scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoumik Kundu ◽  
Mahfuza Marzan ◽  
Siew Hua Gan ◽  
Md Asiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Resistance to anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) antibiotics is a major public health concern for many high-TB burden countries in Asia, including Bangladesh. Therefore, to represent the overall drug-resistance pattern against TB in Bangladesh, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies related to antibiotic-resistant TB. A total of 24 studies covering 13,336 patients with TB were secured and included. The random-effects model was used to calculate the summary estimates. The pooled prevalence of any, mono, multi, poly, and extensive anti-TB antibiotic-resistances were 45.3% [95% CI: 33.5–57.1], 14.3% [95% CI: 11.4–17.2], 22.2% [95% CI: 18.8–25.7], 7.7% [95% CI: 5.6–9.7], and 0.3% [95% CI: 0.0–1.0], respectively. Among any first and second-line anti-TB drugs, isoniazid (35.0%) and cycloserine (44.6%) resistances were the highest, followed by ethambutol (16.2%) and gatifloxacin (0.2%). Any, multi, and poly drug-resistances were higher in retreatment cases compared to the newly diagnosed cases, although mono drug-resistance tended to be higher in newly diagnosed cases (15.7%) than that in retreatment cases (12.5%). The majority (82.6%) of the included studies were of high quality, with most not exhibiting publication bias. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that all outcomes are robust and reliable. It is concluded that resistance to anti-TB drugs in Bangladesh is rampant and fast growing. Therefore, the implementation of a nationwide surveillance system to detect suspected and drug-resistant TB cases, as well as to ensure a more encompassing treatment management by national TB control program, is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Plasmid profile and drug resistance pattern of zoonotic Salmonella isolates from Indian buffaloes

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhoj Raj Singh ◽  
Meenu Agarwal ◽  
Mudit Chandra ◽  
Meena Verma ◽  
Gautam Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Buffalo Meat ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background: Buffalo is the major source of animal protein in south-east Asia, including India; therefore, the presence of multiple drug resistance in Salmonella strains of buffalo meat and milk products is of immense public health concern. Methodology: Forty-six strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica  belonging to eight serovars (S. Anatum, 13; S. Weltevreden, 13; S. Rostock, 6; S. Typhimurium, 5; S. Gallinarum, 5; S. Stockholm, 1; S. Dublin, 1; and S. Orion, 2), isolated from buffalo meat and diseased buffaloes were studied for their antibiotic sensitivity and plasmid profile. Results: All except six strains of Salmonella had one or more plasmids. Virulence plasmid of ~35MdA was present in 39 isolates while 19 strains had one to six additional plasmids with molecular weight ranging from 1 Mda > 35 Mda. A plasmid-free S. Anatum strain was resistant to seven drugs including fluoroquinolones, while strains having six to seven plasmids were resistant to fewer antimicrobial drugs. One S. Anatum isolate, resistant to 11 antibiotics, had only one plasmid. Eight serovars of Salmonella could be divided into 28 resistotypes on the basis of antimicrobial sensitivity assay. Most strains were resistant to streptomycin (84.8%) followed by kanamycin (58.7%), gentamicin (52.2%), ampicillin (50%) and oxytetracycline (50%). Few strains were resistant to cefotaxime (2.2%), amoxycillin (2.2%) and newer fluoroquinolones (6.5%). Conclusion: Multiple drug resistance was common among Salmonella isolates of buffalo origin, particularly against aminoglycosides, oxytetracycin, ampicillin and cephalexin. Presence of plasmids is not mandatory for occurrence of multiple drug resistance in S. enterica strains.

scholarly journals Bacterial profile and multi-drug resistance pattern of bacterial isolates among septicemia suspected cases: a meta-analysis report in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Mengistu Abayneh ◽  
Shewangizaw HaileMariam ◽  
Molla Asnake
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Background Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are one of the most common infections seen in all age groups and in all locations. The current knowledge on the patterns of bacterial profile, and its antibiotic resistance are essential to design and implement appropriate interventions. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and multi-drug resistance pattern of bacterial isolates among septicemia and/or bacteremia suspected cases in Ethiopia. Methods Searching was conducted in databases of PubMed, Research Gate, Scopus and Google Scholar. In addition, manual searching is also conducted in bibliographies of included studies and in other meta-analysis studies. Required data were extracted from articles published up to 2020 on the bacterial profile of septicemia in Ethiopia, and analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.3.0 software. Results A total of 5,823 septicemia suspected cases were extracted from 18 included studies and the overall blood culture positive rate of 31.9% (95% CI: 0.261–0.382). Of these, the overall Gram positive and Gram negative isolates was 57.8% (95% CI: 0.534–0.584) and 42.2% (95% CI: 0.416–0.466), respectively. Among Gram positives, predominantly reported isolates was Staphylococcus  aureus (47.9%: 480 of 1,003), followed by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (42.7%: 428 of 1,003), whereas among Gram negatives, the most frequently reported isolates was Klebsiella species (29.8%: 218 of 731), followed by Escherichia  coli (23.1%: 169 of 731). Significant levels of resistance was reported against ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline with a pooled resistance range of 40.6–55.3% in Gram positive and 52.8–85.7% in Gram negative isolates. The pooled estimates of multi-drugs resistance (MDR) was (66.8%) among Gram positives and (80.5%) among Gram negatives, with the overall MDR rate of (74.2%). Conclusions The reported blood culture positive rates among septicemia cases were relatively high. Second, the level of drug and multi-drug resistant isolates against commonly prescribed antibiotics was significant. However, the scarcity of data on culture confirmed septicemia cases as well as patterns of antimicrobial resistance may overshadow the problem.

