfare problems. Animals from T4 had the higher average daily gain (ADG) but welfare was negatively affected, being evident through physiological indicators, the restriction or deprivation of relevant behaviors, diet-related diseases, and mortality. T1, T2, and T3 did not appear to compromise animal welfare. However, strict preventive measures and monitoring should be taken during the habituation process and when using any new diet that includes concentrate, because of possible dietary diseases. Shear force values were lower in T1. None of the animals in our experiment were excitable or aggressive, but there was a positive response to handling in all treatments. In addition, regardless of diet, calmer animals had higher average daily gain and lower shear force values; thus, temperament appears to have a significant influence on productivity and meat quality.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF FAMILIES OF RED WHITE BELTED PIGS IN SE «RF ZORYANE» BREEDING FARM

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
L. V. Onishchenko ◽  
M. I. Danilchuk
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Appraisal Index ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Compactness Index

The most perspective genotype in our region is Red White-belted breed, which has high performance both under pure breeding and under crossing with other breeds. The results of complex evaluation of Red White-belted swine of the herd bred in SE "RF Zoryane" breeding farm are presented. It was revealed that animals of the farm comply with elite class and the first class. The main breeding boars used at the farm belong to such genealogical lines: Deviz, Division, Dantist, Debut, and Dobryak. In the structure of the herd, the most numerous was Dobryak line, which part was 58.8%, Division, Debut, Devis lines – 11.8% per line, Dantist line – 5.8%. The herd sows belong to 7 families: Drabowka, Dekada, Dyktsiya, Doina, Dylema, Delta, Dogma. Average prolificacy of the sows was 10.0 piglets. Litter weight at 60 days’ age was 181.0 kg, and live weight of piglet – 19.0 kg. The performance of sows as prolificacy increased by 0.6 head on average. The complex appraisal index for the herd was 104.1 points. The average daily gain of the replacement pigs was 570 g. The highest daily gain was from five to six months – 611.2 g, and the figure of compactness index characterized a certain elongation of animals, increasing meat traits. Further work with Red White-belted breed aims at preserving and expanding the breeding base and genealogical structure, as well as increasing the reproductive, fattening and meat traits.

Effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for piglets on their performance and apparent digestibility of phosphorus

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beers ◽  
A. W. Jongbloed
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Aspergillus Niger Phytase

AbstractA total of 384 piglets from a three-way cross Yorkshire ♂ × (Finnish Landrace ♂ × Dutch Landrace♀) ♀ in the live-weight range of 11 to 25 kg were used in a feeding trial. The effect of supplementary microbial phytase from Aspergillus niger var. Van Tieghem on performance (average daily gain (ADG), average daily food intake (ADFI) and food conversion ratio (FCR)) and apparent digestibility of total phosphorus (P), in comparison with a non-supplemented basal diet or a diet supplemented with one or two levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP), were studied.The piglets were allotted to 12 blocks. Within each block, four experimental diets were offered ad libitum for a period of 4 weeks i.e. (1) basal diet; (2) basal diet + 1·0 g P, from MCP per kg diet; (3) basal diet + 1·9 g P, from MCP per kg diet; and (4) basal diet + 1450 phytase units (PTU) per kg diet. The diets, with added chromium III oxide as a marker, were cold pelleted without steam at a temperature not above 60°C to avoid a possible inactivation of the phytase. In all diets the ratio calcium: digestible P was intended to be constant.Adding 1450 PTU of Aspergillus niger phytase enhanced the apparent digestibility of P by proportionately 0·216 when compared with diet 1 and by proportionately 0·100 compared with diet 3. In addition, significantly higher ADG and ADFI and better FCR were noted in pigs receiving supplementary microbial phytase than in pigs on any other treatment. The content of digestible P of the diet with added phytase, however, zvas between the two levels of the diets with added MCP.

A comparison of the growth of Brahman and F1 Senepol × Brahman steers in an Indonesian feedlot

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Schatz
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Brahman Steers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Live Export

This study compares the performance of F1 Senepol × Brahman steers (F1 SEN) to Brahman (BRAH) steers in an Indonesian feedlot. The focus was to address concerns that crossbred cattle are discriminated against by live export cattle buyers due to a perception that they do not perform as well as Brahmans in Indonesian feedlots. F1 SEN (n = 54) and BRAH (n = 32) steers that had grazed together since weaning at Douglas Daly Research Farm (Northern Territory) were exported to Indonesia and fed for 121 days in a feedlot near Lampung (Sumatra, Indonesia). The average daily gain of the F1 SEN steers over the feeding period was 0.17 kg/day higher (P < 0.001) than the BRAH steers (1.71 vs 1.54 kg/day). As a result the F1 SEN put on an average of 21.6 kg more over the 121-day feeding period and they did not have a higher mortality rate. Consequently, F1 SEN steers performed better than BRAH in an Indonesian feedlot and these results should encourage live export cattle buyers to purchase this type of cattle (Brahman crossed with a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed) with confidence that they can perform at least as well as Brahmans in Indonesian feedlots, although it should be noted that growth rates are usually higher in F1 crosses than in subsequent generations.

