scholarly journals Comparison of Different Biofilter Media During Biological Bed Maturation Using Common Carp as a Biogen Donor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Sikora ◽  
Joanna Nowosad ◽  
Dariusz Kucharczyk
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Filter Operation ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities ◽  
Operation Characteristics ◽  
Biological Filters

This experiment analysed the operation of submerged and dripping biological filters with three types of filling: commercial fitting HXF12KLL (CF), two innovative polypropylene aggregates (PPA) and polyethylene screw caps for PET bottles (PSC). The experiment determined the time needed to reach full filter functionality at the maturation stage, the time needed to start successive stages of the nitrification process and the maximum concentration of each nitrogen compound in water in the recirculation systems. The filter operation characteristics after the maturation stage were also examined. These issues are crucial during the preparation and launch of new aquaculture facilities. A literature analysis indicated that the ability of biological filters to oxidise nitrogen compounds is affected by a number of factors. Studies conducted at various centres have covered selected aspects and factors affecting the effectiveness of biological filters. During this study, the model fish common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used. The current experiment involved examination of biological filter maturation and operation during the carp fry rearing stage, which allowed the biofilter operation characteristics to be determined. At the third day of the experiment, the ammonium concentration reached approximately 3 mg NH4-N/dm3. It remained at this level for 10 days and later decreased below 0.25 mg NH4-N/dm3. The maximum nitrite concentration ranged from 11.7 mg/dm3 to 20.9 mg NO2-N/dm3 within 9 to 20 days and later decreased with time. Nitrate concentrations were seen to increase during the experiment. The all applied biofilter media showed possibility to be used in commercial aquaculture systems.

scholarly journals Dactylogyrus Infestation in Farmed Common Carp Cyprinus carpio from Aquaculture Facilities in Macedonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Dijana Blazhekovikj-Dimovska ◽  
Stojmir Stojanovski
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Abstract A total of 958 specimens of farmed common carp Cyprinus carpio from eight of the most significant and largest cyprinid aquaculture facilities in Macedonia (pond and cage culture systems) were examined for parasitological investigation for three years. The following parasite species of the genus Dactylogyrus were identified: Dactylogyrus extensus, Dactylogyrus minutus and Dactylogyrus anchoratus. The highest prevalence was determined for D. extensus (38.8%), followed by D. minutus (7.9%) and D. anchoratus (2.8%). The highest mean intensity was determined for D. extensus (6.2), followed by D. minutus (4.7) and D. anchoratus (3.8). By seasons, the highest prevalence (16.5%) was recorded for D. extensus in winter, while the lowest (0.6%) for D. minutus in autumn. The highest mean intensity (8.0) was also determined for D. extensus in winter, and the lowest (1.9) for D. minutus in spring.

scholarly journals Current knowledge on koi herpesvirus (KHV) – a review

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pokorova ◽  
T. Vesely ◽  
V. Piackova ◽  
S. Reschova ◽  
J. Hulova
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Koi Carp ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus

The first outbreaks of a disease connected with high mortality of common carp and koi carp caused by koi herpesvirus (KHV) were reported in 1998 in Israel and in the United States. Since then, several cases have been confirmed all over the world. At present, this viral disease is considered to be one of the most risky factors affecting populations of common carp and koi carp. Affected fish become disoriented and swim erratically with high breathing frequency, swollen gills and partially local skin lesions. The virus was isolated from the tissues of fish showing signs of the disease and subsequently cultured on koi fin (KF-1) cells. Electron microscopic examinations revealed morphological signs identical with viruses of the family Herpesviridae. Analysis of virion polypeptides and gene DNA showed the differences between KHV and the well-known herpesvirus of cyprinids, Herpesvirus cyprini (CHV), and Channel catfish virus (CCV). Water temperature is a factor influencing the onset and severity of disease. Fish seem most susceptible at water temperatures of 18–28°C, no morbidities occur at 13°C and 30°C. At present, diagnosis of KHV is mainly based on detection of viral DNA by PCR method.

scholarly journals Distribution of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Diplozoidae) in farmed common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L. 1758) from aquaculture facilities in Macedonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Dijana Blazhekovikj-Dimovska ◽  
Stojmir Stojanovski
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities ◽  
Eudiplozoon Nipponicum

A total of 958 specimens of common carp from the most significant and larger cyprinid aquaculture facilities in Macedonia, including fish farms and reservoirs, were examined for parasitological investigations. Eudiplozoon nipponicum was found on gills in 121 specimens of common carp in spring, summer and autumn, with a prevalence of 10.67 %, and a mean intensity of 2.55. Our findings of E. nipponicum in common carp from aquaculture are first recorded in Macedonia.

scholarly journals Analysis of Traffic Operation Characteristics and Calculation Model of the Length of the Connecting Section between Ramp and Intersection

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Fu Wang ◽  
Dengjun Gu ◽  
Anqi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Calculated Length ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Traffic Operation ◽  
Operation Characteristics

Many cities have built expressways to alleviate traffic congestion, among which elevated expressways are the most common form. However, traffic congestion still occurs frequently in the connecting section between the ramp of expressway and the ground intersection. Based on the field traffic survey data, the traffic operation characteristics of vehicles in the connecting section and the main factors affecting the length of the connecting section are analyzed. A combined model for calculating the length of the connecting section between ramp of urban expressway and intersection is proposed. VISSIM is used to simulate the traffic flow under the current and calculated length of the connecting section. The comparison results show that under the calculation length, the travel time, average delay, parking time and queue length are reduced to varying degrees, which verifies the rationality of the calculation model.

