scholarly journals Colistin and Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Aci46 in Thailand: Genome Analysis and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1054
Author(s):  
Nalumon Thadtapong ◽  
Soraya Chaturongakul ◽  
Sunhapas Soodvilai ◽  
Padungsri Dubbs
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Resistance to the last-line antibiotics against invasive Gram-negative bacterial infection is a rising concern in public health. Multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii Aci46 can resist colistin and carbapenems with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 512 µg/mL as determined by microdilution method and shows no zone of inhibition by disk diffusion method. These phenotypic characteristics prompted us to further investigate the genotypic characteristics of Aci46. Next generation sequencing was applied in this study to obtain whole genome data. We determined that Aci46 belongs to Pasture ST2 and is phylogenetically clustered with international clone (IC) II as the predominant strain in Thailand. Interestingly, Aci46 is identical to Oxford ST1962 that previously has never been isolated in Thailand. Two plasmids were identified (pAci46a and pAci46b), neither of which harbors any antibiotic resistance genes but pAci46a carries a conjugational system (type 4 secretion system or T4SS). Comparative genomics with other polymyxin and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains (AC30 and R14) identified shared features such as CzcCBA, encoding a cobalt/zinc/cadmium efflux RND transporter, as well as a drug transporter with a possible role in colistin and/or carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses against MDR ACICU strain showed three novel mutations i.e., Glu229Asp, Pro200Leu, and Ala138Thr, in the polymyxin resistance component, PmrB. Overall, this study focused on Aci46 whole genome data analysis, its correlation with antibiotic resistance phenotypes, and the presence of potential virulence associated factors.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant isolates from patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Jaison Jayakaran ◽  
Nirupa Soundararajan ◽  
Priyadarshini Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain as the most common infection. Catheter-associated (CA) UTI can lead to bacteremia and thereby is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients in our country. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to check the prevalence of CAUTI and study the phenotypic and genotypic characters of the multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary care hospital, with special reference to NDM-1 and OXA-23. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 231 urine samples from patients with CA-UTI in different wards in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 3 months between June and August 2018 were collected and processed following the standard protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disk-diffusion method. Modified Hodge test (MHT) was done to isolate carbapenem-resistant isolates, and polymerase chain reaction was done to detect NDM-1 and OXA-23. RESULTS: Out of 231 samples, 101 samples yielded significant growth. These 38 samples were Gram-negative bacilli which were resistant to carbapenems. Out of the 38 which showed carbapenem resistance, 23 were MHT positive. Out of the 23 MHT-positive isolates, 8 (21.05%) were positive for NDM-1 gene and only 1 (2.6%) was positive for the OXA-23 gene. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that carbapenem-resistant isolates from all the CA urinary tract-infected patients were 52.77% and most of them were Klebsiella. About 21% of them harbored the NDM-1 gene whereas only 2% had the OXA-23 gene. There has been an alarming increase in the spread of carbapenem resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons among the multidrug resistant uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haddadi Azam ◽  
Somayeh Mikaili Ghezeljeh ◽  
Shavandi Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Multidrug resistance is a serious problem in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Horizontal gene transfer, directed by strong selective pressure of antibiotics, has resulted in the widespread distribution of multiple antibiotic resistance genes. The dissemination of resistance genes is enhanced when they are trapped in integrons. Objectives To determine the prevalence of integrons among multidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains collected from regional hospitals and private clinical laboratories in Alborz province. Methods The susceptibility of 111 clinical Escherichia coli isolates was tested using a Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method for common antibiotics. Isolates were screened for the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) using a double disk synergy test. The existence of integrons was confirmed by amplification of the integrase gene and their class determined via analysis of PCR products by PCR-RFLP. Results Isolates showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin. Nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and ceftizoxime were the most effective antibiotics in vitro. Eighty-eight isolates of 111 (79%) were resistant to more than three unrelated drugs. We found 30% of the multidrug resistant isolates harbor integrons. Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 25 and 1 isolates, respectively. ESBL screening of strains showed 45 isolates (40%) were positive; 22% of the ESBL-positive isolates carried class 1 integrons and the frequency of MDR in ESBLpositive isolates was 93%. Conclusion The existence of integrons in only 29.5% of multidrug resistant isolates showed that besides integrons, antibiotic resistance genes were probably carried on other transferable elements lacking integrons, such as transposons or plasmids.

