scholarly journals In-Vitro Inhibition of Staphylococcal Pathogenesis by Witch-Hazel and Green Tea Extracts

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Rasooly ◽  
Adel Molnar ◽  
Hwang-Yong Choi ◽  
Paula Do ◽  
Kenneth Racicot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Witch Hazel ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
The Witch ◽  
Biofilm Development

whISOBAX (WH), an extract of the witch-hazel plant that is native to the Northeast coast of the United States, contains significant amounts of a phenolic compound, Hamamelitannin (HAMA). Green tea (GT) is a widely consumed plant that contains various catechins. Both plants have been associated with antimicrobial effects. In this study we test the effects of these two plant extracts on the pathogenesis of staphylococci, and evaluate their effects on bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and toxin production. Our observations show that both extracts have antimicrobial effects against both strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis tested, and that this inhibitory effect is synergistic. Also, we confirmed that this inhibitory effect does not depend on HAMA, but rather on other phenolic compounds present in WH and GT. In terms of biofilm inhibition, only WH exhibited an effect and the observed anti-biofilm effect was HAMA-depended. Finally, among the tested extracts, only WH exhibited an effect against Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA) production and this effect correlated to the HAMA present in WH. Our results suggest that GT and WH in combination can enhance the antimicrobial effects against staphylococci. However, only WH can control biofilm development and SEA production, due to the presence of HAMA. This study provides the initial rationale for the development of natural antimicrobials, to protect from staphylococcal colonization, infection, or contamination.

scholarly journals A Single B-Repeat of Staphylococcus epidermidis Accumulation-Associated Protein Induces Protective Immune Responses in an Experimental Biomaterial-Associated Infection Mouse Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1206-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yan ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Ma ◽  
David Chiu ◽  
James D. Bryers
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accumulation Associated Protein

ABSTRACTNosocomial infections are the fourth leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, resulting in 2 million infections and ∼100,000 deaths each year. More than 60% of these infections are associated with some type of biomedical device.Staphylococcus epidermidisis a commensal bacterium of the human skin and is the most common nosocomial pathogen infecting implanted medical devices, especially those in the cardiovasculature.S. epidermidisantibiotic resistance and biofilm formation on inert surfaces make these infections hard to treat. Accumulation-associated protein (Aap), a cell wall-anchored protein ofS. epidermidis, is considered one of the most important proteins involved in the formation ofS. epidermidisbiofilm. A small recombinant protein vaccine comprising a single B-repeat domain (Brpt1.0) ofS. epidermidisRP62A Aap was developed, and the vaccine's efficacy was evaluatedin vitrowith a biofilm inhibition assay andin vivoin a murine model of biomaterial-associated infection. A high IgG antibody response againstS. epidermidisRP62A was detected in the sera of the mice after two subcutaneous immunizations with Brpt1.0 coadministered with Freund's adjuvant. Sera from Brpt1.0-immunized mice inhibitedin vitroS. epidermidisRP62A biofilm formation in a dose-dependent pattern. After receiving two immunizations, each mouse was surgically implanted with a porous scaffold disk containing 5 × 106CFU ofS. epidermidisRP62A. Weight changes, inflammatory markers, and histological assay results after challenge withS. epidermidisindicated that the mice immunized with Brpt1.0 exhibited significantly higher resistance toS. epidermidisRP62A implant infection than the control mice. Day 8 postchallenge, there was a significantly lower number of bacteria in scaffold sections and surrounding tissues and a lower residual inflammatory response to the infected scaffold disks for the Brpt1.0-immunized mice than for of the ovalbumin (Ova)-immunized mice.

scholarly journals Green Tea Polyphenols and Padma Hepaten Inhibit Candida albicans Biofilm Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosi Farkash ◽  
Mark Feldman ◽  
Isaac Ginsburg ◽  
Doron Steinberg ◽  
Miriam Shalish
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Green Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Crystal Violet Staining ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Therapeutic Concept ◽  
Biofilm Development

