scholarly journals Effects of Bulk Tank Milk, Waste Milk, and Pasteurized Waste Milk on the Intake, Ruminal Parameters, Blood Parameters, Health, and Performance of Dairy Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3552
Author(s):  
Sabrina de Freitas Vieira ◽  
Sandra Gesteira Coelho ◽  
Hilton do Carmo Diniz Neto ◽  
Hemily Cristina Menezes de Sá ◽  
Barbara Pironi Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Waste Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bulk tank milk (BTM), WM, and PWM on the intake, ruminal parameters, blood parameters, health, and performance of dairy calves. Forty-five male crossbred dairy calves (Gyr × Holstein) were used. On their fourth day of age, animals were grouped according to body weight, serum protein levels, and genetic composition. Three treatments were assessed: BTM (n = 15), WM from cows in antibiotic treatment (n = 15), and PWM via high-temperature, short-time pasteurization (72–74 °C for 16 s) (n = 15). During the experimental period (from 4 to 60 d of age), animals were fed 6 L of milk/d, divided into two equal meals. Water and concentrate were provided ad libitum. Daily measurements were made for milk, concentrate, and water intakes, as well as for fecal and respiratory scores. Rumen fluid and blood were sampled weekly. The following parameters were evaluated: volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH and ammonia-N in rumen fluid, and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose in blood. Animals were weighed at birth, 4 d of age, and weekly up to 60 d of age. At the end of the experimental period (60 ± 1 d), all animals were euthanized for pulmonary evaluation. The randomized complete design with an interaction between treatment and week was the experimental method of choice for testing the hypothesis of the treatment’s effect on all evaluated outcomes. Animals in the BTM treatment had higher milk dry matter intake (DMI), followed by WM and PWM calves. Concentrate DMI was lower for BTM in comparison to WM and PWM calves. However, total DMI showed no significant differences between treatments. The rumen fluid from calves receiving PWM had higher concentrations of acetate and propionate than that of BTM and WM animals. No differences were observed between treatments for blood glucose and BHB concentrations. Health parameters (fecal and respiratory scores) and pneumonia occurrence showed no significant difference between treatments. No differences were observed for average daily gain (ADG) or body growth. Feeding WM and PWM did not show significant negative effects on the intake, ruminal parameters, blood parameters, health, or performance of dairy calves.

Evaluation of ketogenic vs. glucogenic substrates as energy sources in starter diets for Holstein dairy calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Beiranvand ◽  
M. Khorvash ◽  
G. R. Ghorbani ◽  
A. Homayouni ◽  
L. Bachmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Waste Milk ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Holstein Calves

Beiranvand, H., Khorvash, M., Ghorbani, G. R., Homayouni, A., Bachmann, L. and Kargar, S. 2014. Evaluation of ketogenic vs. glucogenic substrates as energy sources in starter diets for Holstein dairy calves. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 717–723. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the inclusion of granular sugar and sodium propionate as ketogenic and glucogenic substrates, respectively, in calf starter diets on the performance, weaning age, rumen fermentation characteristics and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (βHBA). Twenty-one newborn male Holstein calves were housed in individual pens until 10 wk of age, receiving starter ad libitum, fresh water free choice, and fed four liters of pasteurized waste milk daily until weaning. Calves were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) no supplemental additive (Control); (2) granular sugar (5% of dietary DM; Sugar); and (3) sodium propionate (5% of dietary DM; Propionate). Overall, no differences were observed among treatments for starter intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, day of weaning, body weight at weaning and at the end of the study. Body measurements including body length, hip height, hip width, and heart girth were remained unchanged among treatments. Ruminal fluid pH (5.36 to 5.58) and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (93.1 to 101.6 mM), acetate (43.6 to 53.1 mM), propionate (30.5 to 35.1 mM), and ratio of acetate to propionate (1.42 to 1.89) were not affected by treatments over the experimental period. However, the concentration of butyrate was greater at 35 and 70 d of age in calves receiving Sugar compared with calves receiving Propionate, but not compared with the Control. Greater blood βHBA at 45, 60 and 70 d of age was noticed in calves fed Sugar compared with those fed Control and Propionate. In conclusion, according to the concentrations of supplemental ketogenic and glucogenic substrates used in the current experiment, sugar and sodium propionate in starter diets did not improve calf performance.

scholarly journals Ethological activities, ruminal parameters and weight gain of calves supplemented with different amounts of sodium chloride

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 803-806
Author(s):  
Pedro Malafaia ◽  
Rosane Scatamburlo Lizieire ◽  
Paula Barroso Cruz ◽  
Paulo Vargas Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Significant Difference