scholarly journals Variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure in Iran: a systemic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Hadifar ◽  
Abolfazl Fateh ◽  
Vahid Pourbarkhordar ◽  
Seyed Davar Siadat ◽  
Shayan Mostafaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Acquiring comprehensive insight into the dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) population structure is an essential step to adopt effective tuberculosis (TB) control strategies and improve therapeutic methods and vaccines. Accordingly, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the overall prevalence of Mtb genotypes/ sublineages in Iran. Methods We carried out a comprehensive literature search using the international databases of MEDLINE and Scopus as well as Iranian databases. Articles published until April 2020 were selected based on the PRISMA flow diagram. The overall prevalence of the Mtb genotypes/sublineage in Iran was determined using the random effects or fixed effect model. The metafor R package and MedCalc software were employed for performing this meta-analysis. Results We identified 34 studies for inclusion in this study, containing 8329 clinical samples. Based on the pooled prevalence of the Mtb genotypes, NEW1 (21.94, 95% CI: 16.41–28.05%), CAS (19.21, 95% CI: 14.95–23.86%), EAI (12.95, 95% CI: 7.58–19.47%), and T (12.16, 95% CI: 9.18–15.50%) were characterized as the dominant circulating genotypes in Iran. West African (L 5/6), Cameroon, TUR and H37Rv were identified as genotypes with the lowest prevalence in Iran (< 2%). The highest pooled prevalence rates of multidrug-resistant strains were related to Beijing (2.52, 95% CI) and CAS (1.21, 95% CI). Conclusions This systematic review showed that Mtb populations are genetically diverse in Iran, and further studies are needed to gain a better insight into the national diversity of Mtb populations and their drug resistance pattern.

scholarly journals Protein Intake and Its Association With Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 195-195
Author(s):  
Janine Wirth ◽  
Elaine Hillesheim ◽  
Lorraine Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objectives Poor sleep is increasingly seen as an issue of public health concern. The evidence to support the relationship between protein intake and sleep hygiene is limited and inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association between protein intake and subjective and objective sleep parameters in adults. Methods On June 22nd, 2020, five electronic databases were searched to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL Plus). Risk of bias of included studies was assessed by outcomes using the Cochrane risk-of-bias 2.0 tool. Meta-analyses were performed for the outcomes sleep latency (SL), sleep efficiency (SE), and sleep quality (SQ). The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results A total of 12 intervention studies from 10 articles were included. Meta-analyses showed no significant association between sleep outcomes (SQ = eight studies, SL = seven studies, SE = six studies) and increased protein intake, with very low certainty of evidence. However, results from sensitivity analyses excluding high-risk studies from parallel design trials suggest a small effect on SQ in favour of high protein intake (mean difference: −6.95; 95% CI: −12.52, −1.41; on a scale ranging from 0 to 100). Conclusions Our systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that there is no clear relationship between protein intake and sleep. However, the strength of the evidence is rather low. Further RCTs that focus on this specific research question are warranted, considering a more appropriate study design. This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO (CRD42020196021). Funding Sources This work was supported by: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Career Development Fellowship in the National Technology Centre Programme funded through a cofund with the European Union's Horizon 2020 and Enterprise Ireland; European Research Council (ERC); Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) as part of the Full PhD Abroad Program. Funding agencies had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of first and second-line drug-resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex common species: Evidence from selected TB treatment initiating centers in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245687
Author(s):  
Biniyam Dagne ◽  
Kassu Desta ◽  
Rahel Fekade ◽  
Misikir Amare ◽  
Mengistu Tadesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background Drug-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex remains a major health burden in human history and still is a major leading cause of death in developing countries including Ethiopia. Early detection of all forms of drug-resistant Tuberculosis(TB) is a key factor to reduce and contain the spread of these resistant strains. Methods A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed, based on demographic, clinical, and laboratory data collected from 204 patients with bacteriological confirmed TB. Sputum samples were analyzed using conventional TB culture and identification test followed by molecular species identification, and then phenotypic drug susceptibility tests. Data were entered using an excel spreadsheet and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive analysis; frequencies, and proportions were computed. Results Among the 204 sputum samples inoculated in culture media, Mycobacterium species were recovered from 165 specimens, with 160 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and five Non- Tuberculosis Mycobacterium(NTM) species. All Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was found to be M. tuberculosis. Of the five NTM species, 2 M.fortuitum, 2 M.intracellulare, and 1 M.gordonae were identified. Among 160 species of M. tuberculosis isolates, 110(68.8%) were resistant to any of the anti-TB drugs. The resistance pattern was; INH (109, 68.1%), RIF (99, 61.9%), STM (73,45.6%), and EMB (32,20.0%). Mono-resistance was found for INH (7,4.3%) and STM (1,0.6%). Ninety-nine (61.9%) isolates become MDR, while resistance to any of the second-line anti-TB drugs was detected in 9 (5.6%) strains, with 8(5%) Pre-XDR and one (0.6%) XDR cases. Conclusion Our findings highlight high frequencies of drug resistance to first and second-line anti-TB drugs.Determining the drug-resistance pattern of MTB is important for programmatic management of drug-resistant TB in Ethiopia. The circulating Pre-XDR and XDR case identified in the current study is alarming to the tuberculosis control program in the country.

