scholarly journals Translational Approach to Induce and Evaluate Verocytotoxic E. coli O138 Based Disease in Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2415
Author(s):  
Luciana Rossi ◽  
Lauretta Turin ◽  
Giovanni Loris Alborali ◽  
Eugenio Demartini ◽  
Joel Fernando Soares Filipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

Pig livestock was influenced by several global concerns that imposed a re-thinking of the farming system, which included the reduction in chemical dependency and the development of antimicrobial alternatives. Post-weaning diarrhea and enterotoxaemia caused by Escherichia coli, are serious threats that are responsible for the economic losses related to mortality, morbidity and stunted growth in weaning piglets. The aim of the study was to set up experimental conditions to simulate the simultaneous outbreak of post-weaning diarrhea and enterotoxaemia in weaned piglets, through verocytotoxic O138 Escherichia coli challenge, with a multidisciplinary approach. Eighteen piglets susceptible to F18 VTEC infection were selected by polymerase chain reaction for polymorphism on the fucosyltransferase 1 gene and randomly divided in two experimental groups, non-infected controls (C; n = 6) and infected ones (I; n = 12) and housed into individual pens at the same environmental conditions for 29 days. At day 20, I pigs were orally inoculated with Escherichia coli O138 and fed a high protein ration for 3 days. Zootechnical, clinical, microbiological, histological and immunological parameters were evaluated along the follow up (3 and 9 days). Experimental infection, confirmed by bacteria faecal shedding of the I group, significantly affected the clinical status. The I group showed significantly higher total scores, corresponding to medians of the sum of daily scores from days 1 to 3 (Σ3) and 1 to 9 (Σ9) post infection, epiphora, vitality, hair irregularity, oedema and depression. Histological examination showed evident inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, and follicular hyperplasia in I pigs; in the same group, the immunohistochemical and immunological assays revealed an increase in IgG in the intestinal crypts and CD3-positive T cells in intestinal epithelium. The experimental Escherichia coli infection in controlled conditions is crucial for both the evaluation of innovative compounds and the elucidation of the mechanisms associated with the persistence of antibacterial resistant strains. In conclusion, the adopted infection model, carried out on receptor-mediated susceptible piglets, allowed us to identify a discriminative panel of clinical symptoms related to Escherichia coli O138 infection, and could be used to assess the protective effect of antibiotic alternatives.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection Model for Post-Weaning Diarrhea by Controlling for Bacterial Adhesion, Pig Breed and MUC4 Genotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Hiroki Matsumoto ◽  
Masashi Miyagawa ◽  
Sayaka Takahashi ◽  
Ryouichi Shima ◽  
Takayuki Oosumi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Adhesion Ability ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs and causes significant damage to the swine industry worldwide. In recent years, there has been increased regulation against the use of antibacterial agents in swine due to their health risks. Utilizing experimental models that consistently recapitulate PWD is important for the development of non-antibacterial agents against PWD in pigs. In this study, we established a highly reproducible PWD infection model by examining differences in adhesion of ETEC to the intestinal tissue as well as the association between MUC4 polymorphisms and sensitivity to PWD. Post-weaning diarrhea differences between pig breeds were also examined. The adhesion to enterocytes varied from 104.0 to 106.4 CFU/mL even among the F4 ETEC strains. Experimental infection revealed that PWD can be induced in all MUC4 genotypes after infection with 1010 CFU/pig of highly adherent ETEC, although there were variable sensitivities between the genotypes. Lowly adherent ETEC did not cause PWD as efficiently as did highly adherent ETEC. The incidence of PWD was confirmed for all pigs with the ETEC-susceptible MUC4 genotypes in all of the breeds. These results indicate that high-precision and reproducible experimental infection is possible regardless of pig breeds by controlling factors on the pig-end (MUC4 genotype) and the bacterial-end (adhesion ability).