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most prevalent opportunistic human pathogenic fungus and can cause mucosal membrane infections and invade the blood. In the oral cavity, it can ferment dietary sugars, produce organic acids and therefore has a role in caries development. In this study, we examined whether the polyphenol rich extractions Polyphenon from green tea (PPFGT) and Padma Hepaten (PH) can inhibit the caries-inducing properties of C. albicans. Biofilms of C. albicans were grown in the presence of PPFGT and PH. Formation of biofilms was tested spectrophotometrically after crystal violet staining. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) secretion was quantified using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Treated C. albicans morphology was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Expression of virulence-related genes was tested using qRT-PCR. Development of biofilm was also tested on an orthodontic surface (Essix) to assess biofilm inhibition ability on such appliances. Both PPFGT and PH dose-dependently inhibited biofilm formation, with no inhibition on planktonic growth. The strongest inhibition was obtained using the combination of the substances. Crystal violet staining showed a significant reduction of 45% in biofilm formation using a concentration of 2.5mg/ml PPFGT and 0.16mg/ml PH. A concentration of 1.25 mg/ml PPFGT and 0.16 mg/ml PH inhibited candidal growth by 88% and EPS secretion by 74% according to CSLM. A reduction in biofilm formation and in the transition from yeast to hyphal morphotype was observed using SEM. A strong reduction was found in the expression of hwp1, eap1, and als3 virulence associated genes. These results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of natural PPFGT polyphenolic extraction on C. albicans biofilm formation and EPS secretion, alone and together with PH. In an era of increased drug resistance, the use of phytomedicine to constrain biofilm development, without killing host cells, may pave the way to a novel therapeutic concept, especially in children as orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Caspofungin against Candida albicans Biofilms

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 3591-3596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano P. Bachmann ◽  
Kacy VandeWalle ◽  
Gordon Ramage ◽  
Thomas F. Patterson ◽  
Brian L. Wickes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

ABSTRACT Most manifestations of candidiasis are associated with biofilm formation on biological or inanimate surfaces. Candida albicans biofilms are recalcitrant to treatment with conventional antifungal therapies. Here we report on the activity of caspofungin, a new semisynthetic echinocandin, against C. albicans biofilms. Caspofungin displayed potent in vitro activity against sessile C. albicans cells within biofilms, with MICs at which 50% of the sessile cells were inhibited well within the drug's therapeutic range. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to visualize the effects of caspofungin on preformed C. albicans biofilms, and the results indicated that caspofungin affected the cellular morphology and the metabolic status of cells within the biofilms. The coating of biomaterials with caspofungin had an inhibitory effect on subsequent biofilm development by C. albicans. Together these findings indicate that caspofungin displays potent activity against C. albicans biofilms in vitro and merits further investigation for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Growth- and Encystation-Inhibitory Efficacies of Matcha Green Tea and Epigallocatechin Gallate Against Acanthameoba Castellanii

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Ameliya Dickson ◽  
Elise Cooper ◽  
Lenu B. Fakae ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Ka Lung Andrew Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Ftir Microscopy ◽  
Sulforhodamine B ◽  
Chemical Fingerprinting

We examined the inhibitory effect of matcha green tea (Camellia sinensis) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg; the most abundant catechin in tea) on the vegetative growth and encystation of Acanthamoeba castellanii T4 genotype. The sulforhodamine B (SRB) stain-based colorimetric assay and hemocytometer counting were used to determine the reduction in A. castellanii trophozoite proliferation and encystation, in response to treatment with C. sinensis or EGCg. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy was used to analyze chemical changes in the trophozoites and cysts due to C. sinensis treatment. Hot brewed and cold brewed matcha inhibited the growth of trophozoites by >40% at a 100 % concentration. EGCg at concentrations of 50 to 500 µM significantly inhibited the trophozoite growth compared to control. Hot brewed matcha (100% concentration) also showed an 87% reduction in the rate of encystation compared to untreated control. Although 500 µM of EGCg increased the rate of encystation by 36.3%, 1000 µM reduced it by 27.7%. Both percentages were not significant compared to control. C. sinensis induced more cytotoxicity to Madin Darby canine kidney cells compared to EGCg. FTIR chemical fingerprinting analysis showed that treatment with brewed matcha significantly increased the levels of glycogen and carbohydrate in trophozoites and cysts.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage-Mediated Control of a Two-Species Biofilm Formed by Microorganisms Causing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in anIn VitroUrinary Catheter Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 1127-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Lehman ◽  
Rodney M. Donlan
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Species ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Phage Cocktail ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACTMicroorganisms from a patient or their environment may colonize indwelling urinary catheters, forming biofilm communities on catheter surfaces and increasing patient morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the effect of pretreating hydrogel-coated silicone catheters with mixtures ofPseudomonas aeruginosaandProteus mirabilisbacteriophages on the development of single- and two-species biofilms in a multiday continuous-flowin vitromodel using artificial urine. Novel phages were purified from sewage, characterized, and screened for their abilities to reduce biofilm development by clinical isolates of their respective hosts. Our screening data showed that artificial urine medium (AUM) is a valid substitute for human urine for the purpose of evaluating uropathogen biofilm control by these bacteriophages. Defined phage cocktails targetingP. aeruginosaandP. mirabiliswere designed based on the biofilm inhibition screens. Hydrogel-coated catheters were pretreated with one or both cocktails and challenged with approximately 1 × 103CFU/ml of the corresponding pathogen(s). The biofilm growth on the catheter surfaces in AUM was monitored over 72 to 96 h. Phage pretreatment reducedP. aeruginosabiofilm counts by 4 log10CFU/cm2(P≤ 0.01) andP. mirabilisbiofilm counts by >2 log10CFU/cm2(P≤ 0.01) over 48 h. The presence ofP. mirabiliswas always associated with an increase in lumen pH from 7.5 to 9.5 and with eventual blockage of the reactor lines. The results of this study suggest that pretreatment of a hydrogel urinary catheter with a phage cocktail can significantly reduce mixed-species biofilm formation by clinically relevant bacteria.

