318 Effect of Initial Providing Time of Oat Hay on Performance, Health, Behavior and Rumen Fermentation in Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 173-174
Author(s):  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Zhijun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract To determine the appropriate time to feed hay to calves, 210 healthy Holstein calves at d 2 were randomly divided into 3 groups: feeding basic diet (starter) without hay (CON), inclusion of oat hay from the second week (H2) or fourth week (H4) in addition to the basic diet. All calves were weaned on d 56 and raised in the same hutches until the end of the experiment (d 70). Calf starter intake and fecal score were recorded daily throughout the experimental period. Body weight, body size, blood and rumen fluid samples were collected every 2 weeks before weaning and once a week after weaning. Inclusion of oat hay in the basic diet (H2 and H4) resulted in increased body weight (P < 0.01) and average daily gain (P < 0.01) throughout the experiment when compared to the basic diet (CON) only. Calves fed oat hay from 2 weeks of life had the highest starter intake (P < 0.01), average daily gain (P < 0.01) in the pre- and post-weaning periods. Body length and heart girth was similar between treatments. The H2 calves had lower diarrhea frequency (P < 0.05) and diarrhea days (P < 0.05) during the post-weaning period. Compared to the CON calves, inclusion of hay increased the rumen pH (P < 0.01), while decreasing the NH3-N (P < 0.01) and tend to decrease the total VFA (P < 0.06) during the entire trial. Calves in H2 treatment spent more time ruminating (P < 0.01), but less time standing (P < 0.05), eating starter (P < 0.01) and engaging in abnormal behaviors (P < 0.01). In conclusion, calves supplemented with oat hay improved growth rate and rumen fermentation when compared with calves fed only starter, and adding hay from 2 weeks of calves life may be the best choice for the farm to have the greatest growth and health performance.

scholarly journals Effect of the Length of Oat Hay on Growth Performance, Health Status, Behavior Parameters and Rumen Fermentation of Holstein Female Calves

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Gibson Maswayi Alugongo ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor Khan ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the length of oat hay on the performance, health, behavior, and rumen fermentation of dairy calves. For this purpose, two hundred and ten healthy two-day-old Holstein dairy calves were randomly allocated into three groups: basic diet (calf starter) without hay (CON), or a basic diet with oat hay at either long (OL: 10–12 cm) or short (OS: 3–5 cm) length cut. The basic diet was fed from day 4, while the hay was offered from day 14. All calves were weaned at day 56 and remained in their individual hutches till the end of the trial (day 70). Calf starter intake and fecal scores were recorded daily. Bodyweight, body size, and rumen fluid samples were collected biweekly before weaning and weekly after weaning. Overall, providing oat hay (OS and OL) in the diet increased the body weight, starter intake, and average daily gain compared to the CON group. Similarly, feeding oat hay improved rumen fermentation. More specifically, hay enhanced the rumen pH and changed the rumen fermentation type. Hay fed calves spent more time on rumination but less time performing abnormal behaviors compared to control. As it can be concluded, feeding oat hay to calves enhances the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and normal calf behaviors, implying improved animal welfare irrespective of the hay length.

scholarly journals Effect of the Initial Time of Providing Oat Hay on Performance, Health, Behavior and Rumen Fermentation in Holstein Female Calves

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Gibson Maswayi Alugongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Time Of Feeding

For determining the appropriate time of feeding hay, 210 healthy Holstein calves at day two were randomly divided into three groups: basic diet (calf starter) without hay (CON), and the inclusion of oat hay from the second week (H2) or fourth week (H4) with basic diet. Calves were weaned on day 56 and raised until day 70. Calf starter intake and fecal scores were recorded daily. The body weight, body size, and rumen fluid samples were collected every two weeks before and once a week after weaning. Compared to the basic diet group, the calves that were receiving oat hay from the second week had the highest starter intake (1086.1 g vs. 925.6 g; p < 0.05), body weight (68.4 kg vs. 63.0 kg; p < 0.01) and average daily gain (0.84 kg/d vs. 0.73 kg/d; p < 0.01) throughout the trial period. Compared to H4, calves received oat hay from the second week reduced the frequency (1.48% vs. 3.57%; p < 0.05) and duration of diarrhea (0.21 days vs. 0.50 days; p < 0.05) during post-weaning. Compared to the CON calves, the inclusion of oat hay from the second week increased the ruminal pH (6.38 vs. 6.19; p < 0.01) during the entire trial and increased the acetate (49.07% vs. 44.44%; p < 0.05) during post-weaning. Compared to the basic diet group, calves in H2 treatment spent more time in rumination (275.2 min/day vs. 133.3 min/day; p < 0.01) but less time in abnormal behaviors (80.5 min/day vs. 207.0 min/day; p < 0.01). In conclusion, calves supplemented with oat hay had an improved growth rate and rumen environment compared to calves fed calf starter only.

