scholarly journals Causation of Oxidative Stress and Defense Response of a Yeast Cell Model after Treatment with Orthodontic Alloys Consisting of Metal Ions

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Vito Kovač ◽  
Matic Bergant ◽  
Janez Ščančar ◽  
Jasmina Primožič ◽  
Polona Jamnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Protein Damage ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Chromium Alloy

Misaligned teeth have a tremendous impact on oral and dental health, and the most efficient method of correcting the problem is orthodontic treatment with orthodontic appliances. The study was conducted to investigate the metal composition of selected orthodontic alloys, the release of metal ions, and the oxidative consequences that the metal ions may cause in the cell. Different sets of archwires, stainless steel brackets, and molar bands were incubated in artificial saliva for 90 days. The composition of each orthodontic material and quantification of the concentration of metal ions released were evaluated. Metal ion mixtures were prepared to determine the occurrence of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme defense system, and oxidative damage to proteins. The beta titanium alloy released the fewest metal ions and did not cause oxidative stress or protein damage. The metal ions from stainless steel and the cobalt-chromium alloy can cause oxidative stress and protein damage only at high concentrations. All metal ions from orthodontic alloys alter the activity of antioxidant enzymes in some way. The determined amounts of metal ions released from orthodontic appliances in a simulated oral environment are still below the maximum tolerated dose, and the concentrations of released metal ions are not capable of inducing oxidative stress, although some changes in antioxidant enzyme activity were observed at these concentrations.

scholarly journals The Release of Total Metal Ion and Genotoxicity of Stainless Steel Brackets: Experimental Study Using Micronucleus Assay

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Irene Karlina ◽  
Rahmi Amtha ◽  
Boedi Oetomo Roeslan ◽  
Yuniar Zen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Iron Ion ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
As Toxicity

BACKGROUND: Stainless steel brackets are composed of various metal that may corrode in oral cavity. Corrosion is caused by the release of metal ions such as chromium, nickel, and iron. The release of metal ions can cause adverse effects such as toxicity, allergic, and mutagenicity. To evaluate the biocompatibility of stainless steel brackets, micronucleus assay as one of genotoxicity assay is used in this study. To determine the differences and the correlation of metal ions release and genotoxic activity among three brand stainless steel brackets.METHODS: Three brands of brackets were immersed in artificial saliva for 672 hours and the release of ion chromium, nikel and iron were examined. The cytokynesis block micronucleus assay (CBMN) using lymphocytes was performed as well.RESULTS: The highest metal releasing were nickel, cromium, iron, respectively (30.5, 27.2, 23.4 ppb). There was a significant differences between total nickel and iron ion release among three brand brackets (p=0.04, p=0.02). Genotoxicity of metal ion released was correlated with durration of immersion brackets (p=0.01). Genotoxicity was significant correlated with the release of chromium (p=0.03) and nickel (p=0.01).CONCLUSION: Genotoxicity of stainless steel brackets was influenced by duration of immersion but not influenced by brand brackets. KEYWORDS: genotoxicity, stainless steel brackets, metal ion

Influence of pH Level and Type of Archwire on the Time Bound Release of Nickel Ions from Orthodontic Appliances - An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (29) ◽  
pp. 2162-2165
Author(s):  
Azhar Mohammed ◽  
Crystal Runa Soans ◽  
Shivananda S. ◽  
Yatishkumar S. Joshi ◽  
Junaid Junaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Nickel Release ◽  
Oral Environment

BACKGROUND Orthodontic metallic appliances in the oral cavity are constantly in contact with biological fluids or tissues thereby releasing particulate masses. They can be common causes of contact allergies and should be considered as a critical issue in determining properties of biomaterials. Nickel ions in various forms and compounds have been known to cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic and allergenic reactions. Pattern of metal ions released from different stainless steel orthodontic appliances in vitro could provide valuable information to consider their application in clinical scenarios. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate metal ions released under different ph levels, immersion period time and using different archwire orthodontic appliances. METHODS Orthodontic appliances were constructed consisting of five brackets from central incisor to the second premolar, a buccal tube welded molar band and an archwire that were used as samples. Total of twelve appliances were constructed; using stainless steel, Ni - Ti, and Thermal Ni - Ti wires (N = 4 each). Half of these samples were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 3.5 and the other half were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 6.75. The samples were stored in an incubator at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. Saliva samples from these bottles were collected at the end of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis for estimation of nickel content. RESULTS Nickel release was maximum during the first week of immersion from orthodontic appliances comprising of Ni - Ti wires compared to Stainless steel and thermal Ni - Ti. A gradual decline in the nickel release was observed in the subsequent weeks. Ion release was increased by 30 times in the acidic pH medium, as compared to neutral pH conditions. CONCLUSIONS There is a definite release of nickel ions from orthodontic appliances when exposed to oral environment; however, the amounts are much lower than the daily dietary intake and don’t pose risk of toxicity. Care should be taken in patients with nickel hypersensitivity and wires such as beta - titanium or epoxy coated wires can be substituted. As there is an increase in ion release under acidic conditions the patients need to maintain hygienic oral environment thereby limiting corrosion of appliances. KEY WORDS NitiAlloy, Archwires, pH, Hypersensitivity

