scholarly journals The Effect of Mycotoxins in naturally Contaminated Diet on the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-757
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohamed Batikh ◽  
Anwaar Mettwally El-nabarawy ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-salam Shakal ◽  
Abdel-Haleem Mohamed Hegazy ◽  
Eman Anter Morsy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Group B

Contamination of feedstuffs with mycotoxins is considered a huge issue plaguing the poultry sector of Egypt. Therefore, the current study was conducted to examine the effect of the neglected natural mycotoxin contamination of ration on the clinicopathological picture of Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were divided into 5 groups. The first 3 groups (1, 2, and 3) were further equally subdivided into 2 subgroups (A and B). Those in group A were fed on commercial ration treated with antimycotoxin while group B was fed on ration contaminated with mycotoxins. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were inoculated at one-day-old with E. coli O78, O128, and O157, respectively while group 4 was kept as a negative control and fed on a ration treated with antimycotoxin. Finally, group 5 was kept as positive controls and fed on a mycotoxin contaminated ration and inoculated with physiological saline. All groups contained 30 chicks. Results showed that the challenged groups fed on a ration containing mycotoxin had high mortality (23.3%) and also a high feed conversion ratio. Moreover, severe clinical symptoms, postmortem lesions, histopathological pictures, and a high rate of bacterial re-isolation were recorded. The pathological lesions were congestion of the liver, spleen, and kidneys in addition to severe pericarditis, perihepatitis, air sacullitis, ascites, and unabsorbed yolk sac. The histopathological changes included degeneration, necrosis, and liver inflammation with lymphoid depletion in the spleen and enteritis associated with sloughing of the mucosal epithelium. The obtained results were less severe in the challenged groups fed on a ration treated with antimycotoxin indicating combined action of both Escherichia coli and mycotoxins. In conclusion, the obtained results revealed that the mycotoxins even at low concentrations can augment the pathogenisity of Echerichia coli in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation with Escherichia coli phytase for broilers on performance, nutrient digestibility, minerals in the tibia and diet cost

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Gabriel Villela Dessimoni ◽  
Nilva Kazue Sakomura ◽  
Daniella Carolina Zanardo Donato ◽  
Fábio Goldflus ◽  
Nayara Tavares Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Diet Cost

Although phytase has been researched, new enzymes have been produced, leading to different animal responses. In this scenario, the present study proposes to evaluate the inclusion of a bacterial phytase produced by Escherichia coli in broiler diets based on corn and soybean meal, with or without nutrient reductions, on the performance, nutrient digestibility, phosphorus bioavailability, and bone minerals of those animals and on the economic viability of this practice. A total of 896 male broiler chickens were distributed into 32 experimental units, each housing 28 broilers. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design with four treatments (Positive Control (PC)- diet meeting the nutritional requirements of the broiler chickens; Negative Control (NC) with reductions of 100kcal/kg of ME, 0.14% avP and 0.11% tCa; NC + phytase (500 FTU/kg); PC + phytase (500FTU/kg)) and 8 replicates. Phytase increased (p < 0.05) feed intake and body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio in starter (1 to 21 days) and total (1 to 42 days) phases, respectively, compared with Negative Control diet without supplementation. The Negative Control + phytase diet also led to a feed intake similar to Positive Control in the starter and total phases. The inclusion of phytase without nutrient reductions improved (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio in the starter phase, compared to Positive Control diet. There was an increase (p < 0.05) in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and phosphorus and in apparent digestible energy in the Negative Control + phytase diet compared to the Negative Control diet. Phytase supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, and apparent digestible energy compared to Positive Control diet. Ash, phosphorus, and calcium contents were higher in the Negative Control + phytase diet compared with those observed in the Negative Control diet without enzyme (p < 0.05). The Positive Control + phytase diet provided higher ash contents (p < 0.05), but calcium and phosphorus deposition was similar to those obtained with Positive Control diet. Phytase inclusion allows for a reduction in the diet cost per ton of produced feed. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with bacterial phytase produced from Escherichia coli for broiler chickens is recommended, as it provided increases in production performance, nutrient digestibility, and energy metabolizability and a reduction in the diet cost.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

scholarly journals Characterization and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli Associated with Mortality in Broilers and Ducklings in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Islam ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
SML Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Mortality in broilers (6.56%) and growing ducks (11.0%) caused by Escherichia coli was recorded in the experimental flocks study during the period from May to August 2003. E. coli organisms isolated from broiler birds affected with characteristic lesions of omphalitis and yolk sac infection, fibrinous pericarditis and peri-hepatitis , hemorrhagic enteritis, and accumulation of excessive pericardial and peritoneal fluid, whereas from ducks with lesions of hemorrhagic enteritis and extensive epicardial hemorrhages. Each of the 21 isolates collected from broilers and 11 isolates from ducks was characterized by cultural and biochemical studies, of which 8 isolates from broilers and 5 isolates from ducks were tested for antibiotic sensitivity with 9 different antibiotics. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that the isolates were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin but an increasing trend of resistance was recorded in broilers (7 / 9) than duck (4 / 9) isolates. It may be concluded from the results of this study that the high rate of E. coli infection in broilers and ducks along with the high resistance of isolates to antibiotics constitute a threat to the poultry industry in Bangladesh. Key words: Escherichia coli infection; mortality; broilers; ducks; characterization; antibiogram doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1927 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 09-14

scholarly journals Effect of different phytases on the performance, nutrient retention and tibia composition in broiler chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1028-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ptak ◽  
D. Józefiak ◽  
B. Kierończyk ◽  
M. Rawski ◽  
K. Żyła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy

Abstract. The effect of different phytases on the performance response, nutrient utilization and tibia characteristics of chickens was investigated. The five pelleted diets were the following: positive control (PC) with added monocalcium phosphate; negative control (NC) formulated with equivalency values of phytase for Ca and digestible P; and three further diets where different phytases were individually added to the NC diet at 500 FTU/kg. The phytases were derived either from Aspergillus (phytase I), or E. coli (phytases II and III). Compared to PC, the performance parameters, as well as apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), mineral retention, bone breaking force and tibia mineral content were suppressed by the reduction of dietary Ca and digestible P. All phytases enhanced the overall body weight gains and feed conversion ratio in comparison with NC, but none outperformed PC. Only phytase II improved AMEn compared to NC and PC group. However only phytase I outperformed NC group in terms of mineral retention and P retention was higher than phytase II and III. No significant differences were observed in fat digestibility and N retention. Bone strength among phytases did not differ and all improved this parameter compared to the NC diet. However, even though all phytases enhanced tibia minerals content, the improvement was less pronounced with phytase III. Moreover, the differences in all analysed tibia minerals between phytase III and II were significant suggesting that even among 6-phytases derived from and expressed in the same organism, different efficacy or mode of action can occur.

Efficacy of phosphomycin in the control of Escherichia coli infection of broiler chickens

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fernandez ◽  
C. Lara ◽  
R. Puyuelo ◽  
J. Gomez ◽  
J.J. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF GARLIC ON FEED CONVERSION RATIO, CARCASS PHYSIOGNOMIES AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN BROILERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
M. F. Islam ◽  
M. N. Haque ◽  
A. Parvin ◽  
M. N. Islam ◽  
M. N. Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Growth Promoting

One of the widespread spices is garlic which consumed by people of different parts of the world but its valuable growth promoting effect is not sufficiently studied in poultry. Growth promoting effect of garlic in broiler chickens was studied together with its carcass characteristics and blood parameters. Broilers were grouped into four: A (1%), B (2%), C (positive control) and D (negative control).  Aqueous extract of garlic (1% and 2%) was prepared by extraction and were administered with drinking water. A group (1%) shows best performance with regards to body weight gain rather than B (2%), positive and negative control. At the end of experiment (35th day), in A group, the live body weight, dressed weight, feed conversion ratio, liver, gizzard, heart, spleen, and pancreas were 1833.2±2.1g (P<0.05), 1229.7±1.9g (P<0.05), 1.63(P<0.05), 47.13±0.4g, 26.15±0.7g, 9.71±1.8g, 2.21±0.2g, 2.27±0.1g respectively. The mean Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and Packed Cell volume (PCV) were 2.9± 0.1million/cm3,7.5g ± 0.2g, and 25.8 ± 0.6%, respectively. It is recommended that 1% aqueous extraction of garlic shows better growth and improved carcass qualities in broilers.

Effects of Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and microflora composition in broiler chickens

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Tsungyu Hung ◽  
Shu-Yuan Lin ◽  
Tsung-Yu Yang ◽  
Chun-Kuang Chou ◽  
Hsun-Cheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Feed Conversion

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 (B. coagulans) on the performance, intestinal morphology and microflora of broiler chickens. Six-hundred 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into five treatment groups with four replicates for 42 days. There were five dietary treatments: negative control, positive control (antibiotics, 200 mg/kg zinc–bacitracin), 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25 g/kg B. coagulans. Dietary B. coagulans improved feed conversion ratio throughout the entire experimental period compared with the negative control (P = 0.02). Dietary B. coagulans significantly increased the number of lactobacilli (P = 0.01) and tended to decrease coliform bacteria (P = 0.06) in the duodenum. Dietary B. coagulans tended to increase villous height (P = 0.08) but had no effect on crypt depth in the jejunum. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol between groups. In conclusion, the present data indicate that administration of B. coagulans ATCC 7050 improved feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens, possibly via improving the balance of intestinal microflora.

