scholarly journals Effects of Receiving Two Initial Feedings of Colostrum on the Average Daily Gain and Health of Pre-Weaning Group Housed Holstein Heifer Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3209
Author(s):  
Qiu-Di Zheng ◽  
Francisco A. Leal Yepes
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Colostrum Feeding ◽  
And Control ◽  
Daily Gain

We studied the effect on average daily gain (ADG) and health of an additional colostrum feeding to Holstein dairy heifers 12–16 h after the first colostrum feeding, provided within 2 h of birth. Calves (n = 190) with an average birth weight of 38.8 kg (29.5–52.6 kg) were randomly enrolled in blocks to either the control (CON) or colostrum (COL). The CON received 3 L of acidified pasteurized whole milk, and the COL received 3 L of pasteurized colostrum [average: 25.5 (24.7–26.4)% Brix]. Calves were group-housed, weighed, withers height measured weekly. Serum was obtained and analyzed with a% Brix refractometer. Mixed linear models were used to assess the differences in ADG, body weight, and height between the treatment and control. There was no difference in ADG between the COL and CON. However, serum % Brix was higher in the COL group (9.7%) than in the CON group (9.2%). Calves in the COL had more antibiotic treatments for respiratory diseases but fewer antibiotic treatments for otitis than the CON. In conclusion, providing an extra feeding of colostrum did not contribute to ADG of Holstein heifers during the pre-weaning period but did provide them with a higher total serum protein concentration.

280 Descriptive Characteristics of Preweaned Heifer Raising Practices on China Dairy Farms: Colostrum Quality, Passive Transfer Status and Growth Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Wenli Guo ◽  
Rong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Report System ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Few data are available on the descriptive characteristics of colostrum quality, passive transfer status and growth performance within a national population in China. This study included 110 dairy operations in 23 provinces, and data were obtained from management software, report system and questionnaires from 2015 to 2019. Data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.0, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The results showed that colostrum quality was measured in 96.4% of farms and colostrum was pasteurized in 91.8% of farms. 83.6% of colostrum was excellent (Brix > 22%). Colostrum could be fed to calves within 1 hour after birth in 86.4% of farms. Besides, calves that experienced failure of passive transfer (serum total protein < 5.2 g/dl) decreased from 2015 to 2019 and accounted for 0.75% of calves in 2019. Most farms (48.8%) feed 400 kg - 600 kg milk during the preweaning period and whole milk was the main type of liquid diet accounting for 70.6% of farms. Meanwhile, 22.0% of farms chose to feed forage before weaning, and 90.1% of these farms fed oat hay. The average birth weight of calves was 37.8 kg and the average daily gain of preweaning calves was 848.3 g/d. For preweaning calves, the proportion of single housing was more than 60%, whereas postweaning calves were mainly raised in groups. The morbidity of preweaning calves in China decreased annually, from 43.3% in 2015 to 25.4% in 2019. Digestive diseases and respiratory diseases were two main diseases, and accounted for 46.0% and 38.4%, respectively. This study provides an overview on dairy calves raising practices in China.

Synovex® H as a prenatal androgenizing agent in beef cattle: Effects on the implanted pregnant heifer

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Aldrich ◽  
L. L. Berger ◽  
D. J. Kesler ◽  
D. B. Faulkner ◽  
J. W. Castrée
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol Levels ◽  
Pregnancy Hormones

A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Synovex® H as an agent for prenatal androgenization in beef cattle. Thirty Charolais-cross heifers, exposed to a fertile bull during a 55-d spring breeding season, were randomly assigned to a control group or implanted with three times the normal dose of Synovex® H between days 20 and 75 of gestation. Serum concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone, calving rate, and growth performance were determined in the pregnant heifers. Testosterone levels were greater (P < 0.001) in treated heifers than in control heifers. Synovex® H treatment had no affect on estradiol levels. Progesterone levels were lowered (P < 0.05) in treated heifers. Synovex® H treatment decreased (P < 0.05) calving rate and birth weight of calves born to treated heifers. Calving ease scores were not affected by Synovex® H treatment. Weight was not affected; however, average daily gain was improved 7% by Synovex® H treatment (0.88 vs. 0.82 ± 0.04 kg d−1, treated and control heifers, respectively). These results are interpreted to suggest that Synovex® H is not an appropriate androgenizing agent for cattle due to adverse effects on progesterone concentrations during pregnancy and on calving rate. Key words: Cattle, prenatal androgenization, Synovex® H, pregnancy, hormones

scholarly journals Effect of Birth Weight and Sex on Pre-Weaning Growth Rate of Piglets

