scholarly journals Ingestion of Soil by Grazing Sport Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2109
Author(s):  
Stefan Jurjanz ◽  
Claire Collas ◽  
Carol Quish ◽  
Bridget Younge ◽  
Cyril Feidt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Soil Ingestion ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Sward Height

Data on soil ingestion in horses are lacking in contrast to other free-range animals. The importance of soil as a vector for environmental pollutants to food is less relevant in horses but several disorders secondary to soil ingestion, such as sand colic or enteritis have been reported. Therefore, soil ingestion has been studied on Irish sport horses grazing at three offered levels of daily herbage: 2, 3 and 4% of their body weight. Soil ingestion was estimated by the faecal recovery of a soil natural marker. Horses had 4.5, 4.1 and 3.7% of soil in their total intake respectively for the 2, 3 and 4% herbage offers. The 4% offer presented significantly less intake (543 g/d) compared to the more restricted offers (624 and 648 g respectively for 3 and 2%). The post-grazing sward height was significantly lower on the 2% offer (3.1 cm) compared to the higher offers (4.1 and 4.4 cm respectively for 3 and 4%). Thus, restricted herbage allowance made grazing closer to the ground and increased soil ingestion. The sward height appeared to be a reliable indicator to manage animal withdrawal from a pasture to limit soil ingestion and the risk of gastrointestinal pathologies caused by it.

scholarly journals Fingernail may not be a reliable biomarker of fluoride body burden from dentifrice

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ynara Bosco Oliveira Lima-Arsati ◽  
Carolina Castro Martins ◽  
Lília Alves Rocha ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The City

Fingernail has been suggested as a biomarker of fluoride (F) body burden, but there is no consensus if it would be a reliable indicator of F exposure from dentifrice. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate if fingernails would have sensitivity to detect F exposure from dentifrice in young children. Twenty-three 1-3-year-old children living in the city of Piracicaba (0.72 ppm F in water), Brazil, were enrolled in two phases of different F exposure: in phase A (1st to 11th week), they were exposed to the combination of F from diet (solids and liquids) and dentifrice (1,500 µg F/g as MFP), and in phase B (12th to 29th week), only to F from diet (the use of F dentifrice was interrupted). Fingernails were weekly clipped during 35 weeks for F determination. F intake from diet and dentifrice in each phase was also determined. Both analyses were made with ion-specific electrode. F intake (Mean ± SD) was significantly higher (p<0.01) when the children were exposed to F from diet+dentifrice than only to F from diet (0.086 ± 0.032 and 0.040 ± 0.009 mg F/day/kg body weight, respectively). However, F concentrations in nails collected during the whole experimental period of 35 weeks presented great variation with no trend of decreasing after F dentifrice intake interruption. The findings suggest that fingernail may not be a reliable F biomarker of body burden from dentifrice.

scholarly journals Foraging behaviour and performance of steers from two local breeds (Asturian Valley and Asturian Mountain) grazing in Cantabrian (N Spain) summer pastures

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0601
Author(s):  
Alicia Román-Trufero ◽  
Antonio Martínez ◽  
Luis M. M. Ferreira ◽  
Valentín García-Prieto ◽  
Rocío Rosa-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
And Performance

Steer meat production in northern Spain is deficient to attend market demand. This research aimed to compare the foraging behaviour and production of yearling steers from two local breeds differing in body weight (BW), Asturian Valley (AV, 372 kg) and Asturian Mountain (AM, 307 kg), grazing in summer pastures consisting of 70% grassland and 30% heathland. Bodyweight gains from a total of 42 steers were recorded during four grazing seasons (from June to October). In two years, in July and September, plant community selection and diet composition were estimated by direct observation and using faecal markers, respectively. Grazing time increased from July to September (488 vs. 557 min/day; p<0.001) as sward height in the grassland decreased. Although AV steers grazed proportionally for longer on herbaceous pastures than AM steers (81.3 vs. 73.3%; p<0.05), no differences between breeds were found in diet composition. AM steers showed greater mean daily BW gains than AV steers (252 vs. 133 g/day; p<0.01). From June to August, steers from both breeds gained BW (487 vs. 360 g/day for AM and AV, respectively; p<0.01), but thereafter BW gains decreased (120 vs. –12 g/day for AM and AV, respectively; p<0.05), because of reduced availability of grassland herbage. Yearling steers from AM breed seem to be better suited to mountain conditions than those from AV breed, probably because of their smaller body size and lower total nutrient requirements for maintenance.

