Detection of Beta-Lactam-Resistant Escherichia coli and Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile Strains in Wild Boars Foraging in an Anthropization Gradient

Disease transmission among wild boars, domestic animals and humans is a public health concern, especially in areas with high wild boar densities. In this study, fecal samples of wild boars (n = 200) from different locations of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona were analyzed by PCR to explore the frequency of β-lactamases and extended cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance genes (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli strains and the presence of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile. The prevalence of genes conferring resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials was 8.0% (16/200): blaCMY-2 (3.0%), blaTEM-1b (2.5%), blaCTX-M-14 (1.0%), blaSHV-28 (1.0%), blaCTX-M-15 (0.5%) and blaCMY-1 (0.5%). Clostridioides difficile TcdA+ was detected in two wild boars (1.0%), which is the first report of this pathogen in wild boars in Spain. Moreover, the wild boars foraging in urban and peri-urban locations were more exposed to AMRB sources than the wild boars dwelling in natural environments. In conclusion, the detection of E. coli carrying ESBL/AmpC genes and toxigenic C. difficile in wild boars foraging in urban areas reinforces the value of this game species as a sentinel of environmental AMRB sources. In addition, these wild boars can be a public and environmental health concern by disseminating AMRB and other zoonotic agents. Although this study provides the first hints of the potential anthropogenic sources of AMR, further efforts should be conducted to identify and control them.

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High quantities of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli are present in the Machángara urban river in Quito, Ecuador

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2019.195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 67-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Ortega-Paredes ◽

Pedro Barba ◽

Santiago Mena-López ◽

Nathaly Espinel ◽

Verónica Crespo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Resistance Index ◽

River Pollution ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Urban River ◽

Health Concern ◽

Natural Environments ◽

E Coli ◽

Folate Pathway ◽

Class 1

Abstract Urban river pollution by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria constitutes an important public health concern. Epidemiologically important strains of MDR Escherichia coli transmissible at the human–animal–environment interfaces are especially worrying. Quantifying and characterizing MDR E. coli at a molecular level is thus imperative for understanding its epidemiology in natural environments and its role in the spread of resistance in precise geographical areas. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli was characterized along the watercourse of the major urban river in Quito. Our results showed high quantities of cefotaxime-resistant E. coli (2.7 × 103–5.4 × 105 CFU/100 mL). The antimicrobial resistance index (ARI) revealed the exposure of the river to antibiotic contamination, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index indicated a high risk of contamination. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was the most prevalent in our samples. Isolates also had class 1 integrons carrying aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and folate pathway inhibitors. The isolates belonged to phylogroups A, B1 and D. Clonal complex 10 was found to be the most prevalent (ST10, ST44 and ST 167), followed by ST162, ST394 and ST46. Our study provides a warning about the high potential of the major urban river in Quito for spreading the epidemiologically important MDR E. coli.

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Multiresistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a Region in India Where Urinary Tract Infections Are Endemic: Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Sequence Type 131 Isolates of the CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Lineage

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01099-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (12) ◽

pp. 6358-6365 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Arif Hussain ◽

Christa Ewers ◽

Nishant Nandanwar ◽

Sebastian Guenther ◽

Savita Jadhav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Health Concern ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Tract Infections

ABSTRACTEscherichia colisequence type 131 (O25b:H4), associated with the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and linked predominantly to the community-onset antimicrobial-resistant infections, has globally emerged as a public health concern. However, scant attention is given to the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these strains in high-burden countries such as India. Of the 100 clinicalE. coliisolates obtained by us from a setting where urinary tract infections are endemic, 16 ST131E. coliisolates were identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Further, genotyping and phenotyping methods were employed to characterize their virulence and drug resistance patterns. All the 16 ST131 isolates harbored the CTX-M-15 gene, and half of them also carried TEM-1; 11 of these were positive forblaOXAgroups 1 and 12 foraac(6′)-Ib-cr. At least 12 isolates were refractory to four non-beta-lactam antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. Nine isolates carried the class 1 integron. Plasmid analysis indicated a large pool of up to six plasmids per strain with a mean of approximately three plasmids. Conjugation and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) revealed that the spread of resistance was associated with the FIA incompatibility group of plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and genotyping of the virulence genes showed a low level of diversity among these strains. The association of ESBL-encoding plasmid with virulence was demonstrated in transconjugants by serum assay. None of the 16 ST131 ESBL-producingE. colistrains were known to synthesize carbapenemase enzymes. In conclusion, our study reports a snapshot of the highly virulent/multiresistant clone ST131 of uropathogenicE. colifrom India. This study suggests that the ST131 genotypes from this region are clonally evolved and are strongly associated with the CTX-M-15 enzyme, carry a high antibiotic resistance background, and have emerged as an important cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections.

