scholarly journals Release of nickel ions and changes in surface microstructure of stainless steel archwire after immersion in tomato and orange juice

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
H F Lubis ◽  
G H Simamora
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Stainless steel archwire is an important component of orthodontic appliances that have the potential to corrode. Consumption of foods and beverages with a low pH, such as fruit-based juices, can trigger the release of nickel ions in stainless steel archwire. This study aimed to determine the difference in the amount of nickel ions release and the surface microstructure of stainless steel archwire after immersed in tomato and orange juice. The sample used is stainless steel archwire with a diameter of 0.016 inches and length of 5 cm immersed in 15 ml of solution and then stored at 37°C in an incubator for 24 hours. The samples were divided into three groups (immersed in tomato juice,orange juice and artificial saliva), each group consisted of 9 samples. The solution was tested using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) to determine the number of nickel ions released. The archwire surface microstructure was tested using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the average amount of nickel ion release in orange juice is more than tomato juice. There was a significant difference between the amount of nickel ion released and surface microstructure on stainless steel archwire after being immersed in tomato and orange juice.

Influence of pH Level and Type of Archwire on the Time Bound Release of Nickel Ions from Orthodontic Appliances - An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (29) ◽  
pp. 2162-2165
Author(s):  
Azhar Mohammed ◽  
Crystal Runa Soans ◽  
Shivananda S. ◽  
Yatishkumar S. Joshi ◽  
Junaid Junaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Nickel Release ◽  
Oral Environment

BACKGROUND Orthodontic metallic appliances in the oral cavity are constantly in contact with biological fluids or tissues thereby releasing particulate masses. They can be common causes of contact allergies and should be considered as a critical issue in determining properties of biomaterials. Nickel ions in various forms and compounds have been known to cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic and allergenic reactions. Pattern of metal ions released from different stainless steel orthodontic appliances in vitro could provide valuable information to consider their application in clinical scenarios. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate metal ions released under different ph levels, immersion period time and using different archwire orthodontic appliances. METHODS Orthodontic appliances were constructed consisting of five brackets from central incisor to the second premolar, a buccal tube welded molar band and an archwire that were used as samples. Total of twelve appliances were constructed; using stainless steel, Ni - Ti, and Thermal Ni - Ti wires (N = 4 each). Half of these samples were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 3.5 and the other half were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 6.75. The samples were stored in an incubator at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. Saliva samples from these bottles were collected at the end of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis for estimation of nickel content. RESULTS Nickel release was maximum during the first week of immersion from orthodontic appliances comprising of Ni - Ti wires compared to Stainless steel and thermal Ni - Ti. A gradual decline in the nickel release was observed in the subsequent weeks. Ion release was increased by 30 times in the acidic pH medium, as compared to neutral pH conditions. CONCLUSIONS There is a definite release of nickel ions from orthodontic appliances when exposed to oral environment; however, the amounts are much lower than the daily dietary intake and don’t pose risk of toxicity. Care should be taken in patients with nickel hypersensitivity and wires such as beta - titanium or epoxy coated wires can be substituted. As there is an increase in ion release under acidic conditions the patients need to maintain hygienic oral environment thereby limiting corrosion of appliances. KEY WORDS NitiAlloy, Archwires, pH, Hypersensitivity

scholarly journals Release of nickel ion and surface microstructure of NiTi archwire after immersion in tomato and orange juice

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
H F Lubis ◽  
Y A Purba
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract One of wires commonly used in orthodontic treatment is nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwire. NiTi archwire has the potential to release ions that can cause allergic and cytotoxic reactions. This study aimed to specify the difference in the amount of nickel ion release and surface microstructure of NiTi archwires after immersing in tomato and orange juice. NiTi archwire with a diameter of 0.016 inches and a length of 5 cm was used as the sample, which was immersed in 15 ml of solution and then stored at 37°C in an incubator for 24 hours. The samples were divided into two tretment groups (immersed in tomato and orange juice), each with nine samples. The immersion solution was tested for ion release using an Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometer. The microstructure of the wire surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that group 1 has higher average amount of nickel ion release than group 2 and control. SEM result showed that the surface microstructure of the NiTi archwire in group 1 is roughest. There was a significant difference between the amount of nickel ion released and surface microstructure on NiTi archwire after being immersed in tomato and orange juice.

