scholarly journals The Association of the Potential Risk Factors and Nutrition Elements with Abortion and Calving Rates of Egyptian Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2043
Author(s):  
Walaa M. Essawi ◽  
Ali Ali El-Raghi ◽  
Fatma Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. Nassan ◽  
Ahmed N. F. Neamat-Allah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Serum Minerals ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Egyptian Buffalo

The aim of the present study was to investigate risk factors, serum minerals, and metabolites associated with non-infectious abortion and calving rates of Egyptian buffaloes. Data were obtained from 364 pregnant buffaloes of different ages and parities over 7 years from 2014 to 2020. Body condition score (BCS) was a risk factor regarding abortion and calving; the thinnest buffaloes were more likely to abort and less likely to calving than those with body energy reserves. In comparison with the spring season, aborting probability decreased 49.7% the odds ratio (OR = 0.503), while the chance of calving increased 72.1% (OR = 1.721) during winter. The parity was another significant factor related to abortion and calving rates; multiparous buffaloes were less likely to abort and more likely to calving than primiparous. Dry buffaloes had 88.2% (OR = 0.118) lesser odds of abortion and six times (OR = 6.012) more likely to give birth than those lactating. The sex of the fetus was not a risk factor regarding abortion or calving. Other variables significantly associated with abortion rate were glucose and copper in the sera of aborted buffaloes were significantly higher (p < 0.05), and those of urea, uric acid, total protein, total cholesterol, phosphorus, magnesium and iron were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than a normal pregnancy. In conclusion, the present results emphasize that the identification of the risk factors, serum minerals and metabolites associated with fetus abortion of Egyptian buffalo may provide useful information, which assists to construct suitable preventive measures to raise reproductive performance.

Risk factors associated with the incidence of ketosis in dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Rasmussent ◽  
B. L. Nielsen ◽  
J. E. Pryce ◽  
T. T. Mottram ◽  
R. F. Veerkamp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Available Information

AbstractVarious dairy cattle production and health characteristics were studied with a view to identify easily available and measurable factors associated with the incidence of ketosis. The analyses were carried out using data from the Langhill Dairy Cattle Research Centre. Two approaches were used to assess the relative risk to cows of getting ketosis: one using information known at the beginning of lactation and one using information collected as the lactation progressed. In both approaches analyses were carried out using different amounts of the available information to simulate differences between recording systems. In the first approach the following were found to relate significantly to the level of recorded ketotic incidents: parity; ketosis in the previous lactation; calving condition score; 305-day milk yield in the previous lactation; and the average milk protein percentage in the previous lactation. The effects of these were quantified. In the second approach, where the change in ketosis incidence rate over the weeks of lactation was investigated, the average dry-matter intake in the previous week and changes in live weight and body condition score over the previous week were found to have a significant effect on the probability of getting ketosis in the coming week. The risk assessments varied depending on the information used and a flexible approach is recommended if potential risk factors are to be successfully incorporated into decision support systems.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity in the Netherlands: A Comparison of Two Cohorts

Neonatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kasia Trzcionkowska ◽  
Floris Groenendaal ◽  
Peter Andriessen ◽  
Peter H. Dijk ◽  
Frank A.M. van den Dungen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Screening Guideline ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Perinatal Database ◽  
Rop Screening

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains an important cause for preventable blindness. Aside from gestational age (GA) and birth weight, risk factor assessment can be important for determination of infants at risk of (severe) ROP. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Prospective, multivariable risk-analysis study (NEDROP-2) was conducted, including all infants born in 2017 in the Netherlands considered eligible for ROP screening by pediatricians. Ophthalmologists provided data of screened infants, which were combined with risk factors from the national perinatal database (Perined). Clinical data and potential risk factors were compared to the first national ROP inventory (NEDROP-1, 2009). During the second period, more strict risk factor-based screening inclusion criteria were applied. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 1,287 eligible infants, 933 (72.5%) were screened for ROP and matched with the Perined data. Any ROP was found in 264 infants (28.3% of screened population, 2009: 21.9%) and severe ROP (sROP) (stage ≥3) in 41 infants (4.4%, 2009: 2.1%). The risk for any ROP is decreased with a higher GA (odds ratio [OR] 0.59 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.66) and increased for small for GA (SGA) (1.73, 1.11–2.62), mechanical ventilation &#x3e;7 days (2.13, 1.35–3.37) and postnatal corticosteroids (2.57, 1.44–4.66). For sROP, significant factors were GA (OR 0.37 and CI 0.27–0.50), SGA (OR 5.65 and CI 2.17–14.92), postnatal corticosteroids (OR 3.81 and CI 1.72–8.40), and perforated necrotizing enterocolitis (OR 7.55 and CI 2.29–24.48). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In the Netherlands, sROP was diagnosed more frequently since 2009. No new risk factors for ROP were determined in the present study, apart from those already included in the current screening guideline.

