scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism for Coping Styles Complements Traditional Methods for Sex Determination in a Multivariety Endangered Hen Breed

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Carlos Iglesias Pastrana ◽  
Francisco Javier Navas González ◽  
Carmen Marín Navas ◽  
Ander Arando Arbulu ◽  
Antonio González Ariza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sex Assignment ◽  
Population Conservation ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Combining Methods

Sex determination is key to designing endangered poultry population conservation and breeding programs when sex distribution departs from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. A total of 112 Utrerana chickens (28 per variety, partridge, black, white, and franciscan) were selected for hatching day sexing. Sex assignation was performed through 10 methods. Three sex assignment criteria comprised criteria found in literature, opposite criteria to that in the literature, and composite criteria combining methods reporting the highest predictive success from the previous ones. This study aims to determine which method combinations may more successfully determine sex across the four varieties of Utrerana endangered hen breed to tailor noninvasive early specific models to determine sex in local chicken populations. Although the explanatory power of the three assignation criteria is equal (75%), assignation criteria 2 resulted to be the most efficient as it correctly assigns males more frequently. Only methods 3 (English method), 5 (general down feathers coloration), 7 (wing fan), and 10 (behavior/coping styles) reported significant differences regardless of the variety, hence, are appropriate for early sexing. Sex confirmation was performed at 1.5 months old. Identifying sex proportions enhances genetic management tasks in endangered populations, complementing more standardized techniques, which may result inefficient given the implicit diversity found in local populations.

scholarly journals Isolation And Characterization Of 45 SNP Markers In Triplophysa Tenuis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Liu ◽  
Yeyu Chen ◽  
Jiansheng Lai ◽  
Hongyu Ke ◽  
Zhongmeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Polymorphic Snps ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Population Conservation ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

Abstract Triplophysa tenuis is an endemic species to China, which mainly distributed in Xinjiang and Gansu province. Effective conservation and management of this species is limited by insufficient molecular markers. In the present study, we reported the isolation and characterization of 45 SNP markers in T. tenuis. The minor allele frequency ranged from 0.046 to 0.500, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.061 to 0.667 and 0.088 to 0.508, respectively. Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.083 to 0.375. Among these SNPs, three loci showed significant departures from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The novel polymorphic SNPs will be helpful for the future study on genetic management and population conservation for this species.

scholarly journals Assessment of seed quality and sex determination in hop seedlings using molecular markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e45
Author(s):  
Marília Pereira Machado ◽  
Andreza Cerioni Belniaki ◽  
André Felipe Bernert ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
João Carlos Bespalhok Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Male Specific

Brazil is the world's third largest beer consumer and currently imports all of its hops for the brewing industry. Such a fact justifies the selection of hop genotypes adapted for cultivation locally, which requires high quality seeds and efficient sex determination of the seedlings. The objectives of this study were to develop a methodology to assess hop seed quality and to efficiently determine hop seedling sex through the use of male-specific molecular markers. Freshly harvested hop seeds were germinated with and without pre-chilling (3-5 ° C) for 3, 6 and 12 weeks and then germinated at 20 or 25 ° C in the presence or absence of light, evaluating germination percentage and germination speed index. F1 progenies were obtained from after seed germination in a greenhouse and seedlings sex was determined using male-specific molecular markers. The best conditions for physiological quality assessment of hop seeds used in the present study were pre-chilling for 12 weeks, followed by germination at 25 ° C, and normal seedling counts at 7 and 15 days. The progeny submitted to molecular marker sexing was composed of 61.3% female plants. The established methodologies presented here can be considered efficient and may contribute to expedite hops breeding programs.

364 AMPLIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF THE HMG BOX OF BOVINE SRY GENE FOR SEX DETERMINATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
W. Lu ◽  
N. Rawlings ◽  
J. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Sry Gene ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Hmg Box ◽  
Reverse Primer ◽  
First Time ◽  
Forward Primer

