scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antivirulence Activity of Glucocorticoid PYED-1 against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Esposito ◽  
Adriana Vollaro ◽  
Eliana Pia Esposito ◽  
Daniele D’Alonzo ◽  
Annalisa Guaragna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, an environmental Gram-negative bacterium, is an emerging nosocomial opportunistic pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients and chronic pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Due to increasing resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, S. maltophilia infections are difficult to treat successfully. This makes the search for new antimicrobial strategies mandatory. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the heterocyclic corticosteroid deflazacort and several of its synthetic precursors was tested against S. maltophilia. All compounds were not active against standard strain S. maltophilia K279a. The compound PYED-1 (pregnadiene-11-hydroxy-16α,17α-epoxy-3,20-dione-1) showed a weak effect against some S. maltophilia clinical isolates, but exhibited a synergistic effect with aminoglycosides. PYED-1 at sub-inhibitory concentrations decreased S. maltophilia biofilm formation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis demonstrated that the expression of biofilm- and virulence- associated genes (StmPr1, StmPr3, sphB, smeZ, bfmA, fsnR) was significantly suppressed after PYED-1 treatment. Interestingly, PYED-1 also repressed the expression of the genes aph (3′)-IIc, aac (6′)-Iz, and smeZ, involved in the resistance to aminoglycosides.

scholarly journals Diffusible Signal Factor signaling regulates multiple functions in the opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-qi An ◽  
Ji-liang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Signaling Mechanism ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
Dependent Cell

AbstractStenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly isolated from nosocomial infections. Analysis of the genome of the clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolate K279a indicates that it encodes a diffusible signal factor (DSF)-dependent cell-cell signaling mechanism that is highly similar to the system previously described in phytopathogens from the genera Xanthomonas and Xylella. Here we demonstrate that in S. maltophilia strain K279a, DSF signaling regulates factors contributing to virulence, biofilm formation and motility of this important opportunistic pathogen.

Diagnostic Value of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Sepsis in Pediatrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Galeb ◽  
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki ◽  
Raghdaa Shrief ◽  
Rasha Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Anies
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Proper identification of the causative organism in pediatric sepsis is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention of septic shock and organ failure. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from positive blood cultures for these pathogens isolated from children, with hospital-acquired sepsis compared to the conventional biochemical reactions for identification of these organisms. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study performed on 100 isolates from pediatric blood cultures, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The study also included 100 isolates of Escherichia coli as a negative control. All isolates were identified by API 20NE and the multiplex PCR, with primers specific to the 3 tested bacteria. Results: Multiplex PCR was positive in 96% of isolates, and 4 isolates had negative results. False positive results were reported with three E. coli strains. Multiplex PCR identified all the isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, 29 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 27 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Compared to the biochemical identification, the diagnostic value of the multiplex PCR revealed 96.04% sensitivity, 96.9% specificity, 97.00%, positive predictive value, 96.00% negative predictive value, and 96.50% accuracy. Conclusion: The present study highlights the diagnostic value of multiplex PCR to identify Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from positive blood cultures. Multiplex PCR was sensitive, specific, and accurate. The accuracy differs according to the organisms, with 100% accuracy for Acinetobacter baumannii.

scholarly journals Polymerase-chain-reaction-based diagnosis of viral pulmonary infections in immunocompromised children

2013 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. e263-e268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gili Kadmon ◽  
Itzhak Levy ◽  
Michal Mandelboim ◽  
Elhanan Nahum ◽  
Jerry Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Interactions between Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in an Organotypic Oral Epithelial Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
Akshaya Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Alex A. Lemus ◽  
Adline Princy Solomon ◽  
Alex M. Valm ◽  
Prasanna Neelakantan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Microbial Invasion ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hyphal Formation