scholarly journals Effects of oregano (Oreganumonites L.) aromatic water on rumen microbial fermentation of Holstein calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110-1114
Author(s):  
Serkan ÖZKAYA ◽  
Ozan Emre ALMALI ◽  
Yavuz AYAN ◽  
Sabri ERBAŞ ◽  
Taylan AKSU
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Different Doses

The study aimed to determine the effects of the addition of aromatic oregano water (AOW) on rumen fermentation of Holstein calves. For this purpose, 20 Holstein calves were divided into four groups (n = 5) and fed with three different doses of AOW (1, 1.5, and 2%). The experimental groups were formed as follows; the control group (CNT): milk + starter; G1: 1% AOW supplemented milk + starter; G2: 1.5% AOW supplemented milk + starter; G3: 2% AOW supplemented milk + starter. The rumen fluid was taken from the oesophagus at 60 days of age with the aid of a rumen probe. In acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), and butyric acid (BA) except for total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) (P < 0.05), the numerical differences between the means of the groups were not found statistically significant. The rumen pH values of the groups were not affected by the addition of AOW. Likewise, the difference between the total bacteria and the numbers of protozoa, Entodinum, Diplodinium, Isotrichia, and Daystrichia were not statistically significant. The results of the study showed that the addition of AOW did not have a negative or positive effect on rumen fermentation of the calves.

scholarly journals Productive and metabolic increments of the inclusion of Broussonetia papyrifera to replace maize silage in growing goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Jinling Hua ◽  
Tianfeng Xu ◽  
Quanwen Shen ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Guijuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) on growth performance, rumen fermentation, digestion and meat quality in Huanghuai white goats. Diets were developed with increasing doses of BP to replace maize silage [0% (control), 15% (BP15), 30% (BP30) and 45% (BP45)]. The design was completely randomized with 4 groups of 10 animals each, totalizing 40 animals (aged 150 ± 10 days and body weight of 25.32 ± 0.52 kg). Final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake increased (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as BP increased in the diet. The highest body weight and average daily gain were seen in the BP30 group. Feed conversion ratio also improved significantly (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) with the increasing level of BP. Although the concentration of microbial protein (MCP) in a linear (P = 0.0028) and quadratic (P = 0.0035) fashion with increasing level of BP, however, NH<sub>3</sub>-N in a quadratic (P = 0.0841) fashion with increasing level of BP. Crude protein was increased with increasing BP in the diets (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). Nitrogen intake, urinary excretion nitrogen and nitrogen retention were significantly improved (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) with dietary BP addition in goats. Dietary BP supplementation increased pH (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) and tended to reduce L* (lightness) (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the redness value of meat was significantly improved by BP addition (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). The inclusion of BP in the goat diet promotes growth and increases the digestibility of crude protein in addition to improving the meat colour and rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals Feeding a calf starter containing monensin alone or in combination with an oregano, and cobalt blend to Holstein calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Jinsheng Guo ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Gut health is critically important for growing neonatal calves, and nutritional technologies are needed to prevent disease and stress challenges. Previous work feeding monensin (MON) in combination with an oregano, prebiotic, and cobalt-lactate (EOC) blend had demonstrated improved calf gut health and growth performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of calves fed MON and EOC alone or in combination. Eighty (80) newborn Holstein (37) female and (43) male calves were randomly assigned to one of four treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial (MON and EOC). Treatments were: 1) Control: without MON or EOC added to the calf starter (CS); 2) MON: 50.8 mg/kg CS (Elanco, Greenfield, IN); 3) EOC: 44.1 mg/kg CS (Rum-A-Fresh, Ralco Inc. Marshall, MN); 4) MON + EOC: MON and EOC added to CS. Calves were fed colostrum followed by whole milk through weaning at 42 d, while CS was fed ad libitum through the 70-d experimental period. The MON by EOC interaction was found to be nonsignificant (P &gt; 0.41) for growth performance. Calves fed without or with MON demonstrated similar (P &gt; 0.70) body weight (BW; 68.7 and 68.9 kg without and with MON, respectively), while calves fed EOC demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.01) BW (67.3 and 70.4 kg without and with EOC, respectively) compared with calves fed without EOC. Calves fed a CS containing MON were similar (P &gt; 0.47) in average daily gain (ADG; 0.88 and 0.91 kg/d) compared with calves fed without MON; however, feeding calves a CS with EOC increased (P &lt; 0.01) ADG (0.84 and 0.95 kg/d) by 13% through the 70-d experimental period compared with calves not fed EOC. Frame measurements indicated that the greater ADG was due to increased (P &lt; 0.10) frame growth for calves fed essential oils (EO) compared with calves fed without EO. A MON by EOC interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for serum propionate concentration demonstrated calves fed MON + EOC and EOC were greater (P &lt; 0.05) compared with calves fed Control, while calves fed MON were intermediate and different (P &lt; 0.05). Feeding calves a CS with EOC increased (P &lt; 0.04) immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M concentrations compared with calves fed without EOC. A MON by EOC interaction was detected (P &lt; 0.01) for total tract starch digestibility for calves fed EOC or MON + EOC demonstrating greater (P &lt; 0.05) starch digestibilities than Control-fed calves. These data demonstrate that EOC and MON fed in combination was not beneficial for enhancing the growth performance, but that calf growth performance can be improved with EOC compared with MON.