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Typing of Acinetobacter Baumannii Strains Isolated from Burn Patients in Iran

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Nourbakhsh ◽  
Elaheh Tajbakhsh ◽  
Dana Daneshmand ◽  
Samaneh Borooni ◽  
Vajiheh Nourbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Burn Center ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

Background and Aims: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen frequently causing various nosocomial infections and is a serious threat to burn patients. These infections are usually caused by the outbreak strains. The aim of this study was to show antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular typing of A.baumannii genes isolates collected from burn patients and also distribution of different types of burn patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, 307 different strains were detected. Totally 100 A.baumannii strain was selected in burn center of Isfahan hospital. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The presence of genes coding in antibiotic resistance were analyzed by using M-PCR method. The standard strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and A. baumannii ATCC 19606 were used as negative and positive controls. Results: The antibiotic resistance pattern for A.baumannii showed high resistance for ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and tetracycline with frequency of 82.5%, 75.3%, 72%, respectively. Moreover, the most sensitive antibiotics were chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin with the resistance frequency of 3.9% and 2.8%. CITM (91.1%) was the highest detected gene. Conclusions: High prevalence of antibiotic resistance pattern among A.baumannii isolated from burn center hospitals indicates the important role of multidrug resistant isolates.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of the Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strain MDR-ZJ06 Widely Spread in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 4506-4512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Tongwu Zhang ◽  
Dongliang Yu ◽  
Borui Pi ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Island

ABSTRACTWe previously reported that the multidrug-resistant (MDR)Acinetobacter baumanniistrain MDR-ZJ06, belonging to European clone II, was widely spread in China. In this study, we report the whole-genome sequence of this clinically important strain. A 38.6-kb AbaR-type genomic resistance island (AbaR22) was identified in MDR-ZJ06. AbaR22 has a structure similar to those of the resistance islands found inA. baumanniistrains AYE and AB0057, but it contained only a few antibiotic resistance genes. The region of resistant gene accumulation as previously described was not found in AbaR22. In the chromosome of the strain MDR-ZJ06, we identified the geneblaoxa-23in a composite transposon (Tn2009). Tn2009shared the backbone with otherA. baumanniitransponsons that harborblaoxa-23, but it was bracketed by two ISAba1elements which were transcribed in the same orientation. MDR-ZJ06 also expressed thearmAgene on its plasmid pZJ06, and this gene has the same genetic environment as thearmAgene of theEnterobacteriaceae. These results suggest variability of resistance acquisition even in closely relatedA. baumanniistrains.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Resistance Profile of Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter Species from Karachi, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Qurat Ul Ain ◽  
Asma Naim ◽  
Asma Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Resistance Profile

Acinetobacter baumannii causes a variety of infections including pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, peritonitis etc. This organism is developing resistance to a number of antibiotics due to various intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance genes. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter species from Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 111 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and 8 strains of non-baumannii Acinetobacter were isolated from various hospitals of Karachi from September 2013 to December 2014. Identification of the isolates was based on the standard biochemical tests and detection of OXA-51 and OXA-23. Antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was also determined by broth macro-dilution method. Among 111 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, 8 were pan-drug resistant (PDR) and 103 isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) while all non-baumannii Acinetobacter were MDR. The effective antibiotics against A. baumannii were colistin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin with MIC50 value 1, 256, 256, 256µg/ml, respectively. These findings strongly suggest the proper detection and reporting of PDR/MDR Acinetobacter from clinical samples and also the judicious use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is necessary to prevent the further spread of resistant strains of Acinetobacter.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in District Hospital in Central Poland in 2020