The daily weight gain, behavioral activities (grazing, ruminating and water consumption) and the number of rumen protozoa, pH, NH3, and the osmolarity of rumen fluid was evaluated for four groups of six calves HPB/Zebu submitted to daily intake of 15, 30, 60 and 90g of NaCl during 135 days (9th Jan. to 24th May 2008).Throughout the experimental period the calves were in perfect health condition and did not show any signs suggestive of chronic sodium poisoning. There was no significant difference in average daily gain of the calves as the intake of NaCl increased. No significant behavioral changes were observed in the activities of grazing and rumination. However, there was a noticeable change in the frequency of water consumption in the calves that ingested 90g/d of NaCl; they went more often to the trough and drank more water than the group that ingested only 15g sodium chloride/d. The osmolarity of ruminal liquid was higher in the group of calves fed 90g of NaCl/d. The pH, NH3 concentration and number of rumen protozoa was within the normal range.

scholarly journals Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Teixeira ◽  
Danielle C. Dias ◽  
Guilherme C. Rocha ◽  
Antônio M. Antonucci ◽  
Fernanda M. França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽  
American Bullfrog ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations to the physiological profile (cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters) of Lithobates catesbeianus caused by the stressors density and hypoxia. The organisms were in the prometamorphosis stage and exposed to different tadpole densities: 1 tadpole/L (T1), 5 tadpoles/L (T2), and 10 tadpoles/L (T3) for 12 days. The blood was collected through the rupture of the caudal blood vessel and collected under normoxia (immediate collection) and hypoxia (after 15 minutes of air exposure) conditions. Cortisol levels rose on the fourth and eighth days of treatment and returned to basal levels by the end of the experiment. The stressor mechanisms tested did not affect glycaemia. White blood cells (total number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) showed a significant difference at the twelfth day of the experiment when compared with the start of the experiment. We concluded that, under controlled conditions, a density of up to 10 tadpoles/L and air exposure for 15 minutes did not cause harmful physiological alterations during the experimental period. The answer to these stressors maybe was in another hormonal level (corticosterone).

scholarly journals Association between antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in bulk tank milk and perinatal mortality of Danish dairy calves

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine T Nielsen ◽  
Søren S Nielsen ◽  
Jens F Agger ◽  
Anna-Bodil Christoffersen ◽  
Jørgen S Agerholm
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Danish Dairy

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED RAPESEED MEAL FOR DAIRY CALVES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Treatment of oilseed meals with formaldehyde (FA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the solubility of protein in 0.02 N NaOH and the production of NH3 in the artificial rumen. Ten Holstein and Holstein × Brown Swiss calves of both sexes were fed two test rations containing either 26% untreated or formaldehyde-treated (5.6 g FA per 100 g protein) rapeseed meal (FA-treated RSM) for 14 weeks. Plasma urea nitrogen (N) and rumen NH3 levels were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the FA-treated RSM calves compared with the control calves during the first 8 weeks of the growth trial. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in dry matter consumption, daily gain, or feed efficiency was observed. Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) (mmoles/100 ml) concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in rumen fluid from the control calves compared with those receiving treated RSM. Molar percentages of the VFA’s were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the two groups. In the N balance and digestibility trial, dry matter consumption did not differ significantly (P > 0.05); however, the FA-treated RSM resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) dry matter and crude protein digestibility. Calves receiving the treated RSM had reduced (P < 0.01) urinary N excretion; however, there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on N consumption and retention.

scholarly journals Passive transfer of immunity in dairy calves with additional consumption of immunoglobulin through colostrum supplement: effects in health and performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Ribeiro De Paula ◽  
Giovana Simão Slanzon ◽  
Natália Sobreira ◽  
Carla Maris Machado Bittar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Immune Globulins ◽  
And Performance

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of additional consumption of immuneglobulins associated with high quality colostrum in health and performance of dairy calves. After birth, 80 females were randomly assigned to two treatments: MC) high quality colostrum, supplied in a volume corresponding to 15% of birth weight; and MC+S) high quality colostrum (15% of birth weight) + colostrum supplement. Blood parameters were not affected by the additional supply of immune globulins (Ig) by colostrum supplement feeding. The concentrate and total dry matter intakes were not affected by the administration of colostrum supplementation. The additional intake of Ig through the colostrum supplement did not affect the performance or feed efficiency of calves; however, animals doubled their birth weight at the end of the period, as occurred with MC fed calves. Regarding the health, additional supply of Ig did not affect the number of days with diarrhea, days with fever or medicated days. The additional intake of Ig via colostrum supplement in combination with high quality maternal colostrum have not improved immunity or affected the performance and health of dairy calves.