scholarly journals Are Metal Ions That Make up Orthodontic Alloys Cytotoxic, and Do They Induce Oxidative Stress in a Yeast Cell Model?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7993
Author(s):  
Vito Kovač ◽  
Borut Poljšak ◽  
Jasmina Primožič ◽  
Polona Jamnik
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Wild Type Yeast

Compositions of stainless steel, nickel-titanium, cobalt-chromium and β-titanium orthodontic alloys were simulated with mixtures of Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Ti and Mo metal ions as potential oxidative stress-triggering agents. Wild-type yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two mutants ΔSod1 and ΔCtt1 were used as model organisms to assess the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress occurrence. Metal mixtures at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µM were prepared out of metal chlorides and used to treat yeast cells for 24 h. Every simulated orthodontic alloy at 1000 µM was cytotoxic, and, in the case of cobalt-chromium alloy, even 100 µM was cytotoxic. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage were detected for stainless steel and both cobalt-chromium alloys at 1000 µM in wild-type yeast and 100 µM in the ΔSod1 and ΔCtt1 mutants. Simulated nickel-titanium and β-titanium alloy did not induce oxidative stress in any of the tested strains.

scholarly journals Effect of Curcumin on Protein Damage Induced by Rotenone in Dopaminergic PC12 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Buratta ◽  
Elisabetta Chiaradia ◽  
Alessia Tognoloni ◽  
Angela Gambelunghe ◽  
Consuelo Meschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Protein Damage ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta

Oxidative stress is considered to be a key factor of the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by reduced dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and accumulated protein aggregates. Rotenone is a worldwide-used pesticide that induces the most common features of Parkinson’s by direct inhibition of the mitochondrial complex I. Rotenone-induced Parkinson’s models, as well as brain tissues from Parkinson’s patients, are characterized by the presence of both lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation markers resulting from the increased level of free radical species. Oxidation introduces several modifications in protein structure, including carbonylation and nitrotyrosine formation, which severely compromise cell function. Due to the link existing between oxidative stress and Parkinson’s disease, antioxidant molecules could represent possible therapeutic tools for this disease. In this study, we evaluated the effect of curcumin, a natural compound known for its antioxidant properties, in dopaminergic PC12 cells treated with rotenone, a cell model of Parkinsonism. Our results demonstrate that the treatment of PC12 cells with rotenone causes severe protein damage, with formation of both carbonylated and nitrotyrosine-derived proteins, whereas curcumin (10 µM) co-exposure exerts protective effects by reducing the levels of oxidized proteins. Curcumin also promotes proteasome activation, abolishing the inhibitory effect exerted by rotenone on this degradative system.

scholarly journals Metal ion release from silver soldering and laser welding caused by different types of mouthwash

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Tuygun Erdogan ◽  
Didem Nalbantgil ◽  
Feyza Ulkur ◽  
Fikrettin Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Laser Welding ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Metal Ion Release ◽  
Group Comparisons

ABSTRACT Objective:  To compare metal ion release from samples welded with silver soldering and laser welding when immersed into mouthwashes with different ingredients. Materials and Methods:  A total of 72 samples were prepared: 36 laser welded and 36 silver soldered. Four samples were chosen from each subgroup to study the morphologic changes on their surfaces via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each group was further divided into four groups where the samples were submerged into mouthwash containing sodium fluoride (NaF), mouthwash containing sodium fluoride + alcohol (NaF + alcohol), mouthwash containing chlorhexidine (CHX), or artificial saliva (AS) for 24 hours and removed thereafter. Subsequently, the metal ion release from the samples was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metal ion release among the solutions and the welding methods were compared. The Kruskal-Wallis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for the group comparisons, and post hoc Dunn multiple comparison test was utilized for the two group comparisons. Results:  The level of metal ion release from samples of silver soldering was higher than from samples of laser welding. Furthermore, greater amounts of nickel, chrome, and iron were released from silver soldering. With regard to the mouthwash solutions, the lowest amounts of metal ions were released in CHX, and the highest amounts of metal ions were released in NaF + alcohol. SEM images were in accord with these findings. Conclusions:  The laser welding should be preferred over silver soldering. CHX can be recommended for patients who have welded appliances for orthodontic reasons.