Abstract 442: Epigenetic Regulation of Ezh2 in Direct Human Cardiac Reprogramming

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Yawen Tang ◽  
Lianzhong Zhao ◽  
Rui Lu ◽  
Jianyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Lower Efficiency

Cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death in the United States. Due to the limited regenerative capacity of adult hearts, the damage caused by heart injury could not be reversed and often progressed into heart failure. In need of cardiovascular disease treatment, many therapies aimed at either cell transplantation or cell regeneration have been proposed. Direct reprogramming of somatic cells into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) is considered to be a promising strategy for regenerative medicine. The induction of cardiomyocytes from non-myocytes has been achieved efficiently via ectopic expression of reprogramming factors both in vitro and in vivo with mice models. However, as human cells are more resistant to the reprogramming process, the generation of human iCMs (hiCMs) has been restricted by the factor that using more complex cocktails generated only functionally immature cells with lower efficiency and longer conversion time. The inefficiency of hiCMs production called for the identification and elucidation of underlying species-specific regulatory mechanisms in human, and removal of the additional epigenetic barriers which might be damping the hiCMs reprogramming. Here, we identified a human-specific epigenetic barrier, Enhancer of zesta homolog 2 (EZH2), via an unbiased loss-of-function screening. With the knockdown of EZH2, the hiCM reprogramming efficiency was significantly increased, accompanied with profound repression of collagen and extracellular matrix genes, which are related to the formation of fibrosis. Consistently, Inhibition of EZH2 catalytic activity via small molecules promotes hiCM reprogramming, suggesting that EZH2’s inhibitory effect was mediated by epigenetic regulation of histone modifications. Therefore, our study revealed a previously unrecognized regulatory mechanism of human cardiac reprogramming, which allows us to overcome the fibroblast fate barriers and ease the cardiac cell fate conversion.

Inhibitory Effect of (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate, a Polyphenol of Green Tea, on Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Vitro and in Vivo

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (14) ◽  
pp. 4571-4576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Takano ◽  
Keiko Nakaima ◽  
Makoto Nitta ◽  
Futoshi Shibata ◽  
Hideo Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Neutrophil Chemotaxis

Streptococcus mutans biofilm inhibition using antisense oligonucleotide to glucosyltransferases B and C

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Povilas Kalesinskas ◽  
Tomas Kačergius ◽  
Arvydas Ambrozaitis ◽  
Ryo Jimbo ◽  
Dan Ericson
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Biofilm Development

Background. Biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans bacteria on teeth leads to dental caries, which still remains one of the most prevalent human diseases strongly related to increase of dietary sucrose consumption in modern society. In the biofilm, sucrose is metabolized by S. mutans to acids causing tooth decay. S. mutans also produces glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) for synthesis of sticky glucan polymers from sucrose that provides matrix for biofilm formation on teeth. For reducing biofilm build-up, one preventive measure could be blocking of Gtf synthesis. The aim of this study was to test antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide (PS-ODN) targeting simultaneously S. mutans gtfB and gtfC mRNAs in order to inhibit biofilm formation in vitro. Materials and methods. S. mutans bacteria were grown anaerobically on glass slides inserted vertically in 24-well cell culture plates containing Todd Hewitt broth with sucrose under exposure to antisense or missense PS-ODNs at the final concentration of 10 μM. Untreated bacteria served as controls. After 24 h of incubation, glass slides were removed, air-dried and further used for the quantitative evaluation of the streptococci biofilm applying an optical profilometry technique. Results. It was revealed that antisense PS-ODN considerably reduced the most critical biofilm surface roughness parameter Sa (average difference between the peak hight and valleys) inhibiting the biofilm development by 46% and 77% in comparison to untreated (p = 0.06) and missense PS-ODN-treated bacteria (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusions. The results demonstrate that antisense PS-ODN considerably decreases streptococci-induced biofilm development on glass slides, and might therefore significantly suppress dental biofilm formation through simultaneous inactivation of S. mutans gtfB and gtfC mRNAs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document