scholarly journals The influence of artificial salivary pH on nickel ion release and the surface morphology of stainless steel bracket-nickel-titanium archwire combinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Narmada ◽  
Natalya Tantri Sudarno ◽  
Achmad Sjafei ◽  
Yuli Setiyorini
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph

Background: In the oral cavity, orthodontic appliances come into contact with saliva which may cause corrosion capable of changing their surface morphology due to the release of metal ions. Surface roughness can influence the effectiveness of tooth movement. One of the ions possibly released when body fluid comes into contact with brackets and archwire is nickel ion (Ni). Ni, one of the most popular components of orthodontic appliances, is, however, a toxic element that could potentially increase the likelihood of health problems such as allergic responses during treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different artificial salivary pH on the ions released and the surface morphology of stainless steel (SS) brackets-nickel-titanium (NiTi) and archwire combinations. Methods: Brackets and archwires were analyzed by an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Detector System (EDX) to determine their composition, while NiTi archwire compound was examined by means of X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The immersion test was performed at artificial salivary pH levels of 4.2; 6.5; and 7.6 at 37°C for 28 days. Ni ion release measurement was performed using an Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Surface morphology was analyzed by means of a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: The chemical composition of all orthodontic appliances contained Ni element. In addition, XRD was depicted phases not only NiTi but also Ni, Titanium, Silicon and Zinc Oleate. The immersion test showed that the highest release of Ni ions occured at a pH of 4.2, with no significant difference at various levels of pH (p=.092). There were surface morphology changes in the orthodontic appliances. It was revealed that at a pH of 4.2, the surfaces of orthodontic appliances become unhomogenous and rough compared to those at other pH concentrations. Conclusion: The reduction of pH in the artificial saliva increases the amount of released Ni ions, as well as causing changes to the surface morphology of brackets and archwires.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Material Konservasi Kolostrum terhadap Pelepasan Ion Ni

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Grahita Aditya ◽  
Hikmah Nuraini ◽  
Whinahyu Aji Sekarini
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Orthodontic Bracket ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Significant Difference

Nickel in orthodontic bracket will be released immediately in the oral cavity. The release of Ni ion may trigger type IV hypersensitivity reaction. Colostrum has a high content of lactoferrin which can inhibit T cells proliferation after nickel sensitization, and decrease oxidative stress. Adding potassium sorbat 0.5%, or fermentation of colostrum may extend colostrum storage. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of nickel ion release in colostrum with 0.5% potassium sorbat addition and fermented colostrum. Methods of the study were laboratory experimental with four groups, colostrum and 0.5% potassium sorbat, fermented colostrum, sodium fluoride and artificial saliva. The sample was incubated in 40°C for 7 days. Nickel ions was measured using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES Perlun Elmer Optima 8300®). Ni ions release differences were tested using the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann Whitney test.The lowest rate of Ni ion release wasfound in the colostrum group with 0.5% potassium sorbat followed by the fermented colostrum group. Kruskal-Wallis test no significant difference (p> 0,05) in each study group. The Mann Whitney test found significant differences between colostrum solution with 0.5% potassium sorbat and sodium fluoride, and also artificial saliva. The results concluded that colostrum with 0.5% potassium sorbat inhibit the release of Ni ions.