Effects in bacon pigs of differing levels of nutrition to 20 kg. body weight

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixteen blocks of eight littermate pigs were weaned at 3 weeks of age and each divided into four groups. Various levels of nutrition were applied to the pigs so that the four groups reached 20 kg. at 59, 68, 80 and 91 days of age, respectively.Only small differences were observed between groups in feed conversion ratio to 20 kg.; however, Group 4 required more feed per kg. gain than the three other groups.During the second period (20–90 kg.) the pigs in each group were divided into two sub-groups, which were on a high and a low plane of nutrition respectively. In both sub-groups the type of feeding before 20 kg. influenced the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The older the pigs were at 20 kg. the higher the daily gain and the lower the feed conversion ratio in the following period. There was an increase in daily feed intake with increased age at 20 kg. for pigs fed ad lib. during the second period.An increase in age at 20 kg. caused a significant decrease in thickness of backfat, a greater area of eye muscle and a smaller area of fat overlying muscle. For pigs fed ad lib. the area of eye muscle was significantly increased by a higher age at 20 kg. live-weight.

Comprehensive evaluation of the productive and reproductive traits of sows of Yorkshire and Landrace breeds and their offspring

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
A. A. Balnikov ◽  
Yu. S. Kazutova ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
I. F. Gridyushko ◽  
E. S. Gridyushko
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Best Parameters

The purpose of the work was a comprehensive evaluation of the productive and reproductive traits of sows of Yorkshire and Landrace breeds and their offspring under the conditions of a breeding enterprise in the Republic of Belarus. During the studies of reproductive traits, it has been revealed that the highest rate of prolificacy among the evaluated breeds was distinguished by Yorkshire sows 14,0 heads for farrowing. In terms of milk content, Landrace sows were 2,5 kg or 4,57 % higher than Yorkshire sows. In terms of weight and socket weight per piglet at weaning at the age of 28 days sows Landrace piglets surpassed herdmates Yorkshire breed in the weight of the litter by 6,8 %, and the weight of one pig by 0,9 %. It has been found by the results of the evaluation of fattening and meat qualities of purebred young pigs that the best parameters were different gilts of Landrace breeds, whose age achieve the live weight of 100 kg was 163,1 days, and average daily gain of live weight – 864,8 g, which was higher than in young pigs of Yorkshire breed by 1,8 day or 1,09 %, and 28,9 g or by 3,46 %. The young pigs of Landrace breed has been characterized by the best values of the area of the “eye of loin” – 73,8 cm² and the highest yield and amount of meat – 68,5 % and 24 kg, which was 11,4 cm² or 18,2 % and 0,4 kg or 3,5 abs.%, respectively, higher than the herdmates of Yorkshire breed. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using boars and sows of Landrace and Yorkshire breeds not only in breeding, but also in industrial pig breeding.

ORGANIC ACIDS IN FEEDING OF PIGS AND THEIR EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
L. A. Nikanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Initial Dosage ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The influence of feed additive "Ormik" consisting of organic acids (formic acid, lactic acid, orthophosphoric acid, acetic acid), as a filler of diatomite crumb, introduced into concentrated fodders, on the biochemical parameters of blood serum of pigs and on productivity is considered in the article. The studied feed additive was added to the feed daily in the form of loose powder, mixing thoroughly. The initial dosage of the feed additive in the 1st week was 1 g/kg of feed, 2nd week and the following – 3 g/kg of feed. The average daily gain in the live weight of pigs in the experimental group was 11,0% higher than the control group. The animals of the experimental group were less sick and the safety of this group was 100%, in the control group it was 90%.

scholarly journals Meat productivity of quails by feeding nanocrystalline cerium dioxide

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
V. Zotsenko ◽  
V. Bityutsky ◽  
D. Ostrovskiy ◽  
A. Andriichuk
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Edible Parts ◽  
Experimental Group