A fast and reliable method for bovine sexing has been developed through amplification of the bovine high motility group (HMG) box of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome gene (SRY). We describe a similar PCR-based method, which involves amplification of the HMG-box sequence of the bovine SRY gene with optimized PCR parameters and apply it to bovine sex-determination. Oligonucleotide primers were designed according to the conserved bovine SRY HMG box sequence motif (Gen-Bank Accession NM-011564); the forward primer was 52-CACGCATCTTACTTCCTCCCCTTTTAAAAG-32 and the reverse primer was 52-AGACGCCTTTGTTGAGCGAGAGTAAGGAAG-32. In agarose gel electrophoresis, a normal bull showed 1 SRY band, and a normal cow showed no SRY band. After optimization, the PCR procedure for sex determination was applied to 14 embryo biopsies. The biopsied embryos were transferred into 14 recipient cows on the same day (Day 7 of the estrus cycle) that the embryos were collected and sex of the calf was confirmed after parturition. Nine calves were born and anatomical sex corresponded to the sex determined by PCR in all cases (100% accuracy). Thus, this study showed for the first time that the present method can be applied in bovine breeding programs to facilitate manipulation of the sex ratio of offspring and also allows a quick diagnosis for the XY-bovine offspring by amplification of the HMG box of the bovine SRY gene. This method also differs from that of Thomsen and Poulsen working with pigs and Mara in which the sex of in vitro-produced ovine embroys was determined by duplex PCR.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of fifteen microsatellite loci in Brazilian (blue-egg Caipira) chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Vieira Fonteque ◽  
Jaqueline Battilana ◽  
Ediane Paludo ◽  
Carlos André da Veiga Lima-Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Marker Locus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic polymorphism of fifteen microsatellites loci in Brazilian (blue-egg Caipira) chickens. Samples were collected from 100 blue eggs of Caipira chickens from rural properties in the city of Dois Lajeados, RS. After DNA extraction, the fragments related to molecular markers LEI0248, LEI0221, LEI0214, LEI0192, LEI0217, LEI0254, LEI0194, LEI0212, MCW0371, ADL0278, LEI0234, MCW0183, MCW0216, MCW0330 and MCW0081 were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The statistical analysis were carried out with the softwares ARLEQUIN 3.5 version and CERVUS 3.0.3 version. The allelic and genotypic frequencies, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, estimates of observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) were obtained for each marker locus. A total of 186 alleles from 15 loci were obtained, with sizes ranging of 83 to 490 base pairs. The medium number of alleles was 12.4, the HE was 0.76±0.14 and HO was 0.49±0.21 and PIC was 0.706. The first conclusion is that the microsatellites used are polymorphic and can be used to genetic studies in chickens. The second is that the "Caipira" chicken (blue eggs) population investigated has a great genic variability, which makes than an important source of genetic resources for future animal breeding programs.

scholarly journals Parental selection based on molecular information under a population genetics approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Renato Domiciano Silva Rosado ◽  
Ana Maria Cruz Oliveira ◽  
Iara Gonçalves Santos ◽  
Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dissimilarity Measures ◽  
Average Potential ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Sexual Processes

The correct choice of parents that will compose optimal segregating populations is the key to success for breeding programs. It was postulated the hypothesis that this choice of these parents could be made based on information of molecular markers analyzed in the context of population structure. Ten parental populations were simulated and 45 hybrid combinations were obtained from the dialel crosses. Each population consisted of 200 individuals with 50 independent loci. The populations were evaluated for the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), Coefficient of Inbreeding (F), Heterozygosity (H), and the Polymorphic Information Content (PIC). Genetic diversity between pairs of parental populations was evaluated using five dissimilarity measures. Values of Mantel correlation were obtained for the pairs of the dissimilarity matrices, and the PIC, H, and F values ​​were obtained in the hybrid combinations. All parental populations were under HWE, and the combination that emerged from this condition was the hybrid 3x5, with only 26% of the loci manifesting HWE. This same hybrid was among those with lower F estimates and higher values ​​of H, which indicated the existence of greater divergence between their parentals. There was agreement on the indication of the more and less divergent hybrid combinations for the dissimilarity measures. This fact is important because the variability, associated with the good average potential, are important criteria for the formation of an initial population in breeding programs of any kind, involving sexual processes.

The Role of Reproductive Technologies in Amphibian Conservation Breeding Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 499-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee J. Silla ◽  
Phillip G. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Amphibian Conservation ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Species Extinction ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Conservation Breeding

Anthropogenic environmental change has led to unprecedented rates of species extinction, presenting a major threat to global biodiversity. Among vertebrates, amphibians have been most severely impacted, with an estimated 41% of species now threatened with extinction. In response to this biodiversity crisis, a moral and ethical obligation exists to implement proactive interventionist conservation actions to assist species recovery and decelerate declines. Conservation breeding programs have been successfully established for several threatened amphibian species globally, aiming to prevent species’ extinction by maintaining genetically representative assurance colonies ex situ while providing individuals for population augmentation, translocation, and reestablishment in situ. Reproductive technologies have enormous potential to enhance the propagation and genetic management of threatened species. In this review, we discuss the role of reproductive technologies in amphibian conservation breeding programs and summarize technological advancements in amphibian hormone therapies, gamete storage, and artificial fertilization.

