scholarly journals Commiphora myrrh Supplementation Protects and Cures Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Alterations of Gastric Ulceration in Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Lebda ◽  
Rabab E. Mostafa ◽  
Nabil M. Taha ◽  
Eman M. Abd El-Maksoud ◽  
Hossam G. Tohamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

Gastric ulceration is a multifactorial disease defined as a defect in the gastric wall that extends through the muscularis mucosae into the deeper layers of the wall. The most common cause of gastric ulceration is alcohol consumption. In the current study, rats were gavaged by ethanol to investigate the protective (before ethanol) and curative (after ethanol) ability of Commiphora myrrh (myrrh) oil and extract against gastric ulcer oxidative alterations induced by ethanol. Myrrh significantly improved ulcer index, histomorphology, and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) impaired by ethanol. In addition, myrrh improved the antioxidant potential of gastric mucosa through enhancement of nuclear factor related to erythroid 2 (Nrf2), total glutathione (GSH), reduced GSH, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), along with significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Amelioration of gastric oxidative stress by myrrh enables gastric mucosa to counteract the ethanol’s inflammatory and apoptotic processes leading to improved gastric proliferation and healing. Interestingly, myrrh extract showed better protective and curative effects than myrrh oil against gastric ulceration.

A novel method for the visualization of the in situ mucus layer in rat and man

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLA JORDAN ◽  
JULIA NEWTON ◽  
JEFFREY PEARSON ◽  
ADRIAN ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thickness Measurements

1.The observed thickness of the gastric mucus barrier varies widely, even appearing discontinuous, depending on the methods used. Here we describe the development and application of a modified periodic acid Schiff/Alcian Blue staining technique for use on cryostat sections of gastric mucosa. This technique for the first time enables the preservation and visualization of the full thickness of the adherent gastric mucus layer and the underlying mucosa. 2.In designing this novel method we have selected those procedures which would result in the least alteration to the mucus layer. The methods used were snap freezing, cryostat sectioning of the whole stomach followed by brief ethanol pretreatment (10 min in 100% ethanol), a prolonged staining with periodic acid Schiff/Alcian Blue (15 min and 2.5 h respectively), a gentle post-fixation (45 min paraformaldehyde vapour at 37 °C) and the use of a water-soluble mountant. 3.A continuous, adherent mucus layer was observed over the surface of the rat gastric mucosa (periodic acid Schiff/Alcian Blue stained) and human gastric antral biopsies (periodic acid Schiff stained). In the rat the mean (S.D.) mucus thickness measurements along the antrum to oesophageal axis (which was divided histologically into four regions, A to D) were: A, 166 (47) μm; B, 179 (48) μm; C, 184 (50) μm; D (the non-glandular stratified epithelium at the top of the stomach), Absent. In human gastric antral biopsies the mean (S.D.) mucus thickness was 144 (52) μm. 4.This new technique has enabled the visualization and precise measurement of thickness of the gastric mucus layer in rat and man. The adherent gastric mucus layer was observed to be continuous in the rat glandular stomach and human antrum. In validation experiments in rat the mean mucus thickness measurements were found to be twice those measured by conventional histological techniques, in which the mucus layer appeared discontinuous and patchy. However, they were within the range of thickness values seen in unfixed tissues and in the rat in vivo preparation.

scholarly journals Pathology of idiopathic megarectum and megacolon

Gut ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Gattuso ◽  
M A Kamm ◽  
I C Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Muscle Fibrosis ◽  
Idiopathic Megacolon ◽  
Resected Tissue ◽  
Idiopathic Megarectum