scholarly journals Differences in nickel ions released from nickel-titanium arch wire after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Hilda Fitria Lubis ◽  
Kholidina Imanda Harahap ◽  
Nadia Tamari Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) arch wire has properties that favor its use during the leveling and aligning phase of orthodontic treatment. This NiTi orthodontic arch wire has the potential to experience nickel ion release. One factor that can cause the release of nickel ions is toothpaste. Nickel ions released can enter the body and cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic, and allergic effects. The purpose of this study was to see the differences of nickel ions released from NiTi orthodontic arch wire after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste. This was a laboratory experimental research to draft a comparative design. The sample size was 40 pieces of NiTi orthodontic arch wire which were divided into 2 groups, immersion in detergent toothpaste and immersion in non-detergent toothpaste. The sample used was NiTi arch wire solution immersed in toothpaste and distilled water for 24 hours in an incubator at 37 °C then measured using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometer to determine the released nickel ions. Data were analyzed usingMann-Whitney test. The Mann-Whitney test resulted in a value of 0.872 (p≥0.05) which indicates no significant difference between the two groups. The study concluded that there is no difference in the nickel ions released from NiTi orthodonticarchwire after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste.

scholarly journals Nickel ion release from stainless steel brackets in chlorhexidine and Piper betle Linn mouthwash

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Tanti Deriaty ◽  
Indra Nasution ◽  
Muslin Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Background: Orthodontist prescribe mouthwash for their patients especially since most of patients do not have a satisfactory oral hygiene and have high risk of dental caries. Stainless steel brackets that exposed by mouthwash may have nickel ion release. Corrosion and nickel ion release can induced allergic reaction and make more friction during orthodontic treatment. Purpose: This study aimed to measure nickel ion release of stainless steel bracket that immersed in chlorhexidine and Piper betle Linn mouthwash. Methods: Thirty-six stainless steel bracket immersed in artificial saliva, chlorhexidine, and Piper betle Linn mouthwash. All brackets stored in incubator for 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks. Nickel ion release was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: The results showed a significant differences of nickel ion release in all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, among the mouthwash, chlorohexidine has the highest nickel ion release from stainless steel brackets, followed with Piper betle Linn mouthwash.

scholarly journals Trimming and pH Effects on Nickel Ion Release from Stainless Trimming and pH Effects on Nickel Ion Release from Stainless Steel Crowns of Primary Teeth Steel Crowns of

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Arab-Nozari ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Shokrzadeh ◽  
Nastaran Zamehran ◽  
Jamshid Yazdani Charati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Nickel Release ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Decreasing Ph

Objective: Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are preformed metal crowns used to restore severely decayed primary teeth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of pH changes and SSC margin trimming on nickel release in artificial saliva solution. Methods: A total of 90 SSCs were divided into three groups and placed in 35 ml of artificial saliva of pH 6.8, 5, and 3.5. Another group consisting 30 SSCs with trimmed margins was placed in saliva of pH 6.8. All SSCs were incubated at 37°C. The concentration of released nickel was assessed on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The highest concentrations of nickel were released on the first day in all groups. Nickel release increased with decreasing pH, and the differences observed were statistically significant on days 1, 7, 14, and 28. SSC trimming caused a significant increase in nickel release on all days except day 21. Conclusion: The concentration of nickel increased in saliva of low pH. The highest levels of nickel were released with SSC margin trimming because of the loss of integrity of the margins.

scholarly journals New Bactericide Orthodonthic Archwire: NiTi with Silver Nanoparticles

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
F. Javier Gil ◽  
Eduardo Espinar-Escalona ◽  
Nuria Clusellas ◽  
Javier Fernandez-Bozal ◽  
Montserrat Artes-Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Bacteria Culture ◽  
Nanoparticles Of Silver