Effects of dam parity and pre-weaning average daily gain of Holstein calves on future milk production

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hoseyni ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Davood Zahmatkesh ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain

This research communication describes relationships between pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG) and dam parity with future productivity of dairy calves. Higher ADG before weaning has been shown to be related to greater milk production in the first lactation of Holstein calves fed milk replacer. However, data is limited on the relationship between pre-weaning ADG and first lactation performance of Holstein calves fed whole milk. Data of three hundred and thirty-two Holstein calves from 35 primiparous and 297 multiparous cows was investigated to evaluate the relationship between the dam parity and pre-weaning ADG with the first lactation performance. Results indicated that birth (P < 0·01), and weaning body weight (P < 0·001) were greater in calves born from multiparous cows. Neither 305 d milk production nor pre-weaning ADG differed significantly between calves born to primiparous or multiparous cows, although milk yield tended to be higher in the former and ADG higher in the latter. Correlations between 305 d milk yield and pre-weaning ADG, dam parity and birth body weight were low and non-significant, although there was a tendency for a positive correlation between ADG and milk yield.

scholarly journals The effect of different physical forms of starter feed on rumen fermentation indicators and weight gain in calves after weaning

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leoš Pavlata ◽  
Ondřej Šťastník ◽  
Štěpánka Křivová ◽  
Hana Dočkalová ◽  
Lenka Sedláková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Ph

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different physical forms of starter feed on rumen fermentation indicators of calves after weaning and their weight gain. The experiment was performed with Czech Fleckvieh calves after weaning. The calves were fed ad libitum completely pelleted starter feed or texturized starter feed with chopped straw. The rumen fluid samples were collected after a month of feeding the starter feeds. The calves were weighed monthly. The pH, total acidity, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactic acid, ammonia and the number of rumen ciliate protozoa were determined in the rumen fluid samples. The calves receiving the starter feed with straw showed significantly higher rumen pH (6.24 ± 0.51 vs. 5.58 ± 0.30), total volatile fatty acids (98.02 ± 20.46 vs. 61.40 ± 26.51 mmol/l), molar proportion of acetate (61.20 ± 4.87 vs. 50.53 ± 4.66%), and the acetate:propionate ratio (2.38 ± 0.53 vs. 1.34 ± 0.18) and lower molar proportion of propionate (26.55 ± 4.48 vs. 37.92 ± 3.58%) compared with the calves receiving pelleted starter feed. Average daily gain of the calves did not differ significantly. The feeding of starter feed with chopped straw compared with the pelleted starter feed led to better development of the rumen fermentation evaluated by rumen pH, by total volatile fatty acids production, and by the proportion and ratio of acetic and propionic acids. The feeding of starter feed with chopped straw reduced the occurrence of subacute ruminal acidosis in the weaned calves.