Background—The aetiology and pathology of both idiopathic megarectum and idiopathic megacolon are unknown. In particular, it is unknown whether there are abnormalities involving enteric nerves or smooth muscle.Methods—Resected tissue was examined from 24 patients who underwent surgery for idiopathic megarectum, from six patients who had tissue resected for idiopathic megacolon, and 17 control patients who had surgery for non-obstructing large bowel cancer. Qualitative and quantitative histological examination was performed after staining with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Martius scarlet blue (MSB), and phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin (PTAH). Neural and glial tissue were examined after immunostaining with S100 and PGP9.5.Results—Compared with controls, patients with idiopathic megarectum had significant thickening of their muscularis mucosae (median 78 v 33 μm, p<0.005), circular muscle (1000 v 633 μm, p<0.005), and longitudinal muscle (1083v 303 μm, p<0.005), despite rectal dilatation. This thickening was relatively greater in the longitudinal than in the circular muscle. Fibrosis of the longitudinal muscle was seen, using MSB staining, in 58%, of circular muscle in 38%, and of muscularis mucosae in 29% of patients. The relation between muscle thickening and fibrosis was variable. The density of neural tissue in the longitudinal muscle seemed to be reduced in patients with idiopathic megarectum. There was no thickening of enteric muscle or alteration in the density of innervation in patients with idiopathic megacolon.Conclusion—There is notable thickening of the enteric smooth muscle in patients with idiopathic megarectum, but the architecture of the enteric innervation seems to be intact. Functional abnormalities of the latter remain a possible cause of the smooth muscle hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Gastritis and Hypergastrinemia Due to Acinetobacter lwoffii in Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2630-2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zavros ◽  
G. Rieder ◽  
Amy Ferguson ◽  
J. L. Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Mucous Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
G Cells ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
D Cells ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Histologic Changes ◽  
Entire Stomach

ABSTRACT In mouse models and humans, Helicobacter pylori is associated with an increase in serum gastrin and gastrin-expressing (G) cells with a concomitant decrease in somatostatin-expressing D cells. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa can progress to metaplastic changes in the stomach and to decreased colonization by H. pylori and increased colonization by non-H. pylori organisms. In addition, about 20% of individuals with chronic gastritis are H. pylori negative, suggesting that other organisms may induce gastritis. Consistent with this hypothesis, we report here that Acinetobacter lwoffii causes the same histologic changes as does H. pylori. Gastric epithelial cells were isolated from the entire stomach by an enzymatic method for quantitation by both flow cytometry and morphometric analysis. Two months after mice were inoculated with H. pylori or A. lwoffii, the mucosal T- and B-cell numbers significantly increased. After 4 months of infection, there was a threefold increase in the number of G cells and a doubling in the number of parietal cells. A threefold decrease in the number of D cells occurred in H. pylori- and A. lwoffii-infected mice. Plasma gastrin levels increased after both H. pylori and A. lwoffii infection. Histology revealed the presence of inflammation in the gastric mucosa with both A. lwoffii and H. pylori infection. A periodic acid-Schiff stain-alcian blue stain revealed mucous gland metaplasia of the corpus. Collectively, the results demonstrate that gastritis and hypergastrinemia are not specific for H. pylori but can be induced by other gram-negative bacteria capable of infecting the mouse stomach.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity and Gastroprotective Role ofM. pruriensin Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injuries in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Golbabapour ◽  
Maryam Hajrezaie ◽  
Pouya Hassandarvish ◽  
Nazia Abdul Majid ◽  
A. Hamid A. Hadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Hsp70 Protein ◽  
Bax Protein

The investigation was to evaluate gastroprotective effects of ethanolic extract ofM. pruriensleaves on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats. Forty-eight rats were divided into 8 groups: negative control, extract control, ulcer control, reference control, and four experimental groups. As a pretreatment, the negative control and the ulcer control groups were orally administered carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The reference control was administered omeprazole orally (20 mg/kg). The ethanolic extract ofM. pruriensleaves was given orally to the extract control group (500 mg/kg) and the experimental groups (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg). After 1 h, CMC was given orally to the negative and the extract control groups. The other groups received absolute ethanol. The rats were sacrificed after 1 h. The ulcer control group exhibited significant mucosal injuries with decreased gastric wall mucus and severe damage to the gastric mucosa. The extract caused upregulation of Hsp70 protein, downregulation of Bax protein, and intense periodic acid schiff uptake of glandular portion of stomach. Gastric mucosal homogenate showed significant antioxidant properties with increase in synthesis of PGE2, while MDA was significantly decreased. The ethanolic extract ofM. pruriensleaves was nontoxic (<5 g/kg) and could enhance defensive mechanisms against hemorrhagic mucosal lesions.