A potential new bactericide treatment for NiTi orthodontic archwires based in the electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles on the surface was studied. Twenty-five archwires were treated by electrodeposition, obtaining nanoparticles of silver embedded on the archwire surface. These were evaluated in order to investigate the possible changes on the superelastic characteristics (critical temperatures and stresses), the nickel ion release, and the bacteria culture behavior. The chemical composition was analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy-microanalysis; the singular temperatures of the martensitic transformation were obtained by a flow calorimeter. Induced martensitic transformation stresses were obtained by mechanical testing apparatus. Nickel ion release was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) equipment using artificial saliva solution at 37 °C. Bacterial tests were studied with the most used oral bacterial strains: Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus salivarius. NiTi samples were immersed in bacterial suspensions for 2 h at 37 °C. Adhered bacteria were separated and seeded on agar plates: Tood-Hewitt (TH) and Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) for S. sanguinis and for L.salivarius, respectively. These were then incubated at 37 °C for 1 day and the colonies were analyzed. The results showed that the transformation temperatures and the critical stresses have not statistically significant differences. Likewise, nickel ion release at different immersion times in saliva at 37 °C does not present changes between the original and treated with silver nanoparticles archwires. Bacteria culture results showed that the reduction of the bacteria due to the presence to the nanoparticles of silver is higher than 90%. Consequently, the new treatment with nanoparticles of silver could be a good candidate as bactericidic orthodontic archwire.

Ion Release and Galvanic Corrosion of Different Orthodontic Brackets and Wires in Artificial Saliva

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soodeh Tahmasbi ◽  
Tahereh Sheikh ◽  
Yasamin B Hemmati
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Saturated Calomel Reference Electrode ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction To investigate the galvanic corrosion of brackets manufactured by four different companies coupled with stainless steel (SS) or nickel–titanium (NiTi) wires in an artificial saliva solution. Materials and methods A total of 24 mandibular central incisor Roth brackets of four different manufacturers (American Orthodontics, Dentaurum, Shinye, ORJ) were used in this experimental study. These brackets were immersed in artificial saliva along with SS or NiTi orthodontic wires (0.016”, round) for 28 days. The electric potential difference of each bracket/ wire coupled with a saturated calomel reference electrode was measured via a voltmeter and recorded constantly. Corrosion rate (CR) was calculated, and release of ions was measured with an atomic absorption spectrometer. Stereomicroscope was used to evaluate all samples. Then, samples with corrosion were further assessed by scanning electron microscope and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data. Results Among ions evaluated, release of nickel ions from Shinye brackets was significantly higher than that of other brackets. The mean potential difference was significantly lower in specimens containing a couple of Shinye brackets and SS wire compared with other specimens. No significant difference was observed in the mean CR of various groups (p>0.05). Microscopic evaluation showed corrosion in two samples only: Shinye bracket coupled with SS wire and American Orthodontics bracket coupled with NiTi wire. Conclusion Shinye brackets coupled with SS wire showed more susceptibility to galvanic corrosion. There were no significant differences among specimens in terms of the CR or released ions except the release of Ni ions, which was higher in Shinye brackets. How to cite this article Tahmasbi S, Sheikh T, Hemmati YB. Ion Release and Galvanic Corrosion of Different Orthodontic Brackets and Wires in Artificial Saliva. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):222-227.

scholarly journals CYTOTOXICITY OF IONS RELEASED FROM 17-4 PRECIPITATION HARDENING STAINLESS STEEL ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS IN ARTIFICIAL SALIVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Tjokro Prasetyadi ◽  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Miesje Karmiati Purwanegara ◽  
Bambang Suharno ◽  
Sugeng Supriadi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: 17-4 precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel has a low nickel content, which can reduce the risk of allergic reactions. It also has good mechanical properties against the stress caused by the archwire slot brackets in orthodontic treatments. The main focus of this study to evaluate the metal ions released into artificial saliva from different orthodontic brackets with the same 17-4 PH stainless steel and to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity of the metal.Methods: Material properties were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method was used to examine the cytotoxicity of Gemini and Synergy brackets.Results: The cytotoxicity test on all the orthodontic brackets showed a mean cell viability value above 80% in each immersion group, which means that this material is not cytotoxic to the human immortalized keratinocyte cell line.Conclusions: The results showed cell viability in the extracts of both groups of brackets, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).

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