Effect of choline chloride with propylene glycol on growth performance, and meat quality in finishing pigs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jiao ◽  
Sang In Lee ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of choline chloride alone and in combination with propylene glycol on the growth performance, meat quality and backfat in finishing pigs. A total of 90 crossbred ((Landrace× Yorkshire)× Duroc) pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 75.15± 1.94 kg were randomly distributed by BW and sex. This 8-week experiment consisted of 3 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment and 5 pigs per pen. The experiment included 3 treatments: CON, basic diet; TRT1, basic diet+0.05% choline chloride; TRT2, basic diet+0.05% biocholine P (chloride chloride and propylene glycol). Body weight was statistically higher (P less than 0.05) in pigs fed TRT2 diet than the CON diet in week 8. During 4 to 8 weeks and overall, the average daily gain (ADG) was significant higher (P less than 0.05) in the pigs fed TRT2 diet than the CON diet. Digestibility of nitrogen was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) at week 4 and week 8, back fat was higher (P less than 0.05) in week 6 and week 8 in pigs fed TRT2 diet than the CON diet. In conclusion, dietary TRT2 can increase the BW, ADG, nitrogen, and backfat in finishing pigs.

301 Milk Replacer Biosalt Supplementation for Neonatal Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
David P Casper
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Holstein Calves

Abstract Neonatal Holstein calves may have limited liver bile production and secretion, which could limit fat digestion and absorption. Eighty 2- to 5-d old Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments using a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: 1) BS0: Control, no biosalt added to milk replacer; 2) BW1/2: BS fed at 0.175 g/d; 3) BS1: BS fed at 0.35 g/d; and 4) BS2: BS fed at 0.70 g/d. Calves were fed 2x/d at 0630 and 1800 h along with free choice water and a 22% CP mini-pelleted calf starter. The MR was fed at 0.567 kg/d for d 1–14, then increased to 0.85 kg/d for d 15–35, and feeding reduced to 1x/d for d 36–42 with weaning after d 42 for the 56 d experimental period. Linear, quadratic and cubic responses were found to be nonsignificant (P &gt; 0.10) body weight (BW), BW gains, average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI). Body weight (59.2, 56.6 58.0 and 58.0 kg for BS0, BS1/2, BS1, and BS2, respectively), BW gains (36.5, 33.1, 33.9, and 34.8 kg), ADG (663.6, 602.0, 616.8, and 633,5 g/d) and DMI (1.25, 1.21, 1.23, and 1.23 kg/d) were similar (P &gt; 0.10) for calves fed all treatments. The number of days (37.4, 38,7, 37.9 and 37.5 d) for calves to achieve 0.90 kg/d CS consumption for 3 consecutive d were similar (P &gt; 0.10) among calves fed all treatments. Feed conversion demonstrated a quadratic response (P &lt; 0.05) with calves fed BS0 demonstrating greater (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversions (0.52, 0.45, 0.49 and 0.50 kg BW gain/kg DMI) compared with calves fed BS1/2 with calves fed BS1 and BS2 being intermediate and similar (P &gt; 0.10). Bile salt supplementation to neonatal Holstein calves fed MR did not enhance growth performance.

scholarly journals Determination of Maintenance Energy Requirements for Fattening Castrated Korean Black Goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Moon ◽  
Yeong Sik Yun ◽  
Na Yeon Kim ◽  
Sanguk Chung ◽  
Qi Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

Twelve adult (10 months old) castrated Korean black goats, with an average initial body weight of 24.98 ± 3.7 kg, were used in this experiment to determine their maintenance energy requirements. Dry matter intakes (g/d, p = 0.945) were not affected by energy levels, but metabolic energy intake (kcal/d, p < 0.002) and average daily gain (g/d, p < 0.001) were significantly increased at higher energy levels. Nutrient digestibility was similar in the treatments, but crude fat digestibility increased with the addition of protective fat powder (p = 0.001). The energy required for fattening the castrated Korean black goats was estimated using the correlation between metabolic energy intake per dietary body weight and average daily gain per dietary body weight. The Y-axis intercept value was calculated to be 108.76 kcal/kg BW0.75 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.6036), which was the metabolic energy requirement for maintaining the lives of the fattening Korean black goats. The estimated energy requirements of the black goat can improve specification techniques, such as the energy level and the amount of feed supply required for domestic black goats.

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