scholarly journals Risk factors and clinical relevance of positive urine cultures in cats with subcutaneous ureteral bypass

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Deprey ◽  
Arnaud Baldinger ◽  
Véronique Livet ◽  
Margaux Blondel ◽  
Mathieu Taroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Positive Urine Culture ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Device Placement

Abstract Background The objective of the study was to report the incidence and risk factors associated with positive urine bacterial cultures as well as long-term outcome in cats with subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) devices. Results Medical records of cats that underwent SUB device placement were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment of the cat, laterality of the ureteral obstruction, surgery, anesthesia and hospitalization duration, bacterial culture results and follow-up data were retrieved. Thirty-two cats met the inclusion criteria. Four cats (12.5%) had a positive intraoperative culture, with two of them being treated successfully. Ten cats out of 28 (35.7%) were documented with a positive urine culture during follow-up period, with a median time between discharge and identification of the first positive urine culture of 159 days (range 8–703 days). Bacteriuria resolved in 60% of cats (6/10). Escherichia coli was the most common organism, isolated in 4 out of 10 postoperative urine cultures. Overall, subclinical bacteriura was documented for 6 of 32 (18.8%) cats and 5 of 32 (15.6%) cats displayed clinicals signs suggestive of persistent UTI. One cat had subclinical bacteriuria. Three cats died during the follow-up period. There was a significant difference between negative and positive urine bacterial culture groups in median hospitalization duration (5 days versus 6 days, P = 0.022) and in median body condition score (5/9 versus 4/9, P = 0.03). Cats with a longer hospital stay and with a lower body condition score were more likely to have a positive urine culture during follow-up period. Conclusions SUB device placement surgery is associated with complications such as chronic bacteriuria. Bacteriuria in our study resolved with appropriate antibiotic treatment in more than half of cats. Risk factors identified for positive urine culture were a longer hospitalization duration and a decreased body condition score.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. Carcass Contamination in Turkeys Slaughtered in Quebec, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1350-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE ARSENAULT ◽  
ANN LETELLIER ◽  
SYLVAIN QUESSY ◽  
JEAN-PIERRE MORIN ◽  
MARTINE BOULIANNE
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Estimate Prevalence ◽  
Carcass Contamination ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

An observational study was conducted to estimate prevalence and risk factors for carcass contamination by Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in 60 lots of turkey slaughtered over 10 months in the province of Quebec, Canada. Carcass contamination was evaluated by the carcass rinse technique for about 30 birds per lot. Exposure to potential risk factors was evaluated with questionnaires, meteorological data, and cecal cultures. Multivariable binomial negative regression models were used for risk factor analysis. Prevalence of Salmonella-positive carcasses was 31.2% (95% confidence interval, 22.8 to 39.5%). Variables positively associated (P ≤ 0.05) with the proportion of lot-positive carcasses were ≥0.5% of carcass condemnation due to various pathologies, cecal samples positive for Salmonella, low wind speed during transportation, closure of lateral curtains of truck during transportation, and slaughtering on a weekday other than Monday. When only Salmonella-positive cecal culture lots were considered, the proportion of carcasses positive for Salmonella was significantly higher in lots exposed to a &gt;5°C outside temperature variation during transportation, slaughtered on a weekday other than Monday, and in which ≥4% of carcasses had visible contamination. Prevalence of Campylobacter-positive carcasses was 36.9% (95% confidence interval, 27.6 to 46.3%). The proportion of positive carcasses was significantly higher in lots with Campylobacter-positive cecal cultures and lots undergoing ≥2 h of transit to slaughterhouse. For lots with Campylobacter-positive cecal cultures, variables significantly associated with an increased incidence of carcass contamination were ≥4% of carcasses with visible contamination, crating for ≥8 h before slaughtering, and no antimicrobials used during rearing.