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Genetic Characterization Among Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli Strains Using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) Fingerprinting in South Africa

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49578/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kingsley Ehi Ebomah ◽

Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

E Coli ◽

Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Carbapenems belong to beta-lactam class of antibiotics usually considered as the last line of defense because they can be effective against severe infections caused by prevalent multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. However, carbapenems can be deactivated by bacteria that produce carbapenemase (beta-lactamase). This study was conducted to screen for carbapenem-resistance genes (CRGs) harbored by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli recovered from different environmental samples. We also assessed the genetic relatedness among selected E. coli pathotypes using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR).Method: Molecular identification and characterization of the presumptive isolates were performed using PCR and isolates that exhibited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypically were further screened for some relevant CRGs (blaNDM−1, blaKPC and blaOXA−48−like). Furthermore, ERIC-PCR was used to determine the similarity and diversity of 31 E. coli strains which were randomly selected from the different sources analyzed in this study.Result Our findings revealed a total of 238 presumptive E. coli isolates, out of which 192 were confirmed positive for uidA gene. Further screening revealed 77 (40%) isolates belong to six key E. coli pathotypes and 70 of them exhibited phenotypic AMR. Additionally, twenty-nine (41%) of the 70 MDR pathogenic E. coli strains harbored CRGs; with 24 strains harboring blaNDM−1, 8 harboring blaKPC and 2 harboring blaOXA−48−like genes.Conclusion Findings also suggest that the selected E. coli pathotypes belonged to different genomic clusters, while the cluster analysis showed a possible genetic diversity among aquatic and farm isolates. Proper treatment of final effluents before discharge as well as the development of more effective strategies to control and manage the use of antimicrobial agents were strongly recommended.

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Emergence of carbapenem-resistant ST131 Escherichia coli carrying blaOXA-244 in Germany, 2019 to 2020

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.46.2001815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (46) ◽

Author(s):

Sybille Welker ◽

Sébastien Boutin ◽

Thomas Miethke ◽

Klaus Heeg ◽

Dennis Nurjadi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Health Concern ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

South West ◽

Tertiary Hospitals

The dissemination of carbapenem-producing Gram-negative bacteria is a major public health concern. We report the first detection of OXA-244-producing ST131 O16:H5 Escherichia coli in three patients from two tertiary hospitals in the south-west of Germany. OXA-244 is emerging in Europe. Because of detection challenges, OXA-244-producing E. coli may be under-reported. The emergence of carbapenem resistance in a globally circulating high-risk clone, such as ST131 E. coli is of clinical relevance and should be monitored closely.

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Emergence of diversity in carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli ST131, England, January 2014 to June 2016

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.37.1800627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (37) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nicholas Ellaby ◽

Michel Doumith ◽

Katie L Hopkins ◽

Neil Woodford ◽

Matthew J Ellington

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

High Risk ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Health Concern ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

E Coli ◽

Snp Data ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Background Escherichia coli ST131, a global, high-risk clone, comprises fluoroquinolone resistance (FQ-R) mutations and CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases associated with the fimH30-encoding clades, C1 and C2. Further carbapenem resistance development in ST131 is a public health concern. Aim This observational study aimed to probe the diversity of carbapenemase-producing E. coli (CP E. coli) ST131 across England. Methods ST131 isolates were identified using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data generated for all non-duplicate CP E. coli from human samples submitted to the national reference laboratory from January 2014 to June 2016. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene content and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were compared against a published ST131 phylogeny and analysed alongside patient metadata. Results Thirty-nine genetically diverse ST131 CP E. coli, from eight of nine regions, represented 10% of CP E. coli isolates sequenced. Ten and eight isolates were from the FQ-susceptible (FQ-S) clades A and B, while eight and 15 isolates belonged to the FQ-R clades C1 or C2, respectively. Seven distinct carbapenemases were identified: KPC-2 (21 isolates, 6 regions) frequently occurred among clade C2 isolates (n = 10). OXA-48-producers (10 isolates, 3 regions) were often from clade A (n = 5). NDM-1 (n = 4), NDM-5 (n = 1), VIM-1 (n = 1), VIM-4 (n = 1) and OXA-181 (n = 1) were also identified. Clade C2 isolates encoded more AMR genes than those from clades A (p = 0.02), B (p = 9.6 x 10−3) or C1 (p = 0.03). Conclusion When compared with its global predominance among ESBL-E. coli, ST131 represented a fraction of the CP E. coli received, belonging to diverse clades and encoding diverse carbapenemases. The greater accumulation of resistance genes in clade C2 isolates highlights the need for ongoing monitoring of this high-risk lineage.

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Molecular Diversity of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli from Foods of Animal Origin and Human Patients

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17041312 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1312 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ángel Alegría ◽

Marta Arias-Temprano ◽

Isabel Fernández-Natal ◽

Jose M. Rodríguez-Calleja ◽

María-Luisa García-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Food Chain ◽

Food Samples ◽

Health Concern ◽

Pulse Field ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Clinical Strains ◽

Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Important Health

Dissemination of enterobacteria that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) throughout the food chain has become an important health concern. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria in foods of animal origin and to investigate the similarities between food and human isolates. The presence of beta-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was analyzed in 108 food samples, isolating 10 strains of Escherichia coli, one strain of Citrobacter freundi, and one of Hafnia alvei. E. coli isolates were compared to a group of 15 strains isolated from human patients by antibiotic susceptibility testing, characterization of ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaCTX,), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Nineteen (14 clinical and five food) isolates carried blaCTX, 14 (six clinical and eight food) carried blaTEM, and three (one clinical and two food) carried blaSHV gen. MLST analysis revealed the prevalence of ST131 among the clinical strains, which grouped together in a PFGE cluster. Food isolates showed higher diversity and two of them (ST57) grouped with clinical strains, whereas another two belonged to clonal groups with virulence potential (ST59). In conclusion, the results showed that foods of animal origin must be regarded as a reservoir of ESBL-producing bacteria of clinical relevance, which might spread through the food chain.

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