scholarly journals Haematological parameters in relation to age, sex and body weight of free-range village chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Maiduguri, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The haematology of animals including chickens is an important indicator of their health status. It is therefore considered a useful tool in clinical diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the haematological parameters of apparently healthy free range domesticated chickens as influenced by their sex, age and body weights. Blood samples taken from the jugular veins were analysed using standard haematological protocols. PCV, haemoglobin concentration, TRBC, TWBC, differential leukocyte counts, erythrocytes indices (MCV, MCHC and MCH) were measured. The study showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) age-dependent variation in all the measured haematological parameters. However, sex had effect on PCV, TRBC and heterophil count. Male chickens had higher PCV value of (34.4%) and TRBC value of (2.4 × 1012/L) as compared to female chickens with PCV value of (30.5%) and TRBC value of (2.1 × 1012/L). On the other hand, female chickens had higher mean heterophil value of (22.0 × 109/L) and MCHC value of (29.5g/dl) as compared to male chickens with mean heterophil and MCHC values of (16.8 × 109/L) and (25.7g/dl) respectively. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in PCV with increasing body weights in males but not in females. The MCHC decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the body weight increased also in males but not in females. The results of the study indicate that sex and body weights influenced normal haematological parameters of apparently healthy free range domestic chickens in the study environment. Keywords: Age, body weight, haematology, sex, village chicken.

scholarly journals Growth performance of local and genetically improved chicken of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
A Akhter ◽  
SC Das ◽  
MS Hasan ◽  
T Akter ◽  
M Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Genetically Improved

The experiment was conducted to compare the growth performance among four genotypes of indigenous chicken namely Non-descriptive Native (ND), genetically Improved Native (IN), Hilly (HC) and Naked Neck (NN) of Bangladesh under free-range rearing system.  A total of 288 day old chicks (DOC) from four genotypes were divided into four treatments having eight replications of each for a period of 12 weeks under free-range system with supplementation of commercial broiler diet. During first 4 weeks, all chicks were kept together, whereas chicks of ND was brooded in the same room but separated by a partition. At 5 weeks of age chicks were randomly distributed to the selected farmers. Growth parameters were recorded to determine the comparative growth performance among four genotypes of chicken. The highest body weight (1110.76 g/bird) was achieved by HC, followed by IN (900.63 g/bird) and NN (831.13 g/bird) at 12 weeks of age. The lowest body weight (734.13 g/bird) however was found in ND chicken. During the growing period under free range rearing (5-12 weeks), HC group consumed the highest amount of feed (2697.02 g/bird) with an average FCR of 3.06 while the lowest feed consumption (2666.13 g/bird) with the highest FCR of 4.90 was observed in ND. IN consumed (2674.63 g/bird) feed with an average FCR of 3.92 and BLRI improved NN consumed (2668.13 g/bird) feed with an average FCR of 4.19. Live weight gains in all the four genotypes of indigenous chicken were changed almost in a similar pattern. Significant differences were observed in live weight, dressing percentage, breast meat, drumstick, thigh meat among the four genotypes of chicken. The HC was superior to other genotypes of indigenous chicken including ND in terms of growth performance, meat yield characteristics and net returns. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (2):76-84

Conditions for Use of Food Additives Based on a Budget for an Acceptable Daily Intake1

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
SØREN C. HANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Food And Drink

Use of food additives is regulated qualitatively in the European Common Market through the EEC directives on food additives, while the concept of Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) provides a quantitative expression of safe amounts for the guidance of regulatory agencies. It is suggested that a permissible quantity or quantities, the ceiling, should be agreed upon for each permitted additive on the basis of its ADI and in accordance with the procedure described here. The estimation of intake of food and drink starts from the child, who on the basis of body weight has the highest consumption. When dealing with total intake (expressed as energy, weight or volume per kg body weight per day), occupational and climatical variations between adults are largely contained in the difference between child and adult. It is possible to calculate the highest concentration in foodstuffs which is consistent with the ADI, under the assumption that the additive occurs evenly distributed in the whole diet of a child. This concentration is called the primary ceiling. To obtain the technological effect, however, higher concentrations may be needed, and to accomodate this the ceiling may have to be raised. This can be done if the use of the additive can be excluded from or reserved for part of the diet.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the relation between food consumption rate and equilibrium body-weight in male rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Gettys ◽  
Susan Mills ◽  
Donald M. Henrickst
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Food Consumption Rate ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Food Intake Rate