Metabolic activity test in investigation of biodegradation in biological filters

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
E. Kijowska ◽  
M. Leszczyńska ◽  
M.M. Sozański
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Filter Operation ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Biological Filters

The esterase activity (EA) metabolic activity test was shown to be applicable to measurement of the activity of biomass of biofilters. The method was reproducible and detected significant differences in biomass activity in different filters and at various depths within each filter. The highest biomass activity occurred at the bed surface in 60% of filter media. The EA test also revealed the changes of biomass activity during the time of filter operation as a result of backwashing. For all investigated filters maximum biomass activity in the middle of washing cycle was observed. Following backwashing, the activity dropped to a minimum. The relation between TOC (total organic carbon) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal and biomass activity were noted. The results presented in the paper suggest that the metabolic activity test can be used in investigation of the performance of biofilters.

scholarly journals The Influence of Corporate Governance and Operating Characteristics on Corporate Environmental Investment: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Defeng Yang ◽  
Zhanqing Wang ◽  
Fangmin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Environmental Investment ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Operation Characteristics

This study mainly explores the relationship between company governance, company operation characteristics, management connection and corporate environmental investment. Based on the theory of stakeholders and principal-agent, it expounds the factors affecting the environmental behavior of companies, and empirically tests the relationship of the involved variables. This study takes the non-financial listed companies of Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2011 as a sample, and conducts empirical research on corporate governance, business operation characteristics, management connection and corporate environmental protection investment. The results show that under the same circumstances, if the CEO is also the chairman of the board of directors, it will lead to opportunistic situation of the controlling shareholder, and the degree of willingness to invest in environmental preservation is low, which is negatively related to environmental protection investment. The more redundant resources or the higher the production efficiency exist, the higher the willingness of enterprises to invest in environmental protection will be stimulated.

scholarly journals Gene-environment interaction in molar-incisor hypomineralization

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0241898
Author(s):  
Mariana Bezamat ◽  
Juliana F. Souza ◽  
Fernanda M. F. Silva ◽  
Emilly G. Corrêa ◽  
Aluhe L. Fatturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an enamel condition characterized by lesions ranging in color from white to brown which present rapid caries progression, and mainly affects permanent first molars and incisors. These enamel defects usually occur when there are disturbances during the mineralization or maturation stage of amelogenesis. Both genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to play roles in MIH’s development, but no conclusive risk factors have shown the source of the disease. During head and neck development, the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene is involved in the structure formation of the oral and maxillofacial regions, and the transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) is an essential cell regulator, acting during proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. In this present study, it was hypothesized that these genes interact and contribute to predisposition of MIH. Environmental factors affecting children that were 3 years of age or older were also hypothesized to play a role in the disease etiology. Those factors included respiratory issues, malnutrition, food intolerance, infection of any sort and medication intake. A total of 1,065 salivary samples from four different cohorts were obtained, and DNA was extracted from each sample and genotyped for nine different single nucleotide polymorphisms. Association tests and logistic regression implemented in PLINK were used for analyses. A potential interaction between TGFA rs930655 with all markers tested in the cohort from Turkey was identified. These interactions were not identified in the remaining cohorts. Associations (p<0.05) between the use of medication after three years of age and MIH were also found, suggesting that conditions acquired at the age children start to socialize might contribute to the development of MIH.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF CESTODES IN FARMED COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L., 1758) FROM CYPRINID AQUACULTURE IN MACEDONIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 427-439
Author(s):  
Dijana Blazhekovikj – Dimovska ◽  
Stojmir Stojanovski ◽  
Stoe Smiljkov
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Ligula Intestinalis ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of parasites of the class Cestoda in farmed common carp from the cyprinid aquaculture facilities in Macedonia. The representatives of the class Cestoda occur most often during the winter (in 3.47% of examined fish), followed by spring (1.80%) and autumn (1.73%). They haven`t been identified during the summer. 20 fish out of 958 totally examined were infected with cestodes, with a mean intensity of 6.40, and a prevalence of 1.76%. In this study, the following parasite species were established: Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps, Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis and Ligula intestinalis (plerocercoid). Based on the total number of fish examined from cyprinid aquaculture facilities in Macedonia, the highest prevalence from the class Cestoda is determined by Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis (1.04%), followed by Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps and Ligula intestinalis with 0.55% each. The highest mean intensity with parasites of the class Cestoda is determined by Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps (9.40), followed by Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis (6.30) and Ligula intestinalis (3.60). The records of Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps in farmed common carp in the present study are considered as the first records for Macedonian aquaculture.

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