Potential of the Cnidium monnieri fruits as an immune enhancer in Escherichia coli infection model

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1430-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindu Malla ◽  
Bo Yoon Chang ◽  
Seon Beom Kim ◽  
Hyun Park ◽  
Mi Kyeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Immune Enhancer

N-Hydroxyformamide LpxC inhibitors, their in vivo efficacy in a mouse Escherichia coli infection model, and their safety in a rat hemodynamic assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (24) ◽  
pp. 115826
Author(s):  
Takeru Furuya ◽  
Adam B. Shapiro ◽  
Janelle Comita-Prevoir ◽  
Eric J. Kuenstner ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
In Vivo Efficacy ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

scholarly journals Identification of Genes Required for Avian Escherichia coli Septicemia by Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 2818-2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganwu Li ◽  
Claudia Laturnus ◽  
Christa Ewers ◽  
Lothar H. Wieler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Periplasmic Proteins

ABSTRACT Infections with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause colibacillosis, an acute and largely systemic disease resulting in significant economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. Although various virulence-associated genes have been identified in APEC, their actual role in pathogenesis is still not fully understood, and, furthermore, certain steps of the infection process have not been related to previously identified factors. Here we describe the application of a signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis (STM) approach to identify critical genes required for APEC infections in vivo. Twenty pools of about 1,800 IMT5155 (O2:H5) mutants were screened in an infection model using 5-week-old chickens, and potentially attenuated mutants were subjected to a secondary screen and in vivo competition assays to confirm their attenuation. A total of 28 genes required for E. coli septicemia in chickens were identified as candidates for further characterization. Among these disrupted genes, six encode proteins involved in biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides; two encode iron transporters that have not been previously characterized in APEC in in vivo studies, and four showed similarity to membrane or periplasmic proteins. In addition, several metabolic enzymes, putative proteins with unknown function, and open reading frames with no similarity to other database entries were identified. This genome-wide analysis has identified both novel and previously known factors potentially involved in pathogenesis of APEC infection.

scholarly journals Technical note: novel delivery methods for an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection model in MUC4-locus sequenced weaner pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 4503-4508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha O Sterndale ◽  
David W Miller ◽  
Josie P Mansfield ◽  
Jae C Kim ◽  
Mark O’Dea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Marker Test ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

Abstract An infection model with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) harboring the F4 fimbriae can be used to assess the impacts that various challenges associated with weaning (e.g., dietary, psychological, environmental) have on the expression of postweaning diarrhea. The objective of this study was to develop a novel inoculation method for administering an ETEC culture that would induce a higher proportion of ETEC-F4 diarrhea, in pigs that genetically showed ETEC-F4 susceptibility or resistance. The study was designed as a factorial arrangement of treatments with the factors being 1) partially susceptible or resistant to ETEC-F4 based on genetic testing, and 2) 4 challenge treatments, being a) a conventional liquid broth method using a drenching gun [Positive control (PC)], b) a Syringe method, c) a Capsule method, and d) Negative control [pigs not challenged (NC)]. At 21 ± 3 d of age (mean ± SEM), 48 male castrate pigs (Large White × Landrace) weighing approximately 7.0 ± 1.18 kg were allocated to 4 treatment groups in 2 replicate pens (6 pigs per pen). Initial ETEC-F4 susceptibility was based on a DNA marker test and each treatment group had 9 partially susceptible and 3 resistant pigs. On days 7 and 8 after weaning, pigs were challenged with ETEC (serotype O149:K88; toxins LT1, ST1, ST2, and EAST). On each inoculation day the PC pigs were orally dosed with 9 mL 7.12 × 109 colony-forming unit (CFU), the Syringe pigs with 0.8 mL 6.72 × 109 CFU, the Capsule pigs were orally administered 2 capsules containing 0.8 mL 3.28 × 109 CFU, and the NC pigs 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. Approximately 72 h after infection, 44, 22, 78, and 0% of partially susceptible pigs in the PC, the Syringe, the Capsule, and the NC group had developed ETEC-F4 diarrhea (P = 0.007). Partially susceptible pigs had a higher diarrhea index (DI) compared to resistant pigs (31.5 vs. 4.8, P < 0.001). The NC group had a lower DI compared to the PC and Capsule pigs (3.9, 38.1, and 40.3, respectively, P < 0.005). Following infection, genetically resistant pigs in the Capsule group had a DI of zero and the partially susceptible pigs had a DI of 55.6 (P = 0.014). This study showed that genetically screening pigs and using a Capsule to deliver ETEC-F4 can increase cases of diarrhea and the efficiency of the challenge model. Taken together, these methods have the potential to reduce the number of pigs needed in future experimental infection studies.

scholarly journals Characterization of the pathophysiological determinants of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infection using a challenge model in healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Els van Hoffen ◽  
Annick Mercenier ◽  
Karine Vidal ◽  
Jalil Benyacoub ◽  
Joyce Schloesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