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Škorjanc ◽  
M. Brus ◽  
M. Čandek Potokar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract. A study was conducted to find out the effect of birth weight and sex on growth rate of piglets in pre-weaning period. A total of 466 piglets from 48 litters of multiparous sows (Landrace) were involved in the experiment. Using a clustering approach piglets were assigned into three birth weight groups (Heavy (H), Intermediate (I), Light (L)). For the analysis of growth performance, pigs were weighed every 7 days until weaning at 28 days of age and average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. During lactation, body weight of L piglets was 5.5-fold increased, whereas the increase in I and H piglets were only 4.7-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively. Piglets of L group were significantly lighter at all studied ages compared to piglets of I and H group. The highest ADG was noted in the second week for all three groups; thereafter it decreased in H and L piglets (24% and 17%, respectively). The average birth weight of piglets was positively and significantly correlated with body weight at days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Sex did not affect significantly the ADG of the investigated animals during the four weeks of lactation. The present results indicate that neither milk production after the second week of lactation nor consumption of creep feed are sufficient enough to cover nutrition needs of fast growing piglets. There’s still a lack of optimization of nutrition in pre-weaning period especially for heavier piglets with their higher growth potential.

scholarly journals Features of fish breeding in water with electrochemical redox potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Anna Bakhareva ◽  
Yulia Grozesku ◽  
Adelya Zhandalgarova ◽  
Yulia Sergeeva ◽  
Alexey Mazlov
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Electrochemical Redox ◽  
And Control ◽  
Significant Factors

One of the most significant factors in regulating the parameters of redox reactions occurring in any liquid medium is the electron activity or redox potential (RP) of this medium. Water that has a negative RP is easily absorbed by the body and replenishes the cells with lost negative charges and energy. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the hydrochemical parameters in the experimental and control variants were within the standard values for growing tilapia juveniles. It was found that the redox potential of the blood of juvenile tilapia has a negative value of - 96 mV. It is recorded that at a sufficiently low water temperature for thermophilic tilapia (21 °C) and at a negative RP (-212 mV), a high growth rate of fish is observed. It was found that the use of water with a redox potential of -100 mV is the most effective, since the linear weight gain of juveniles increases by 41 % in comparison with the control. Tilapia juveniles grown in structured water have the highest levels of hemoglobin (62-64 g/l) and total serum protein (13.3-14.3 g/l).

Effect of frequency of feed delivery on the feeding behaviour, growth, and rumen temperature of limit-fed dairy heifers

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
A. M. Greter ◽  
O. Alzahal ◽  
T. F. Duffield ◽  
B. W. McBride ◽  
T. M. Widowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Rumen Temperature ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Time Spent Feeding ◽  
Daily Gain

Greter, A. M., AlZahal, O., Duffield, T. F., McBride, W. B., Widowski, T. M. and DeVries, T. J. 2014. Effect of frequency of feed delivery on the feeding behaviour, growth, and rumen temperature of limit-fed dairy heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 11–20. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect that frequency of provision of feed, provided in a restricted amount, had on feeding and lying behaviour, growth, and rumen temperature of growing dairy heifers. Twenty-four Holstein heifers (178.2±9.3 d of age; mean±SD), divided into six groups of four, were assigned to each of three treatments using a 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods (21-d adaptation, 7-d data collection). Treatments were delivery of daily allotment of total mixed ration (fed at 2.0% of body weight): (1) once per day (1×; 0800), (2) twice per day (2×; 0800 and 1600), and (3) four times per day (4×; 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000). Average daily gain (ADG) was similar across treatments (0.8 kg d−1). There was a tendency for within-pen variation of ADG (average, per pen, of the absolute difference between individual heifer ADG and pen mean ADG) to be greater with 4× (0.3 kg d−1) and 2× (0.3 kg d−1) compared with 1× (0.2 kg d−1). Both feeding (63.1 vs. 44.2 vs. 51.5 min d−1) and unrewarded (presence at the feed bunk when no feed was present; 49.5 vs. 27.7 vs. 33.1 min d−1) time at the feed bunk decreased with increasing frequency of feed delivery (1×, 2×, and 4×, respectively). Frequency of displacements (3.1 displacements d−1) and number of displacements per unit of feeding time (0.06 displacements min−1) were similar between treatments. Lying time was similar between treatments (802.5 min d−1), while there was an increase in the amount of time spent standing without eating as frequency of feed delivery increased (558.9 vs. 590.0 vs. 604.7 min d−1 for 1×, 2×, and 4×, respectively). Thus, feeding 1× d−1 may prove beneficial for limit-fed heifers as it increases the time spent feeding, and decreases time spent standing without eating and within-pen variation in ADG.