Candida albicans as an opportunistic pathogen exploits the host immune system and causes a variety of life-threatening infections. The polymorphic nature of this fungus gives it tremendous advantage to breach mucosal barriers and cause oral and disseminated infections. Similar to C. albicans, Enterococcus faecalis is a major opportunistic pathogen, which is of critical concern in immunocompromised patients. There is increasing evidence that E. faecalis co-exists with C. albicans in the human body in disease samples. While the interactive profiles between these two organisms have been studied on abiotic substrates and mouse models, studies on their interactions on human oral mucosal surfaces are non-existent. Here, for the first time, we comprehensively characterized the interactive profiles between laboratory and clinical isolates of C. albicans (SC5314 and BF1) and E. faecalis (OG1RF and P52S) on an organotypic oral mucosal model. Our results demonstrated that the dual species biofilms resulted in profound surface erosion and significantly increased microbial invasion into mucosal compartments, compared to either species alone. Notably, several genes of C. albicans involved in tissue adhesion, hyphal formation, fungal invasion, and biofilm formation were significantly upregulated in the presence of E. faecalis. By contrast, E. faecalis genes involved in quorum sensing, biofilm formation, virulence, and mammalian cell invasion were downregulated. This study highlights the synergistic cross-kingdom interactions between E. faecalis and C. albicans in mucosal tissue invasion.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Adhesion and Regulation of Biofilm-Related Genes in Different Clones ofStaphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Sahab Atshan ◽  
Mariana Nor Shamsudin ◽  
Zamberi Sekawi ◽  
Leslie Than Thian Lung ◽  
Rukman Awang Hamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Clinical information about genotypically different clones of biofilm-producingStaphylococcus aureusis largely unknown. We examined whether different clones of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MSSA and MRSA) differ with respect to staphylococcal microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) in biofilm formation. The study used 60 different types ofspaand determined the phenotypes, the prevalence of the 13 MSCRAMM, and biofilm genes for each clone. The current investigation was carried out using a modified Congo red agar (MCRA), a microtiter plate assay (MPA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clones belonging to the samespatype were found to have similar properties in adheringto thepolystyrene microtiter plate surface. However, their ability to produce slime on MCRA medium was different. PCR experiments showed that 60 clones of MSSA and MRSA were positive for 5 genes (out of 9 MSCRAMM genes).icaADBCgenes were found to be present in all the 60 clones tested indicating a high prevalence, and these genes were equally distributed among the clones associated with MSSA and those with MRSA. The prevalence of other MSCRAMM genes among MSSA and MRSA clones was found to be variable. MRSA and MSSA gene expression (MSCRAMM andicaADBC) was confirmed by RT-PCR.

Polymerase-chain-reaction-based diagnosis of invasive fungal pulmonary infections in immunocompromised children

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 994-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gili Kadmon ◽  
Elhanan Nahum ◽  
Hannah Sprecher ◽  
Jerry Stein ◽  
Itzhak Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Fatal Chemotherapy-induced Combined Infection in a Hodgkin’s Disease Patient: a Case Report

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Yordan I. Kalchev ◽  
Gergana B. Lengerova ◽  
Uswah Asif ◽  
Hasan A. Burnusuzov ◽  
Marianna A. Murdjeva
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multimodal Therapy ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Combined Infection

Multimodal therapy, used for the treatment of patients with Hodgkin’s disease (HD), makes them prone to life-threatening infections, attributed mainly to febrile neutropenia. Herein, we present a case report of fatal combined bacterial and viral infection in a 49-year-old female patient, subject to polychemotherapy for HD. Rapid microbiological diagnosis performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction elucidated the causes of the infection within hours. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in both the cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples. Nasopharyngeal swabs returned positive for two swine-derived strains of influenza A virus. We aimed to emphasize the importance of these pathogens and draw attention to their association in the aetiology of infections among patients receiving chemotherapy. In conclusion, better surveillance is needed to improve the early diagnosis of infectious complications in these patients.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DOS GENES DE VIRULÊNCIA E FORMAÇÃO DOS BIOFILMES EM Escherichia coli ISOLADAS EM UM LABORATÓRIO CLÍNICO DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE/SP

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Hevelin Regiane Augusto Da Silva ◽  
Mikaely Aparecida De Souza Bonifácio ◽  
Mayla Silva Cayres De Oliveira ◽  
Lizziane Kretli Winkelstroter Eller
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Progressive Accumulation

Escherichia coliisone of the main microorganisms that cause urinary tract infection (UTI). The objective of this work was to evaluate the presence of virulence genes, the biofilm formation and the potential inhibition of biofilms by essential oil of ginger and star anise in Escherichia coliisolated from a clinical laboratory at Presidente Prudente-SP. In the biofilm formation, the titration microplate technique was used and the polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the presence of the virulence genes. The results showed that 100% of the isolates formed biofilms. Only six isolates presented reduction of biofilms in presence of essential oil. The most frequent virulence gene was fimH(100%) followed by kpsMTII (99.9%) papC(98.9%) and fliC (84.8%). We emphasize that the microorganisms may be in a phase of progressive accumulation of virulence factors which facilitates the increase of the severity of the host infection

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Shiga toxin-1 in Shigella spp. Isolates Collected from Diarrhea Patients, Ahvaz, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Mahdian ◽  
Ali Gheysarzadeh ◽  
Hassan Valadbeigi ◽  
Sobhan Ghafourian ◽  
Abbas Maleki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tropical Infectious Diseases

Abstract Objective Shigellosis is one of the substantial causative agents of microbial dysentery and still has a remarkable prevalence particularly in areas with poor hygienic infrastructures. The probable existence of the deadly Shiga toxin-1(Stx1) protein in some Shigella strains would manifest life-threatening clinical symptoms of the infection. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Stx1 in isolated from patients with diarrhea. Results Totally, 227 Shigella species including 60 S. flexneri, 157 S. sonnei, and 10 S. boydii were collected from diarrheal patients in tropical infectious diseases research center of Ahvaz, Iran, from 2013 till 2015. The isolates were collected mostly from the intensive care unit, infectious disease, and surgery settings. The isolates were identified and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the stx gene. The results indicated that none of them encode the stx gene. In conclusion isolates of this study were not capable of stx1 encoding.

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