LC-MS Identification and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Solid Residues from the Essential Oil Industry

Plant solid residues obtained from the essential oil industry represent a rich source of phenolic compounds with bioactive properties to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in solid residues of the Lamiaceae family plants. A total of 48 compounds can be separated within 35 min by using the Poroshell-120 EC-C18 column, and a gradient mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile with flow rate of 0.5 mL/min; salicylic acid was used as internal standard. The calibration curves showed good linearity in the tested concentration range for each analyte (R2 > 0.9921), while recoveries ranged from 70.1% to 115.0% with an intra-day and inter-day precision of less than 6.63% and 15.00%, respectively. Based on the retention behavior, as well as absorption and mass spectra, 17 phenolic acids, 19 flavonoids and 2 phenolic diterpenes were identified and quantified in the solid residues obtained by distillation of six aromatic plants: oregano, rosemary, sage, satureja, lemon balm, and spearmint. The method constitutes an accurate analytical and quality control tool for the simultaneous quantitation of phenolics present in solid waste residues from the essential oil industry.

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Polyphenolic compounds and essential oil analysis of selected species of the genus Thymus / Analýza fenolových zložiek a analýza silice vybraných druhov rodu Thymus

Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae ◽

10.1515/afpuc-2015-0009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (s9) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

M. Kameníková ◽

S. Fialová ◽

A. Ťažký ◽

I. Čičová

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Aluminium Chloride ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Oil Analysis ◽

European Pharmacopoeia

Abstract The content of phenolic compounds (total phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanidins) of three species of thyme (Thymus pulegioides, Thymus pannonicus, Thymus praecox) of different origin (Bohemian-Moravian highlands, Křivoklat and Považsky Inovec) was determined using spectrophotometric methods of European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition. Furthermore, the determination of the content of essential oil and analysis of its constituents was realised. The amount of total phenolics was determined by a spectrophotometric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Their content ranged from 3.87 to 8.86%. The content of tannins was established on a preliminary determination of the total phenolics, followed by adsorption of tannins on hide powder. The amount of tannins in our samples varied from 1.96 to 5.65%. The content of total flavonoids was determined by a spectrophotometric method using aluminium chloride. Quantitative analysis of flavonoids has shown that content in our samples ranged from 0.59 to 1.52% expressed as luteolin-7-O-glucoside (λ = 392 nm) and from 0.41 to 1.12% expressed as rutin (λ = 420 nm). Anthocyanins represent a small amount of total polyphenol content in Thymus species. In our samples, the content of anthocyanins expressed as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside varied from 0.02 to 0.1%. The determination of essential oil was realised by method of European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition. Its contents in our samples ranged from 0.2 to 0.75%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for essential oil analysis. According to the presence of main monoterpene in Thymus essential oil, we can distinguish three chemotypes: thymol, carvacrol and linalool. Due to variations of chemical constituents of thyme essential oil, it was possible to observe a relationship between occurrence of certain chemotype and origin of sample. Differences in content of flavonoids have not shown a significant relationship to locality of origin.

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Determination of phenolic compounds by MALDI–TOF and essential oil composition by GC–MS during three development stages of Origanum majorana L.

Biomedical Chromatography ◽

10.1002/bmc.4665 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ayda Khadhri ◽

Intidhar Bouali ◽

Chedia Aouadhi ◽

Marie‐Christine Lagel ◽

Eric Masson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Development Stages ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Origanum Majorana

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Proposal for a semi-quantitative method for the determination of volatile compounds in cocoa liquors

Respuestas ◽

10.22463/0122820x.2406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cristian Palencia-Blanco ◽

Alejandra Gualdrón-Zambrano ◽

Isabel Guarín - Henao ◽

Yuly Ojeda-Galeano ◽

Arley Villamizar-Jaimes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Quantitative Method ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Good Precision ◽