scholarly journals Release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliance: An in vitro study in continuous flow system

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Mikulewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Chojnacka ◽  
Paulina Wołowiec
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: A new system for in vitro testing of dental materials was constructed and consisted of a thermostatic glass reactor that enabled immersion of the studied material. Experimental conditions reflected the human oral cavity, with a temperature of 37°C and a saliva flow rate of 0.5mL/min. The simulated fixed orthodontic appliance made of stainless steel was evaluated. Sampling was performed at several time points during the 28-day study, and the metal ion concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Results: The total mass of released metal ions from the appliance during 4 weeks of the experiment was as follows nickel 18.7 μg, chromium 5.47 μg, copper 31.3 μg. Conclusions: The estimated doses of nickel, chromium, and copper determined by extrapolation of experimental data released during the treatment period were far below the toxic dose to humans. This shows that orthodontic treatment might not be a significant source of exposure to these metal ions.

scholarly journals Release of nickel ions and changes in surface microstructure of stainless steel archwire after immersion in tomato and orange juice

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
H F Lubis ◽  
G H Simamora
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Stainless steel archwire is an important component of orthodontic appliances that have the potential to corrode. Consumption of foods and beverages with a low pH, such as fruit-based juices, can trigger the release of nickel ions in stainless steel archwire. This study aimed to determine the difference in the amount of nickel ions release and the surface microstructure of stainless steel archwire after immersed in tomato and orange juice. The sample used is stainless steel archwire with a diameter of 0.016 inches and length of 5 cm immersed in 15 ml of solution and then stored at 37°C in an incubator for 24 hours. The samples were divided into three groups (immersed in tomato juice,orange juice and artificial saliva), each group consisted of 9 samples. The solution was tested using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) to determine the number of nickel ions released. The archwire surface microstructure was tested using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the average amount of nickel ion release in orange juice is more than tomato juice. There was a significant difference between the amount of nickel ion released and surface microstructure on stainless steel archwire after being immersed in tomato and orange juice.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Jasmina Primožič ◽  
Borut Poljšak ◽  
Polona Jamnik ◽  
Vito Kovač ◽  
Gordana Čanadi Jurešić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

The treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances could have an important role in the induction of oxidative stress and associated negative consequences. Because of the simultaneous effects of corrosion, deformation, friction, and mechanical stress on fixed orthodontic appliances during treatment, degradation of orthodontic brackets and archwires occurs, causing higher concentrations of metal ions in the oral cavity. Corroded appliances cause the release of metal ions, which may lead to the increased values of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to metal-catalyzed free radical reactions. Chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, and molybdenum all belong to the group of transition metals that can be subjected to redox reactions to form ROS. The estimation of health risk due to the amount of heavy metals released and the level of selected parameters of oxidative stress generated for the time of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances is presented. Approaches to avoid oxidative stress and recommendations for the preventive use of topical or systemic antioxidants during orthodontic treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals A Review of the Requirements and Hazards of Toxic Metals From Orthodontic Wires

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Babaei Hatkehlouei ◽  
Sepideh Dadgar ◽  
Mohammad Shokrzadeh ◽  
Jaber Mousavi ◽  
Farhad Sobouti
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Orthodontic Wires

Background: Orthodontics is a part of dentistry that comprises preventive methods and correction of dental irregularities that need to be repositioned by functional and mechanical tools to provide an ideal occlusion and a beautiful face for patients. There are currently four metal archwires used in orthodontic treatment: stainless steel alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy, nickel-titanium alloy, and beta-titanium alloy. Toxic effects generally occur when the body’s tissues are exposed to sufficient amounts of metal ions for long periods. Objectives: The present study briefly reviews the requirements and hazards of toxic metals from orthodontic wires. Methods: This study is a review of the available reliable sources and reference documents and scientific-research articles published in the international journals and databases with the focus on the requirements and hazards of toxic metals from orthodontic wires. Results: Optimal characteristics of an archwire for optimal performance are spring return, ductility, modulus of elasticity, biocompatibility, and low friction. The release of metal ions from dental alloys is due to local and systematic chemicals, mutagenic, immunogenic, and toxic effects. Conclusion: Today, most orthodontic brackets, braces, and archwires are made of stainless steel and nickel-titanium, all of which contain varying amounts of nickel, chromium, and cobalt ions. Increasing the amount of ions released from orthodontic alloys causes a cytotoxic state for the body. Although orthodontic alloys contain anti-corrosion agents, they are prone to corrosion in dynamic oral environments.

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