Role of Infrared lamps in cold stress alleviation during winter in Murrah calves

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Showkat A. Bhat ◽  
Bharat Bhushan ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
S. A. Lone ◽  
Pranay Bharti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Stress Alleviation ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Infrared Lamps

The main aim of this study was to determine the role of Infrared lamps in cold stress alleviation during winter in Murrah calves. Ten newborn calves were randomly divided into two groups (G1 and G2) of five each. The calves of G1 were provided with no additional protection; however calves of G2 were protected against cold weather by using Infrared lamps. The body weight (kg) of calves was recorded at weekly interval. The blood samples collected at fortnightly interval were analyzed for Packed Cell volume (PCV, %), hemoglobin (Hb, g/dl), Total Serum Protein (TSP, g/l), albumin (g/l), globulin (g/l) and albumin globulin (A:G) ratio and hormones viz., triiodothyronine (T3, ng/ml), thyroxine (T4, ng/ml) and cortisol (ng/ml). The total body weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in G2 as compared to G1. The PCV values were significantly (P<0.05) higher on day 15 and day 45 in G1 than G2. The albumin and A:G Ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher on day 60 and 45, respectively in G1 than G2. The cortisol levels were higher in G1 than G2 and differences were highly significant (P<0.01) on 15th day and significant (P<0.05) on 45th day. Significantly (P<0.01) higher values of T3 and T4 were observed on 15th and 45th day in G1 as compared to G2. On the basis of the results, it may be concluded that Infrared lamps can be effectively used to protect newborn calves from adverse conditions of winter and to improve their body growth performance.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PREPUBERTAL DAIRY HEIFERS ON LOW OR HIGH β-CAROTENE DIETS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-489
Author(s):  
F. R. TEKPETEY ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Β Carotene

Twenty 5-mo-old heifers were assigned randomly to either a no-carotene or a carotene-supplemented grain ration (2–2.5 kg head−1 d−1) for a 10-mo trial to investigate the effect of β-carotene deficiency on pre and postpuberal reproductive performance. All heifers received, ad libitum, a low-carotene basal forage of corn silage, weathered hay and/or straw. Mean serum β-carotene and vitamin A were higher (P < 0.05) in the carotene-supplemented heifers. Beta-carotene supplementation improved (P < 0.05) overall average daily gain, but had no effect on mean age and body weight at puberty, estrous cycle length and services per conception. Mean serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) estradiol-17β, LH and FSH from prepuberty to day 17 of the first estrous cycle were not affected by β-carotene supplementation. Total P4 output during the estrous cycle did not differ between control and β-carotene-supplemented heifers. However, intensity of estrus was weaker (P < 0.01) and interval (h) from LH peak to ovulation was longer (P < 0.01) in the control (low-carotene) heifers. Key words: β-carotene, vitamin A, reproductive performance, prepubertal dairy heifers

MASS SELECTION FOR POST-WEANING GROWTH IN SWINE. IV. SELECTION RESPONSE AND CONTROL POPULATION STABILITY

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-790
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
I. GARNETT
Keyword(s):  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Selection For ◽  
And Control ◽  
Daily Gain

Recurrent mass selection for post-weaning average daily gain was practiced for 11 generations in a population of Lacombe swine. Response to selection was assessed from predicted response, 0.241 ± 0.023 kg; observed response, 0.146 ± 0.018 kg; estimated heritability, 0.327 ± 0.031; and realized heritability, 0.198 ± 0.016. Observed response was estimated to be 0.61 of the predicted. Examination of additive genetic variance, selection differentials, drift variance, inbreeding and regression of post-weaning average daily gain on generation time indicated that the pedigreed Yorkshire control population served as an adequate control. Gene effects were not found to be dependent on the sex of the organism as assessed by the genetic correlation between sexes, covariance between half-sib family means and the relative magnitude of parent–offspring-based estimates of heritability.

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