Response Factors ◽

Average Coefficient ◽

Degree Of Recovery

Seventy-four volatile compounds were identified and quantified from cocoa liquors of the ICS 95 and TCS 01 varieties produced in the department of Santander, Colombia. The compounds were extracted using the solid phase microextraction with head space (SPME-HS) technique, and identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) by comparing the mass spectra of each compound in the Wiley 275L library of mass spectra and the Kovats retention index (IK) ratio. A semi-quantitative method was proposed that included toluene as an internal standard to normalize the degree of recovery between samples and a response factor for each family, calculated using a compound characteristic of that functional group. The results associated with response factors for each family or group of compounds such as alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters and pyrazines (2.19, 1.02, 2.84, 0.38, 6.38, 0.88 respectively) were different between families, however, there was no difference between compounds within the same family. The implemented method obtained a DOD and DML of 0.024 µg/kg and 0.037 µg/kg respectively and an accuracy expressed as percentage recovery (of characteristic compounds per family) of 96% on average. According to the precision of the method, the results show that the concentrations have an average coefficient of variation (%CV) of 7.38% assuring repeatability and good precision. Finally, for the analyzed and quantified samples, it was found that the compounds with higher concentration were acetic acid (42.633 mg/kg), 2-phenylethyl acetate (29.44 mg/kg), 2.3-butanediol (345.39 mg/kg), 2-phenylethanol (12.595mg/kg) and 2.3.5.6-tetramethylpyrazine (8.601 mg/kg).

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Determination of the content of individual phenolic compounds in essential oils of plants of the Lamiaceae family

PROCEEDINGS OF V INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE” ◽

10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-128 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I.L. Danilova ◽

◽

L.A. Timasheva ◽

O.A. Pekhova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Arithmetic Mean ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Relative Measurement ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Monarda Fistulosa ◽

Satureja Montana

Based on the conducted research, a method with an internal standard for the quantitative determination of the content of individual phenolic compounds – carvacrol and thymol in essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L., Monarda fistulosa L., Origanum vulgare L., Satureja hortensis L., Satureja montana L. was developed. The internal standard – oxygen-containing monocyclic terpene alcohol menthol with a purity of 98.0% – was experimentally determined. Metrological characteristics of the developed method: the convergence of the arithmetic mean of two definitions is not more than 0.3 %; the relative measurement error at P= 95 is not more than 2.0 %.

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Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Sausage Meat

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:5151 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Codrean POP ◽

Levente BARA ◽

Elena HORJ ◽

Andreea IORDACHE ◽

Cornel LASLO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Quadrupole Mass ◽

Temperature Program ◽

Separation Temperature

The aim of this work was to establish the extraction procedure, the derivatization method, the separation temperature program, the identification and quantitation of the free fatty acids from meat. A gas chromatography - mass spectrometric (GC/MS) technique was used. The fatty acids were obtained by grounding meat, water and sand and then extraction was performed by mixing chloroform:methanol (2:1) during 30 seconds, at room temperature. The fatty acids were derivatized to obtain methyl esters. A Trace DSQ ThermoFinnigan quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled with a Trace GC was used. Fatty acids were separated on a Rtx-5MS capillary column, 30m x 0.25mm, 0.25µm film thickness, using a suitable temperature program. The identification of fatty acids was obtained by comparison of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) mass spectra with the mass spectra of FAME kits and of NIST library. Concentrations of fatty acids were calculated by using a proper internal standard.

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Cytoand histochemical studies of the lichen Evernia prunastri (D.) Ach. of the Asteraceae family in vitro culture

Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation ◽

10.36305/2712-7788-2021-2-159-37-47 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 37-47

Author(s):

L. M. Teplitskaya ◽

E. F. Semyonova ◽

E. P. Kiriakidi

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

In Vitro Cultivation ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Evernia Prunastri ◽

Active Growth ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

The most demanded raw material among lichens for perfumery, cosmetic, essential oil and pharmaceutical industries are dried thalli of Evernia prunastri . Populations of this species in Crimea are limited, and harvests of this plant significantly reduce natural resources. Biotechnology methods can solve the problem of year-round supply of raw materials for technological processes, as well as the preservation of natural reserves of E. prunastri in nature. Therefore, it is relevant to develop lichen technologies under controlled conditions, which make it possible to intensify the processes of accumulation of biomass and biologically active compounds in it produced by phyco- and mycobionts. In the process of in vitro cultivation, morphological, cyto- and histochemical analysis of cells and tissues of E. prunastri lichen was carried out: Comparative morphometric characteristics of mycobiont and phycobiont cells in vitro and the initial material were given. The accumulation and localization of: mucus, phenolic compounds, starch and glycogen, lipids and essential oils has been studied. It has been shown that the accumulation of reserve polysaccharides during the development of a lichen: starch and glycogen, as well as other nutrients, such as lipids, and substances of secondary synthesis, in particular, essential oil, is associated with an intensive increase in the biomass of lichen. However, the high content of mucus and phenolic compounds in cells does not promote active growth and indicates aging of culture cells. It was revealed that the qualitative composition of the alcoholic extract of lichen grown in culture corresponds to the composition of natural lichen. This information obtained can be used in the development of biotechnology for the cultivation of E. prunastri and its bionts.

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