Estimation of risk factors associated with difficult birth in ewes

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Horton ◽  
R. Corkrey ◽  
G. N. Hinch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Ease Score ◽  
Very High ◽  
Australian Merino

In eight closely recorded Australian Merino and crossbred sheep flocks, all lamb deaths were examined and the cause of deaths identified if possible. Dystocia was identified as one of the major causes of lamb death and this study examined factors that could be used to identify ewes at high risk of dystocia, either to avoid dystocia or to assist with early intervention where possible. Dystocia was least common in lambs of ~4.8 kg, but there was a higher risk at both lower and higher birthweights. Dystocia with both low and high birthweight was more common in older ewes, ranging from negligible low birthweight dystocia in ewes less than 3 years old at lambing, to 5% in older ewes. Low birthweight dystocia increased with increasing litter size, with 40% dystocia in ewes at least 4 years of age with triplets. In contrast, high birthweight dystocia was not affected by litter size. A previous record of low birthweight dystocia was a risk factor for future low birthweight dystocia, but the same relationship was not observed for high birthweight dystocia. A high lambing ease score (difficult birth) with high birthweight was a risk factor for future high birthweight dystocia, but this was not the case for low birthweight dystocia. These differences between the risk factors for low and high birthweight dystocia suggest that they have different causes. High ewe liveweight and condition score during pregnancy may be additional indicators of the risk of dystocia, particularly for ewes with high liveweight in the first 60 days of pregnancy. For most ewes dystocia was difficult to predict, but there was a small proportion of ewes with a very high risk of dystocia and if these could be identified in advance they could be monitored much more closely than the rest of the flock.

scholarly journals Influence of body condition score at calving on the metabolic status and production performance of Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Carvalho Delfino ◽  
Lucas Fialho de Aragão Bulcão ◽  
Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba ◽  
Mauricio Xavier da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Filipe Pinheiro Soares de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Condition Score

scholarly journals Risk factors, outcomes and mechanisms of tigecycline non-susceptibleKlebsiella pneumoniaebacteremia

2016 ◽  
pp. AAC.01503-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Han Juan ◽  
Yi-Wei Huang ◽  
Yi-Tsung Lin ◽  
Tsuey-Ching Yang ◽  
Fu-Der Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

A rise in tigecycline resistance inKlebsiella pneumoniaehas been reported recently worldwide. We aim to identify risk factors, outcomes, and mechanisms for adult patients with tigecycline non-susceptibleK. pneumoniaebacteremia in Taiwan. We conducted a matched case-control study (ratio of 1:1) in a medical center in Taiwan from January 2011 through June 2015. The cases were patients with tigecycline non-susceptibleK. pneumoniaebacteremia, and the controls were patients with tigecycline susceptibleK. pneumoniaebacteremia. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the potential risk factors for tigecycline non-susceptibleK. pneumoniaebacteremia. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyzeacrA,oqxA,ramA,rarA,andkpgAexpression among these isolates. A total of 43 cases were matched with 43 controls. The 14-day mortality of patients with tigecycline non-susceptibleK. pneumoniaebacteremia was 30.2%, and the 28-day mortality was 41.9%. The attributable mortality of tigecycline non-susceptibleK. pneumoniaeat 14 days and 28 days was 9.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Fluoroquinolone use within 30 days prior to bacteremia was the only independent risk factor for tigecycline non-susceptibleK. pneumoniaebacteremia. Tigecycline non-susceptibleK. pneumoniaewere mostly caused by overexpression of AcrAB and/or OqxAB efflux pumps, together with the upregulation of RamA and/or RarA respectively. One isolate has isolated overexpression ofkpgA. In conclusion, tigecycline non-susceptibleK. pneumoniaebacteremia was associated with high mortality and prior fluoroquinolone use was the independent risk factor for acquisition of tigecycline non-susceptibleK. pneumoniae. The overexpression of AcrAB and/or OqxAB contributes to tigecycline non-susceptibility inK. pneumoniae.