scholarly journals Rare Case of Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma Arising in Cervical Oesophageal Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Sekaran ◽  
Veena Pawar Vanere ◽  
Sundeep Lakhtakia ◽  
Mohan Ramchandani ◽  
Duvuru Nageshwar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Type ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cervical Oesophagus ◽  
Gastric Heterotopia ◽  
Inlet Patch ◽  
Intestinal Type Adenocarcinoma

Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa (HGM) also termed gastric inlet patch or inlet patch, is a rare and benign phenomenon in cervical oesophagus and can be missed during endoscopy. It has an average incidence of 2.5%. Adenocarcinoma arising in the background of gastric heterotopia is very rare and uncommon in the upper oesophagus. A 46-year-old male presented with hoarseness and progressive dysphagia for solids for the past one month. Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (UGIE) revealed a tight stricture at 19-20 cm from the incisors. Initial mucosal biopsies were not conclusive. With high clinical suspicion of malignancy, patient underwent bougie dilation of oesophageal stricture followed by repeat biopsy. Histology revealed an intestinal type of adenocarcinoma, arising in a background of gastric heterotopia of the cervical oesophagus. Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid Schiff (AB/PAS) staining was positive in both the heterotopic glands and in the cancer, indicating the presence of intestinal metaplasia. Tumour cells were immunopositive for cytokeratin-7. A Positron Emission Tomography – Computed Tomography scan revealed a metabolically active lesion located in the upper third of the oesophagus along with uptake in right supraclavicular node. This case report describes a patient with primary intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the cervical oesophagus in the background of HGM not related to Barrett’s oesophagus.

scholarly journals In vivo acute toxicity and anti-gastric evaluation of a novel dichloro Schiff base: Bax and HSP70 alteration

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Kamelia Saremi ◽  
Sima Kianpour Rad ◽  
Maryam Khalilzadeh ◽  
Jamal Hussaini ◽  
Nazia Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Schiff Base Complex ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Bax Protein ◽  
Sd Rats

Abstract Chlorine is shown to possess anti-gastric ulcer activity, since it can inactivate Helicobacter pylori, which is regarded as one of the most common risk factors for causing gastric problems. In the current study, the gastroprotective property of a novel dichloro-substituted Schiff base complex, 2, 2′- [−1, 2-cyclohexanediylbis(nitriloethylidyne)] bis(4-chlorophenol) (CNCP), against alcohol-induced gastric lesion in SD rats was assessed. SD rats were divided into four groups, i.e. normal, ulcer control, testing, and reference groups. Ulcer area, gastric wall mucus, and also gastric acidity of the animal stomachs were measured. In addition, antioxidant activity of CNCP was evaluated and its safe dose was identified. Immunohistochemistry staining was also carried to evaluate two important proteins, i.e. Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Moreover, the activities of super oxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. Antioxidant activity of CNCP was approved via the aforementioned experiments. Histological evaluations showed that the compound possesses stomach epithelial defense activity. Additionally, periodic acid-Schiff staining exhibited over-expression of HSP70 and down-expression of Bax protein in the CNCP-treated rats. Moreover, CNCP caused deceased MDA level and elevated PGE2 level, and at the same time increased the activities of the two enzymes.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenol (Sesamol) on Stress-Related Mucosal Disease in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dur-Zong Hsu ◽  
Yi-Wei Chen ◽  
Pei-Yi Chu ◽  
Srinivasan Periasamy ◽  
Ming-Yie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
Mucus Secretion ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Mucosal Disease ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD) causes considerable morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenol (sesamol) has been reported to have potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sesamol on water immersion restraint- (WIR-) induced SRMD in rats. Rat gastric ulcer and hemorrhage were induced by WIR. Rats were pretreated orally with various doses of sesamol (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg, resp.) 30 min before WIR. Gastric mucosal ulceration, hemoglobin, lipid peroxidation, mucus secretion, proinflammatory cytokines, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB levels were determined 4 h after WIR. In addition, the infiltration of neutrophil and macrophage into gastric mucosa was also determined after WIR. Water immersion restraint increased gastric mucosal ulcer and hemorrhage, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels but failed to affect mucosal lipid peroxidation and mucus secretion compared with non-WIR. Sesamol significantly decreased gastric ulceration and hemorrhage and inhibited mucosal TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production and NF-κB activity in WIR-treated rats. In addition, increased myeloperoxidase and CD68 levels in gastric mucosa were found in WIR-treated rats compared to non-WIR rats. Sesamol did not affect myeloperoxidase but decreased CD68 levels in mucosa in WIR-treated rats. Sesamol may protect against SRMD by inhibiting gastric mucosal proinflammatory cytokines in rats.