AbstractAn experimental human challenge model with an attenuated diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain has been used in food intervention studies aimed to increase resistance to E. coli infection. This study was designed to refine and expand this challenge model. In a double-blind study, healthy male subjects were orally challenged with 1E10 or 5E10 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli strain E1392/75-2A. Three weeks later, subjects were rechallenged with 1E10 CFU of E. coli. Before and after both challenges, clinical symptoms and infection- and immune-related biomarkers were analyzed. Subset analysis was performed on clinically high- and low-responders. Regardless of inoculation dose, the first challenge induced clinical symptoms for 2–3 days. In blood, neutrophils, CRP, CXCL10, and CFA/II-specific IgG were induced, and in feces calprotectin and CFA/II-specific IgA. Despite clinical differences between high- and low-responders, infection and immune biomarkers did not differ. The first inoculation induced protection at the second challenge, with a minor clinical response, and no change in biomarkers. The refined study design resulted in a larger dynamic range of symptoms, and identification of biomarkers induced by a challenge with the attenuated E. coli strain E1392/75-2A, which is of value for future intervention studies. Addition of a second inoculation allows to study the protective response induced by a primary infection.Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT02541695 (04/09/2015).

scholarly journals The Effect of Mycotoxins in naturally Contaminated Diet on the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-757
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohamed Batikh ◽  
Anwaar Mettwally El-nabarawy ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-salam Shakal ◽  
Abdel-Haleem Mohamed Hegazy ◽  
Eman Anter Morsy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Group B

Contamination of feedstuffs with mycotoxins is considered a huge issue plaguing the poultry sector of Egypt. Therefore, the current study was conducted to examine the effect of the neglected natural mycotoxin contamination of ration on the clinicopathological picture of Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were divided into 5 groups. The first 3 groups (1, 2, and 3) were further equally subdivided into 2 subgroups (A and B). Those in group A were fed on commercial ration treated with antimycotoxin while group B was fed on ration contaminated with mycotoxins. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were inoculated at one-day-old with E. coli O78, O128, and O157, respectively while group 4 was kept as a negative control and fed on a ration treated with antimycotoxin. Finally, group 5 was kept as positive controls and fed on a mycotoxin contaminated ration and inoculated with physiological saline. All groups contained 30 chicks. Results showed that the challenged groups fed on a ration containing mycotoxin had high mortality (23.3%) and also a high feed conversion ratio. Moreover, severe clinical symptoms, postmortem lesions, histopathological pictures, and a high rate of bacterial re-isolation were recorded. The pathological lesions were congestion of the liver, spleen, and kidneys in addition to severe pericarditis, perihepatitis, air sacullitis, ascites, and unabsorbed yolk sac. The histopathological changes included degeneration, necrosis, and liver inflammation with lymphoid depletion in the spleen and enteritis associated with sloughing of the mucosal epithelium. The obtained results were less severe in the challenged groups fed on a ration treated with antimycotoxin indicating combined action of both Escherichia coli and mycotoxins. In conclusion, the obtained results revealed that the mycotoxins even at low concentrations can augment the pathogenisity of Echerichia coli in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli: Old problem, new pathology

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Samokovlija ◽  
Bosiljka Djuricic
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Basic Step ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Real Picture

Even though the presence of Escherichia coli in the organism of humans and animals as a commensal has been known for a long time, attention has been paid to it only recently as the cause of diseases in humans and animals. The disease that is caused by this bacteria is linked to new variants-strains (eg. Verotoxic 0157:H7) which have, due to the toxic effects, a pathogensis and clinical picture that differs from those which have so far been linked to the conventional E.coli. Namely, it has been proved that there is a connection between the presence of certain strains of this bacteria in animals in which there is no occurrence of clinical symptoms, and diseased humans who had come into contact with these animals. Since infection with E.coli is transferred also through food items of animal origin, and in keeping with the valid regulations on hygiene safety of food items, increasing importance is placed on the isolation and identification of this bacteria on the slaughter line. It has also been accepted that it is necessary to apply screening among animal populations, as the basic step in the control and eradication of pathogens. There are few data on the distribution of verotoxic E.coli and the number of reported cases of infection in humans in Serbia, and they do not provide the real picture of the epizootiological-epidemiological situation. Verotoxic E.coli occurred over the past two decades as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Due to the large number of cases that are linked, directly or indirectly, with food items of animal origin, there have been major economic losses as well.

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