Risk factors for blood-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid collection in dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (16) ◽  
pp. e8-e8
Author(s):  
Aran Nagendran ◽  
Daniel Sanchez-Masian ◽  
Erika Bersan ◽  
Camilla Jayne Cooper ◽  
Rita Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors for blood contamination during cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in dogs.Study design and methodsThis is a prospective study of 170 CSF samples. Data collected included signalment of the patient, body condition score, site of CSF collection (cerebellomedullary cistern (CMC) or lumbar cistern (LC)), number of attempts, clinician expertise, final diagnosis, time of day, skull conformation and day of the week. Analysis of the CSF samples was then performed, and the presence of blood contamination (red blood cells >500/µl) was recorded. Logistic regression was used to quantify the association of potential risk factors of the procedure. Multivariate analysis was performed on the variables that were statistically significant.ResultsOf the 170 CSF samples, 53 per cent were collected from the CMC (n=90) and 47 per cent from the LC (n=80). Blood contamination was seen in 20 per cent (n=34) of the samples, 8.9 per cent (n=8) in CMC and 32.5 per cent (n=26) in LC samples. Increased odds of obtaining a contaminated CSF sample were associated with lower level of clinician expertise (odds ratio: 2.5; 95 per cent confidence interval: 0.9–6.7; P=0.046) and with LC versus CMC collection site (odds ratio: 8.1; 95 per cent confidence interval: 2.1–12.9; P=0.001).Clinical significanceThere is increased likelihood of blood contamination when collecting CSF from the LC compared with the CMC site. Increased clinician experience reduced the risk of CSF blood contamination, but none of the other variables examined significantly influenced this.

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Yuni Purwanti ◽  
Sutaryo Sutaryo ◽  
Sri Mulatsih ◽  
Pungky Ardani Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children (95%) and one of the leading causes of death in children, with high mortality rates in developing countries. Identifying risk factors for mortality is important in order to provide early intervention to improve cure rates.Objective To identify risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.Methods We performed a case-control study of children (0-18 years of age) with Wilms tumor admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 2005 and 2012. The case group consisted of children who died of Wilms tumor, whereas the control group were children who survived. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Chi-square and logistic regression tests were done to determine odds ratios and 95% CI of the potential risk factors for mortality from Wilms tumor.Results Thirty-five children with Wilms tumor were admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital during the study period. Nine (26%) children died and 26 survived. Stage ≥III was a significant risk factor for mortality in chidren with Wilms tumor (OR 62.8; 95%CI 5.6 to 70.5). Age ≥2 years (OR 1.4; 95%CI 0.1 to 14.3) and male sex (OR 1.2; 95%CI 0.1 to 10.8) were not significant risk factors for mortality.Conclusion Stage ≥III is a risk factor for mortality in children with Wilms tumor. 

scholarly journals Lameness in Sheltered Cows and Its Association with Cow and Shelter Attributes

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Injuries ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Carpal Joint ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

The sheltering of old, unproductive and abandoned cows in traditional cow shelters, known as gaushalas, has been practiced in India since ancient times. Cows are kept in these shelters until they die of natural causes. The welfare of the cows in these shelters was assessed through a cross-sectional study of 54 cow shelters in six states of India. A total of 1620 cows were examined to assess the prevalence of lameness in these cows, and the associated risk factors for lameness were identified through the measurement of animal-based and resource-based welfare indicators. The overall lameness prevalence was 4.2%. The majority (86%) had mild to moderate hock joint swellings but no or only mild carpal joint injuries. Approximately one-half had mild to moderate hock joint hair loss and most were free of hock joint ulcerations. Claw overgrowth was present in almost one half of the cows. Lameness prevalence was positively correlated with coat dirtiness, hock and carpal joint lesions, diarrhea and claw overgrowth scores. In a multivariate analysis, lameness prevalence increased as the Body Condition Score (BCS) decreased and was associated with increased udder dirtiness, the ulceration of the hock joint, carpal joint injuries and claw overgrowth. Resource-based indicators measured at the shelter level suggested that an absence of bedding in the sheds and an increase in the gradient of the shed flooring increased lameness. Addressing the principle risk factors identified for lameness in the sheltered cows (low body condition, dirty udders, lesions on the hock and carpal joints, overgrown claws, and a steep floor gradient) may help to reduce this serious animal welfare problem.

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