scholarly journals The effect of injection and topical application of hCG and GnRH agonist to induce sperm-release in the roseate frog, Geocrinia rosea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee J Silla ◽  
J Dale Roberts ◽  
Phillip G Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Amphibian Conservation ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Conservation Breeding

Abstract Reproductive technologies may assist amphibian conservation breeding programs (CBPs) to achieve propagation targets and genetic management goals. However, a trial-and-error approach to protocol refinement has led to few amphibian CBPs routinely employing reproductive technologies with predictable outcomes. Additionally, while injections can be safely administered to amphibians, perceived animal welfare risks, such as injury and disease transmission, warrant the development of alternative hormone administration protocols. The present study investigated the spermiation response of roseate frogs, Geocrinia rosea, administered various doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) via subcutaneous injection. This study also quantified the spermiation response of frogs administered both hormones via topical application. Total sperm, sperm concentration and sperm viability were assessed over a 12-h period post hormone administration. Males released sperm in response to the injection of hCG (88–100% response; 5, 10 or 20 IU), but all samples collected from males administered hCG topically (100, 100 + DMSO or 200 IU hCG) were aspermic. In contrast, males consistently released sperm in response to both the injection (100% response; 1, 5 or 10 μg), or topical application (80–100% response; 50, 50 + DMSO or 100 μg) of GnRH-a. Overall, the administration of GnRH-a was more effective at inducing spermiation than hCG. Mean total sperm and sperm concentration were highest in response to the optimal topically applied dose of 100 μg GnRH-a (mean total sperm = 2.44 × 103, sperm concentration = 1.48 × 105 sperm/ml). We provide novel evidence that topical application provides a viable alternative to injection for the administration of GnRH-a to induce spermiation in amphibians.

scholarly journals VaAPRT3 Gene is Associated With Sex Determination in Vitis amurensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Men ◽  
Ji-Rui Li ◽  
Hai-Lin Shen ◽  
Yi-Ming Yang ◽  
Shu-Tian Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Organ Differentiation ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Sex Marker ◽  
Sexual Identification ◽  
Determination Mechanism ◽  
Made In

In the past decade, progress has been made in sex determination mechanism in Vitis. However, genes responsible for sexual differentiation and its mechanism in V. amurensis remain unknown. Here, we identify a sex determination candidate gene coding adenine phosphoribosyl transferase 3 (VaAPRT3) in V. amurensis. Cloning and sequencing of the VaAPRT3 gene allowed us to develop a molecular marker able to discriminate female individuals from males or hermaphrodites based on a 22-bp InDel. Gene expression and endogenous cytokinin content analysis revealed that the VaAPRT3 gene is involved in sex determination or, to be precise, in female organ differentiation, through regulating cytokinin metabolism in V. amurensis. This study enlarged the understanding of sex determination mechanism in the genus Vitis, and the sex marker could be used as a helpful tool for sexual identification in breeding programs as well as in investigation and collection of V. amurensis germplasms.

scholarly journals Association of the Interleukin-2 gene polymorphism with egg performance in a native turkey population

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Erfaniasl ◽  
Ali Hashemi ◽  
Ghorban Zarringhabaie ◽  
Mohammad Farhadian
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
West Azerbaijan

Interleukin-2 (IL2) is a powerful growth factor for a variety of cell types, including T-cells, and therefore plays a crucial role in immune system's functioning. Polymorphism of the Interleukin-2 gene in west Azerbaijan native turkey was investigated using PCR and single-stranded conformation polymorphism technique (SSCP). Genomic DNA of 185 turkey samples was isolated from whole blood. A 523-bp IL2 second exon with part of the third intron segment was amplified by standard PCR, using locus-specific primers. Three SSCP patterns, representing three different genotypes, were identified. The frequencies of the genotypes were 13.83%, 8.51% and 77.66 % for AA, BB and AB, respectively. Allele frequencies were 52.65% and 47.35 %for A and B respectively. Observed heterozygosity was 0.6196. There was a significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for this locus. Relationships between molecular polymorphism in the second exon with part of the third intron regions of Interleukin-2 and number of eggs, average weight of eggs (g) and weight of egg mass production (g) were investigated. The results showed that the AA genotype was associated with the number of eggs and Weight of egg mass production (g) (P ? 0.01). No correlation between the second exon and part of the third intron Interleukin-2 variants with the average weight of eggs was found (g). We expect that this gene could be a candidate for the genetic improvement of some economic traits in turkey breeding programs.

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