1. Two experimental approaches were employed to assess the relation between food consumption rate and maintenance requirements in male weanling rats. The first approach involved restricting food intake in rats previously given free access to food from weaning to 59 d of age. The second approach involved restriction of food intake to various levels after weaning. Maintenance requirements (g foodid per g body-weight (W)) were estimated by dividing the rate of food consumption by the resulting equilibrium W (EBW) for each animal. In addition, food consumption was partitioned into growth-independent (maintenance) and growth-dependent (gain) components by alternately setting W and specific growth rate (W') to zero in an equation relating food intake rate to W and W. Coupling coefficients representing maintenance consumption (g food/d per g W) and gain consumption (g food/g gain) were estimated for each animal by least squares.2. Both techniques for estimating maintenance consumption provided similar estimates within and across experiments, and regardless of when food restriction was imposed or its severity, consumption for maintenance was about 5% W/d.3. The EBW to which animals in each treatment group aspired was directly proportional to that group's food intake rate.4. Coventional measures of growth efficiency were also related to food intake; efficiency decreased with decreasing food intake. Partitioning food consumption into maintenance and gain components revealed that as the rate of food intake decreased, the proportion of total intake consumed for maintenance increased. The results suggest that growth efficiency declines during food intake restriction because proportionately more of total intake is used for maintenance, leaving less available for gain.

scholarly journals Diversity of phenotypic characteristics of White Tailed-Yellow Chicken populations reared under free range system in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPHAWADEE YAEMKONG ◽  
TUAN NGUYEN NGOC
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Golden Yellow

Abstract. Yaemkong S, Tuan NN. 2019. Diversity of phenotypic characteristics of White Tailed-Yellow Chicken populations reared under free-range system in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1264-1273.  The objective of this study was to evaluate phenotypic diversity of White tail-yellow chickens in Mueang District, Phitsanulok, Thailand. A total of 200 male chickens from the purposive samples were collected, and then analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlation and least squares mean for subclasses of each factor. The results showed that the phenotypic of White tail-yellow Chickens had the highest white-yellow beak (60.29%), hin comb (65.50%), golden-yellow neck plumage (95.69%), back plumage (96.17%) and wing plumage (67.94%), white-black long curving tails (70.11%), black back tails (71.14%) and white-yellow shank (59.81%) for qualitative traits. The quantitative traits such as body weight, body height, body length, body width, wing length, shank length, and toes length were 2.78±0.58 kg, 61.95±3.77 cm, 24.93±1.66 cm, 16.62±1.91 cm, 41.85±2.52 cm, 12.72±0.77 cm, and 8.39±0.66 cm, respectively. The highest positive correlation was recorded between neck plumage and back plumage (r=0.70; p<0.01). Moreover, body weight was the highest correlation with wing length (0.58; p<0.01) whereas body length was the highest positive correlation with wing plumage (0.21; p<0.01). However, beak and comb had no significant effect on all traits (p>0.05) except for neck, back and wing plumage, long curving tail, back tail and shank color (p<0.05).

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY A NEW OF COMPLEX COMPOSITION COCCIFENAL WITH MIXED COCCIDIO-CAPILLARIOSIS INVASION OF YOUNG DUCKS

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Bittirov ◽  
Pashayev ◽  
Mizova ◽  
Bittirov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Environmentally Safe

New data have been obtained in studying the effectiveness of the new complex composition of Coccifenal in the case of mixed invasion of coccidiosis and capillariosis in young of ducks. Experiments to determine the effectiveness of the new complex composition of Сoссifenal in the case of mixed infection of coccidiosis and capillariosis were carried out on the livestock of young ducks of the Peking breed free-range in the group method. In the farm "Carthage", based on copro-and larvoscopy, young ducks infected with polyinvasion of coccidiosis and capillariasis were selected, of which 4 groups of 15 heads each were formed. In young ducks of a free-range duck, mixed coccidial-capillary invasion occurs with an extensive invasion (EI) of 0.7–12.4% with minimal and average values of the invasion intensity (II). In experiments on the 7th day after group giving with mixed invasion of young ducks, the new complex composition Coccifenal showed high coccidioid and nematodocide efficacy of 100% against 8 types of coccidia and 2 types capillaryin a dose of 0.25 g/kg of body weight, once with feed. The complex composition of Coccifenal, once with feed, is a highly effective coccidicidal and nematodesocidal preparation, is environmentally safe, has no side effects and is recommended for the treatment and prevention of mixinvasion in young ducks.

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