scholarly journals Interleukin gene expression in broiler chickens infected by different Escherichia coli serotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 2727-2734
Author(s):  
Reham Elnagar ◽  
Rasha Elkenany ◽  
Gamal Younis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is the cause of avian colibacillosis, a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of E. coli in diseased chicken broilers, pathological effects of these bacteria, and interleukin (IL) gene expression of different serotypes of E. coli (O78, O26, O44, and O55) on experimentally infected chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 295 organ samples (liver, lungs, heart, and spleen) from 59 diseased broiler chickens were used for conventional identification of E. coli. Chickens were orally infected with one of the following E. coli serotypes (O78, O26, O44, or O55) and examined for clinical signs, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and IL gene expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: E. coli was isolated from 53.2% of broiler chicken organs with a high prevalence in lungs (26.1%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O26, O44, O55, O157, and O127 prevalence of 27.8, 22.2, 16.7, 16.7, 5.6, and 5.6%, respectively. In the experimental design, five groups (G1-G5) of birds were established. G1 served as the negative control group, while G2-G5 were challenged orally with E. coli O78, O26, O55, or O44, respectively. Chickens infected with E. coli O78 or O26 showed significant clinical signs in comparison to the other infected birds. Mortality (13.3%) was only observed in birds infected with E. coli O78. Necropsy of dead birds after E. coli O78 infection showed pericarditis, enteritis, airsacculitis, and liver and lung congestion. More severe histopathological changes were observed in intestines, spleen, liver, and lung from chickens infected with either E. coli O78 or O26 than for birds infected with other serotypes. On the 2nd day post-infection, E. coli challenge, particularly with E. coli O78, displayed significantly upregulated levels of ileal IL-6 and IL-8, but ileal IL-10 level tended to be downregulated in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: This study assessed the application of cytokines as therapeutic agents against infectious diseases, particularly colibacillosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the supplementation of a feed additive as a potential protector against the adverse effects of 2.5 ppm T-2 toxin on growing broiler chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Diaz ◽  
M.L. Vargas ◽  
A. Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Additive Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion

ABSTRACT A trial was conducted to evaluate a feed additive containing epoxidase activity from a bacterium (Mycofix-S) as a potential protection against the adverse effects of 2.5 ppm dietary T-2 toxin in male growing broiler chickens. A total of 144 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were individually wing-banded and allotted into each of the four experimental groups. Group 1: negative control, no T-2 toxin or additive; group 2: Mycofix-S, 2.5 g/kg; group 3: positive control, 2.5 ppm T-2 toxin; group 4: 2.5 ppm T-2 toxin + 2.5 g/kg Mycofix-S. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 28 days (days 1 to 28 of age). Each experimental treatment was replicated 6 times, with 6 birds per replicate pen. Response variables included performance parameters, serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and amylase, relative weight of selected organs and histology of the upper digestive system. T-2 toxin at 2.5 ppm significantly (P = 0.016) decreased the 28-day body weight gain and cumulative feed intake without affecting feed conversion. The feed additive counteracted these adverse effects. Serum enzyme activities were not significantly (P>0.05) affected for the four experimental groups but when data from the groups receiving T-2 toxin was pooled and compared against the pooled data from groups without the toxin a significant decrease in amylase activity was observed in chickens receiving T-2 toxin. The histological examination of the upper digestive system revealed lesions in mouth, esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard and duodenum in the chickens fed T-2 toxin without the additive. Chickens fed T-2 toxin plus the additive showed lesions in the same tissues except in the duodenum. The results of the present study show that the addition of 2.5 g/kg of the feed additive tested protects against adverse effects on performance and also the integrity of the duodenal mucosa.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of HVT-IBD Vector, Immune Complex, and Live IBD Vaccines against vvIBDV in Commercial Broiler Chickens with High Maternally Derived Antibodies

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Sedeik ◽  
Nahed El-shall ◽  
Ashraf Awad ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Hack ◽  
Abdullah Alowaimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) causes increased mortality and severe immunosuppression in commercial chickens. Currently, vaccination mainly used to control IBD. In this study, Group A (n = 30) received the HVT-IBD vector vaccine (Vaxxitek®) s/c and Group B (n = 30) received the immune complex vaccine (Bursa-Plex®) s/c at 1 day of age. Group C (n = 30) received a single dose of intermediate plus vaccine (228E) through the eye-drop route at 14 days of age. Group D (n = 30) was vaccinated twice with the intermediate vaccine (D78) at 12 and 22 days of age by eye-drop. Group E (n = 30) had the same treatment as group D along with the IBD killed vaccine (Nobilis G®) at 5 days of age. The PC (n = 20) and NC (n = 20) groups were non IBD vaccinated birds either challenged or not with vvIBDV, respectively; 20 chicks from each group were challenged with vvIBDV at 4 weeks of age. Based on clinical signs, postmortem gross lesions, histopathological changes, mortality rate, feed conversion rate, serology, bursal and spleen indices, the HVT-IBD vector vaccine administered was found to be safer and provided better protection against the vvIBDV challenge. The use of a killed IBD vaccine at an earlier age in broilers strengthened the protection induced by double doses of intermediate vaccines in broilers with high maternally derived antibodies against the vvIBDV challenge.

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