scholarly journals Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without HIV infection in Mwanza, Tanzania

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyagosya Range ◽  
Henrik Friis ◽  
Said Mfaume ◽  
Pascal Magnussen ◽  
John Changalucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Culture Positive

Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly multi-drug resistance TB (MDR-TB). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary and acquired anti-TB drug resistance among newly diagnosed pulmonary TB (PTB) and relapse cases. Sputa were collected from newly diagnosed and relapse PTB patients. Drug susceptibility tests (DST) were performed on sputum culture positive isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using resistance ratio method on four first-line anti-TB drugs: rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin. Demographic and anthropometric information was collected and HIV status was determined. Of the 523 culture positive isolates, DST results were available for 503 (96%), 455 were new and 48 were relapse cases. Resistance to at least one of the four drugs was observed in 7.8% (39/503) of the isolates, 7.3% (33/455) were new and 12.5% (6/48) were from relapse cases. Mono resistance to isoniazid was higher in both among new 45.5% (15/33) and relapse 50.0% (3/6) cases. Resistance to rifampicin and streptomycin alone was equal 4/33 (12.1%) and only among new cases. Resistance to ethambutol alone was only one among new cases. Overall MDR-TB prevalence was 2.4% (12/503), nine were new and three were relapse cases. MDR-TB was 17.9% (7/39) for rifampicin and isoniazid. Prevalence of HIV was 43.3% and was similar among new and relapse cases and not risk factor for drug resistance. Majority of PTB patients (52%) had BMI below 18 kg/m2. Those with BMI greater than 18 kg/m2 were more likely to develop drug resistance than those with BMI below 18 kg/m2  (P=0.004). With the resurgence of TB and the high prevalence of HIV among TB patients, prevalence of drug resistance is still low both among new and relapses cases. Despite the current low drug resistance, there is a need for continuous monitoring of the resistance.

scholarly journals Tranexamic acid in non-traumatic intracranial bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois ◽  
Carolyne Croizier ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
Farès Moustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intracranial Bleeding ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNon-traumatic intracranial bleeding (NTIB), comprising subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intra-cranial bleeding (ICH) is a significant public health concern. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a promising treatment with benefits yet to be fully demonstrated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of TXA on mortality in NTIB. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases for studies reporting mortality data following the use of TXA in NTIB for comparisons with a control group. We computed random-effect meta-analysis on estimates of risk and sensitivity analyses. We computed meta-regression to examine the putative effects of the severity of NTIB, sociodemographic data (age, sex), and publication date. Among potentially 10,008 articles, we included 15 studies representing a total of 4883 patients: 2455 receiving TXA and 2428 controls; 1110 died (23%) during the follow-up. The meta-analysis demonstrated a potential of 22% decrease in mortality for patients treated by TXA (RR = 0.78, 95%CI 0.58–0.98, p = 0.002). Meta-regression did not demonstrate any influence of the severity of NTIB, age, sex, length of treatment or date of publication. Sensitivity analyses confirmed benefits of TXA on mortality. TXA appears to be a therapeutic option to reduce non-traumatic intracranial bleeding mortality, particularly in patients with SAH.

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