The use of nanomaterials in poultry farming has become increasingly popular as feed additives capable of increasing the productivity of the herd. Nanocrystalline cerium dioxide belongs to nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of activity. Owing to their oxygen non-stoichiometry and low toxicity, cerium dioxide nanoparticles are a very promising object for agriculture. The paper presents the results of studying the meat productivity of quails of the Pharaoh breed when drinking nanocrystalline cerium dioxide in the composition of the feed additive “Nanocerium”. The study was carried out on quails during the rearing period from 14 to 49 days. For the experiment, two groups (control and experimental) of 24 heads each were formed from one day old poultry. The quails were kept in a vivarium, in cage batteries, subject to the accepted microclimate conditions. Poultry of both groups received compound feed, developed taking into account age and physiological characteristics. With drinking water, the of the experimental group additionally received nanocrystalline cerium dioxide as part of the feed additive “Nanocerium” at a dose of 8,6 mg per liter of water for 35 days. The quail population was counted and weighed weekly, starting from the day-old age. The following indicators were determined: safety, dynamics of live weight, average daily gain in live weight. According to the results of the control slaughter and anatomical cutting, the weight of the carcass and the weight of the edible part were determined. Slaughter qualities and morphological composition of quail carcasses were determined by anatomical cutting with the measurement of the following parameters: pre-slaughter weight, half-battered carcass weight, carcass patrana, slaughter yield, weight of edible parts. Drinking the feed additive “Nanocerium” by young quails increased their safety by 4.17%, live weight and absolute average daily gain by 20.3 g and 0.48 g (P <0.05), respectively. The addition of NDC quails to drinking water contributed to an increase in their pre-slaughter weight by 19.3 g, half-gutted carcass by 18.0 g, and gutted by 17.5 g in comparison with the control group. The quail carcasses of the experimental group had a higher yield of edible parts in comparison with the poultry that consumed pure water. Key words: quail, nanocrystalline cerium dioxide, safety, body mass, gain, slaughter rates, output of edible part.

scholarly journals Growth performance and fattening ability in castrated male and female East Balkan pigs reared organically in Strandzha mountain

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Palova ◽  
Jivko Nakev ◽  
Teodora Popova ◽  
Maya Ignatova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract(An experiment with two groups of East Balkan pigs – castrated males (n=10) and females (n=10), was carried out to study the growth performance and fattening abilities of the animals from the weaning until slaughter. The pigs were included in the trial at 60 day age. The average live weight of the castrated males was 8. 65±1.08 kg and for the females, 8.5±0.62 kg.The pigs were reared using traditional technology, grazing on natural pastures in the Strandzha mountain, Bulgaria. In autumn, acorns were naturally present in their diet. According to the category, the animals additionally received ground organic feed (50% barley and 50% wheat). The trial lasted 304 days (from February to November, 2019). During this period the final live weight of the male castrated pigs reached 88.00 kg while that of the females was 84.4 kg. The difference, however, was not significant. Furthermore, no significant differences in the growth performance characteristics that could be attributed to the sex of the animals were observed. The average daily gain of both sexes tended to be lower in summer and higher in autumn. The feed conversion ratio was higher in summer. The animals showed high average daily weight gain at pasture when their live weight was over 50 kg.

scholarly journals Influence guanidinoacetic acid on the growth of young animals quails meat direction of productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sychov ◽  
H. Pryumak
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Relative Gains ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of using different levels guanidinoacetic acid in compound feeds on the growth of young quails meat direction of productivity. It is proved that adding to the basic diet of different levels guanidinoacetic acid (0.06, 0.12, 0.18 %) increases live weight of quails on 3.9 – 13.5 g and improves the absolute, average daily and relative gains compared to a bird in the control group, which were fed the main diet. The data show that at the age of 42 days of live weight was the highest in the diet of quail which was administered 0.12% GAA and dominant control of 13.5 g However, in 21 days live weight of quail fed 0.06 and 0.12 % guanidinoacetic acid was greater than control respectively 9.2 and 7.6 grams (P < 0.01). In absolute increments quail, fed GAA prevailed bird control group. The largest absolute increase was in birds that consumed the main diet of GAA level of 0.12% and prevailed controls 6.5 g (P < 0.001). A similar situation was of average daily gain. Young animals that received feed containing 0.12% guanidinoacetic acid had the highest average growth, which exceeded 0.9 g (15.5%) bird control group. As for the relative performance increases here were different. The lowest relative growth observed in birds which were administered GAA 0.06%, it lagged behind the controls 0.1 g in the same period quail treated with 0.12 and 0, 18% guanidinoacetic acid superior control respectively 2 and 1.1 g.

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