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Barbara Kot ◽  
Agata Grużewska ◽  
Piotr Szweda ◽  
Jolanta Wicha ◽  
Urszula Parulska
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and the prevalence of uropathogenes causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients hospitalized in January–June 2020 in central Poland. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk-diffusion method. Escherichia coli (52.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.3%), E. faecium (6.2%), and Proteus mirabilis (4,3%) were most commonly isolated from urine samples. E. coli was significantly more frequent in women (58.6%) (p = 0.0089) and in the age group 0–18, while K. pneumoniae was more frequent in men (24.4%) (p = 0.0119) and in individuals aged 40–60 and >60. Gram-negative species showed resistance to ampicillin. K. pneumoniae were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (75.0%), piperacillin plus tazobactam (76.2%), cefotaxime (76.2%), cefuroxime (81.0%), ciprofloxacin (81.0%), and trimethoprim plus sulphamethoxazole (81.0%). Carbapenems were effective against all E. coli and P. mirabilis. Some K. pneumoniae (13.6%) produced metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). E. coli (22.6%), K. pneumoniae (81.8%), and all E. faecium were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Some E. coli (26.2%), K. pneumoniae (63.6%), and P. mirabilis (14.3%) isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium was also found. This study showed that the possibilities of UTIs therapy using available antibiotics become limited due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens.

scholarly journals Preliminary Results on the Prevalence of Salmonella Spp. in Marine Animals Stranded in Sicilian Coasts: Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and ARGs Detection in the Isolated Strains

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Delia Gambino ◽  
Sonia Sciortino ◽  
Sergio Migliore ◽  
Lucia Galuppo ◽  
Roberto Puleio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Low Prevalence

The presence of Salmonella spp. in marine animals is a consequence of contamination from terrestrial sources (human activities and animals). Bacteria present in marine environments, including Salmonella spp., can be antibiotic resistant or harbor resistance genes. In this study, Salmonella spp. detection was performed on 176 marine animals stranded in the Sicilian coasts (south Italy). Antibiotic susceptibility, by disk diffusion method and MIC determination, and antibiotic resistance genes, by molecular methods (PCR) of the Salmonella spp. strains, were evaluated. We isolated Salmonella spp. in three animals, though no pathological signs were detected. Our results showed a low prevalence of Salmonella spp. (1.7%) and a low incidence of phenotypic resistance in three Salmonella spp. strains isolated. Indeed, of the three strains, only Salmonella subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium from S. coeruleoalba and M. mobular showed phenotypic resistance: the first to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulphamethoxazole, while the latter only to sulphamethoxazole. However, all strains harbored resistance genes (blaTEM, blaOXA, tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), sulI, and sulII). Although the low prevalence of Salmonella spp. found in this study does not represent a relevant health issue, our data contribute to the collection of information on the spread of ARGs, elements involved in antibiotic resistance, now considered a zoonosis in a One Health approach.

Molecular detection of blaOXA-23gene and blaOXA-51 gene in carbapenem resistant strains of Acinetobacterbaumannii in patients with ventilator associated pneumonia at tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2576-2581
Author(s):  
Saima Ishtiaq ◽  
Sidrah Saleem ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Arslan Ahmed Alvi
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Objective: To evaluate carbapenem resistance and to detect blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes in carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumanii isolates recovered from patients having pneumonia secondry to ventilation. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 at the Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised endotracheal aspirates / tracheobroncheal lavage samples from patients irrespective of age and gender who developed pneumonia after being on the ventilator for 48 hrs at the Combined Military Hospital, and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore.  The samples were inoculated on MacConkey and blood agar and aerobically incubated at a temperature of 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolated organisms were further assessed by standard morphological, cultural and biochemical profile. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii were checked for carbapenemase production using Modified Hodge Test. Conventional polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoreses were performed to detect blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes. Data was analysed using SPSS 17. Results: Out of 157 samples, 92(58.6%) yielded growth of bacteria, and, among them, 39(42.4%) were identified as acinetobacter baumannii. All (100%) acinetobacter baumannii cases showed resistance to carbapenem, were producing carbapenemase enzyme, and were positive for blaOXA-51 gene. The blaOXA-23 gene was amplified in 38(97.4%) isolates. Conclusion: BlaOXA-23 gene appeared to be the major cause of carbapenem resistance. Continuous...

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