Dissemination and Characteristics of High-Level Erythromycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecalis From Bulk Tank Milk of Dairy Companies in Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jin Lee ◽  
Koeun Kim ◽  
Young Ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Environmental Pathogens ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

Abstract Background: Enterococci are environmental pathogens that can cause bovine mastitis and macrolides are widely used for the treatment of bovine mastitis caused by staphylococci and streptococci/enterococci. The aim of this study was performed to compare the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of high-level erythromycin-resistant (HLER) Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) collected from bulk tank milk of four dairy companies (A, B, C, and D) in Korea. Results: Although isolates from company D showed the highest prevalence of E. faecalis, the prevalence of HLER E. faecalis in company A (73.1%) and C (57.0%) was significantly higher than company D (33.9%) (P < 0.05). A total of 149 HLER E. faecalis isolates showed high rates of resistance to tetracycline (93.3%), followed by doxycycline (70.0%), and chloramphenicol (48.3%). In the distribution of macrolides resistance genes, 147 (98.7%) isolates carried ermB gene alone, and two isolates carried both ermA and ermB genes. No isolates carried ermC, msrA, msrC, or mef genes. In the distribution of other resistance genes, 72 (48.3%) and 60 (40.3%) isolates carried both tetM and tetL genes, and tetM gene alone, respectively, and 38 (25.5%) isolates carried optrA gene. For aminoglycosides resistance genes, the prevalence of both aac(6′)Ie-aph(2″)-la and ant(6′)-Ia genes (43.0%) was the highest. Moreover, 104 (70.0%) isolates harbored Int-Tn gene carrying the Tn916/1545-like transposon. Although the distribution of ermB gene showed no significant difference between the dairy companies, the prevalence of other resistance genes and transposons showed a significant difference between the dairy companies (P < 0.05). Virulence genes, such as ace (99.3%), cad1 and efaA (each 98.7%), and gelE (83.9%), were also highly conserved in the 149 HLER E. faecalis isolates. Conclusions: Our results indicated that HLER E. faecalis isolates from bulk tank milk showed significant differences in phenotypic and genotypic characteristics between the dairy companies. In addition, the prevalence of resistance genes and virulence factors was also high in HLER E. faecalis isolates.

318 Effect of Initial Providing Time of Oat Hay on Performance, Health, Behavior and Rumen Fermentation in Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 173-174
Author(s):  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Zhijun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract To determine the appropriate time to feed hay to calves, 210 healthy Holstein calves at d 2 were randomly divided into 3 groups: feeding basic diet (starter) without hay (CON), inclusion of oat hay from the second week (H2) or fourth week (H4) in addition to the basic diet. All calves were weaned on d 56 and raised in the same hutches until the end of the experiment (d 70). Calf starter intake and fecal score were recorded daily throughout the experimental period. Body weight, body size, blood and rumen fluid samples were collected every 2 weeks before weaning and once a week after weaning. Inclusion of oat hay in the basic diet (H2 and H4) resulted in increased body weight (P &lt; 0.01) and average daily gain (P &lt; 0.01) throughout the experiment when compared to the basic diet (CON) only. Calves fed oat hay from 2 weeks of life had the highest starter intake (P &lt; 0.01), average daily gain (P &lt; 0.01) in the pre- and post-weaning periods. Body length and heart girth was similar between treatments. The H2 calves had lower diarrhea frequency (P &lt; 0.05) and diarrhea days (P &lt; 0.05) during the post-weaning period. Compared to the CON calves, inclusion of hay increased the rumen pH (P &lt; 0.01), while decreasing the NH3-N (P &lt; 0.01) and tend to decrease the total VFA (P &lt; 0.06) during the entire trial. Calves in H2 treatment spent more time ruminating (P &lt; 0.01), but less time standing (P &lt; 0.05), eating starter (P &lt; 0.01) and engaging in abnormal behaviors (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, calves supplemented with oat hay improved growth rate and rumen fermentation when compared with calves fed only starter, and adding hay from 2 weeks of calves life may be the best choice for the farm to have the greatest growth and health performance.

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress on blood parameters in indigenous sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rana ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
MN Sakib ◽  
A Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heat Stress Condition ◽  
Humidity Index

The research was conducted to study the effect of heat stress on blood parameters in indigenous sheep. Nine sheep were divided into three groups which were almost similar in age, sex and weight. Three groups were divided as zero hour (T0), four hours (T4) and eight hours (T8) heat exposure to direct sunlight. During experimental period temperature–humidity index (THI) value was calculated as 27.09 which indicate T4 and T8 groups were subjected to heat stress condition for at least four hours and eight hours respectively every day. The amount of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb%) and packed cell volume (PCV%) were increased significantly (p<0.05) with the increase of heat stress but the amount of white blood cell (WBC) had no significant difference (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. It can be concluded that heat stress had significant changes on some blood parameters in indigenous sheep. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21253 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 91-94, June 2014

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