scholarly journals The Total Flavonoid Extract from Glycyrrhiza inflat Bat. Suppresses Atrophic Gastritis in Rats through the Akt/MAPK Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Junshan Liu ◽  
Jun Zheng ◽  
Xiaochun Lin ◽  
Shuntong Bai ◽  
Qiudi Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Expression Ratio ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Glycyrrhiza inflat Bat. is widely used to treat gastric ulcer and gastritis in clinic in China. Aim of the Study. To investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of the total flavonoid extract (TFE) from G. inflat Bat. on atrophic gastritis (AG) rats. Materials and Methods. The rat AG model was established by providing sodium deoxycholate and alcohol, and then, AG rats were treated with TFE for 30 days. Pathologic changes in gastric specimens were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the capability of gastric mucosa to secrete mucus was examined by alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff staining. Apoptosis induction in gastric tissues was measured by the TUNEL assay. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and proteins in the Akt/MAPK pathway in gastric tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and/or Western blotting. Results. Compared with the AG group, TFE attenuated the damage of gastric mucosa as reflected by the thickening of the lamina propria and the thinning of the muscularis mucosae. Moreover, TFE induced apoptosis in gastric mucosa with increasing Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. Concomitantly, the degrees of p-ErkThr202/Tyr204 and p-AktThr308 were decreased, whereas those of p-p38Thr180/Tyr182 and p-JNKThr183/Tyr185 were increased. Conclusion. We demonstrated the anti-AG effect of G. inflat Bat. in vivo and elucidated the underlying mechanisms that involve gastric mucosa protection through the Akt/MAPK pathway. The study provides a rationale for the application of G. inflat Bat. in the treatment of AG.

Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

Detection of Carriers in Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
G T E Zonneveld ◽  
E F van Leeuwen ◽  
A Sturk ◽  
J W ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Type I ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Glanzmann’S Thrombasthenia ◽  
Aggregation Response ◽  
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Reduced State

SummaryQuantitative glycoprotein (GP) analysis of whole platelets or platelet membranes was performed by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and periodic acid Schiff staining in the families of two unrelated Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) patients. Each family consisted of two symptom free parents, a symptom free daughter and a GT daughter. All symptom free members had a normal bleeding time, clot retraction and platelet aggregation response to adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP), collagen and adrenalin. Platelet Zw* antigen was normally expressed in these subjects. GT patiens, classified as a type I and II subject, showed reduced amounts of GP lib and of GP nia. Analysis of isolated membranes in the non-reduced state, however, showed that the amount of GP Ilia was also reduced in three of the four parents, whereas one parent (of the GT type I patient) and the two unaffected daughters had normal amounts of GP Ilia. Quantitative SDS-PAGE may therefore provide a method for the detection of asymptomatic carriers in GT type I and II.

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